托福阅读试讲
托福阅读技巧完整版ppt课件
According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
According to the paragraph, X occurred because…
According to the paragraph, X did Y because…
高分技巧 2
Negative factual information questions （非事实信息题 / 否定事实信息题）
问题形式：又称EXCEPT 列举题，即排除列举题。要求判断 哪些信息的是对的（true），哪些信息是错的（false），哪 些是未提及的（not given）。
题目中常会见大写的“NOT”或“EXCEPT”
真题演练 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
直接对比推理
段2：Some nations, especially those who colors and emblems date back several hundred years, have different flags for different official uses. For example, the flag of Poland is a simple rectangle with a white upper half and red lower half. The …
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
2个实例详解托福阅读修辞目的题从题干找线索解题技巧
2个实例详解托福阅读修辞目的题从题干找线索解题技巧托福阅读中既有不需要思考太多直接就能从原文找到答案的题目，也有需要考生自己主动思考分析才能得出结论的题目。
今天小编给大家带来了2个实例详解托福阅读修辞目的题从题干找线索解题技巧希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
2个实例详解托福阅读修辞目的题从题干找线索解题技巧托福阅读修辞目的题出题形式简介托福阅读修辞目的题的格式是这个样子的：“why does author mention ”注意这里的why不是定位文中的because来找答案，而是应采取这样一种思维即：题干作为一个细节，其存在的价值是为了支撑前面出现的观点，所以答案在题干细节出现的位置前面去找，也就是找到观点 (注意避开其他同样支撑观点的细节)修辞目的题解题思路实例分析实例1：Paragraph 6: But neither the human imitativeinstinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems tobe a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of thiscondition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficientdetachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather thanas serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition thatcontributes to the development of autonomous theater is the emergence of theaesthetic sense.2. Why does the author mention “comedy”?A. To give an example of early types of theater.B. To explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfare.C. To help explain why detachment is needed for the development of theater.D. To show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society.本题中的comedy虽为一个小词，看似不起眼，但是它所存在的句子，句首为for example，这就构成了明显的举例关系，所以答案还是在前面找这个例子所证明的观点。
【托福】新东方托福阅读讲义
【关键字】托福托福强化班阅读讲义范琛Samuel100VSPStrategy /skills反衬凡塵Mortaldust10028 26 23 23Input vs outputOutputinput30考试报名：送一套OG 3Delta-Blue 4Delta-Red 6TPO 13InputOutput一、词汇题：1.题型概括:近义2.解题思路i.“生僻”词汇ii.熟词僻义iii.上下文理解5%Context3.备考提示数量词源词性i.背诵词汇的优先顺序a)通用的V & Adj,特别是已经学过的简单词汇的升级版(书面语b)常用的名词c)专有名词jargonii.背单词的方法:词根词缀iii. B. Delta p63-p66Vocabulary Builder4.例题OG 43-11,B.Delta 72-8, 73-9, 73-1, 74-3*, 75-8/9, 76-2, 79-,Dis-banded band dismissSophisticatedUniqueBan brandSophisticatedDis-band-edUniqueThis custom is unique to the southwestern aboriginal tribes.=only found inXXXXX (风俗) is unique to XXX Tribe.二、指代题1.题型概述i.基本原则:a)代词指名词b)代词通常指前（相邻句子）没有歧义：同一句相邻句子：两句话c)单复数一致代词指后When he returned to homeland, the ambassador embarked on anew course.主从句/主句+状语从句/状语在前，主句在后，则名词完整形式放主句中，代词放从句/状语中2.解题思路代入检查i.主语同指主1 xxxxxxxx. 主2（代词）xxxxx ii.上下文理解112-43.例题OG 42-5 62-9 71-5 92-2Delta 48-1/2 49-4 51-1 52-6三、插入题：1.题型概述2.解题思路i.代词（指代）黑体句句首：代词+名词→原文（重复/同义替换）黑体句首有This→段落最开头的方格必错ii.总分/隐含先后关系a)明显标记词(之后的名词) Both, also, again, another; a third, finalb)先抽象后具体●在抽象句子开头有结论性词语，则颠倒顺序Thus, in conclusion, consequently…c)A of B = B’s Ad)要比较先介绍A: xxx, B: xxx A>B三转折13ChaosSalonUltimate clue: Cohesion between ‘Repeated’ nouns3.例题OG: 43-12 52-12 63-12 84-11 107-11 114-12 指代73-11 95-11 121-11*Delta:143-7/9(先抽象后具体)144-10 (both) 145-3(AofB) 146-6(要比较先描述) 147-8(先整体后个体)486-39* ,514-38*,538-24,红Delta:36-2444-49 210-24四、句子改写（简化）1.题型概述Essential Infoi.主谓宾ii.逻辑关系条件/因果/转折/对比/比较级2.解题思路i.简单句筛选主’谓’提示：竖读选项排除具有相同错误的选项看上文：◆句首代词◆主语内涵不明◆呼应结构(also)ii.并列句筛选主谓宾小心：并列句原句前短后长，答案将对原句进行缩减，要把握句子重心And ;➢原句隐含关系在选项表面化分词→结果/原因/目的/伴随iii.复杂句抓住原句逻辑关系词筛选选项3.例题Delta:一124例题131-7 135-7；128-2* 129-4*（看上文）二126-7 128-1 130-6* （错项）130-5*（分词/隐含关系）三127例题131-8 133-3 135-10OG:一93-7二81-2*（句子重心的把握）三43-10 51-10 60-3 72-8*（whereas）106-10 112-6* 120-9 Respectively五、细节题纯粹细节Infer否定(先看选项，观察共性) EXCEPT NOT细节题重大出题点：i.相似性/差异性描述As …as比较级The same, similar, different, like/unlike关系/内容ii.否定信息/强调信息否定/最高级、绝对化表达、each /every,强调语气、强调句iii.逻辑关系改变转折iv.从结构看细节2.错项特征i.新概念ii.新逻辑（小心隐含）iii.绝对化表达only all 最高级never always（原文没有）3.例题OG 41-1*/2* 61-6* 81-1* 51-11 105-9**（逻辑关系转变）OG 43-9* 92-5* 42-7/8红Delta 213-26*蓝Delta449-10*六、修辞目的Why/in order to1.答案特征功能&对象（同义替换）2.解题思路i.例证关系：a)标记词such as, for example,e.g. –PrevailPrevailb)对称/相似结构描述同类现象，往前找答案ii.相似性/差异性：判断关系确定内容A VS B:为啥提到A: 为了B (互为目的)为啥提到A：为了告诉你B是XXX(= / 不= A)Delta:108-1 112-2 OG 92-3 60-3 iii.逻辑关系的另外一半A 细节与B细节用逻辑关系词相联，两者互为目的。
托福阅读之修辞目的题的解题思路与技巧
如何解答修辞目的题？
➢ 在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及 段落的结构（解题过程中最核心、最关键的部分）
➢ 平时可加强练习，学会分析句子之间的逻辑关系，概括文章的构架
For example:
My life of summer vacation is full of variety. During the summer vacation, I watched 5 movies. I went to the beach with my good friends. I also visited places of historic interest.
第二步：分析段落框架
➢ 分析线索：时间顺序 in the eleventh century (the astrolabe) by the early thirteenth century (the magnetic compass) beginning in the thirteenth century (new maps and the reports of sailors) in the fourteenth century (certain institutional and practical norms) by about 1400 (the key elements were in place)
选项D
longitude
The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.
第四步：分析信息，确定答案
原文中每个与选项信息相 对应的句子在段落整体框 架中的地位是怎样的？是 example？是细节？还是 段落主题？
北美项目初试题目
您好，欢迎您参加北京新东方学校国外部北美项目教师岗位竞聘！国外部北美培训项目包括托福(TOEFL), SAT, GRE, GMA T, LSAT, 托业（TOEIC）等课程。
本轮为初试，要求：1. 参加面试时请携带一份中文简历和一张一寸照片；2. 请用英文做1分钟自我介绍；3. 请根据以下阅读材料或写作材料（选择其一）准备试讲，试讲时间不超过8分钟；4. 在进行试讲时请假设台下是100名在校大学生；Section 1 Reading PassageThe livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existences of other organisms. This interdependence is sometimes subtle, sometimes obvious. Perhaps the most straight forward dependence of one species on another occurs with parasites, organisms that live on or in other living things and derive nutrients directly from them. The parasitic way of life is widespread.A multitude of microorganisms( including viruses and bacteria) and an army of invertebrates – or creatures lacking a spinal column (including crustaceans, insects, and many different types of worms ) –make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures. In the face of this onslaught, living things have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms for protecting their bodies from invasion by other organisms.Certain fungi and even some kinds of bacteria secrete substances known as antibiotics into their external environment. These substances are capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of various kinds of bacteria that also occupy the area, thereby eliminating or reducing the competition for nutrients. The same principle is used in defense against invaders in other groups of organisms. For example, when attacked by disease-causing fungi or bacteria, many kinds of plants produce chemicals that help to ward off the invaders.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)how parasites reproduce(B)how organisms react to invaders(C)how antibiotics work to cure disease(D) how the immune systems of vertebrates developed32.The word "intricate" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A)difficult(B)widespread(C)critical(D) complex33.The expression "an army" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A)an illness(B)an attack(C)a large number(D)a distinct typeSection 2 Writing TopicPresent your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.1."Artists should pay little attention to their critics. Criticism tends toundermine and constrain the artist's creativity."。
托福考试模拟试题及答案word
托福考试模拟试题及答案word一、听力部分1. 听一段对话，然后选择正确的答案。
- 问题：对话中提到了什么活动？- 选项：A. 看电影B. 参加派对C. 去图书馆- 答案：B2. 听一段讲座，然后回答以下问题。
- 问题：讲座中提到了哪些主要观点？- 答案：讲座主要讨论了环境保护的重要性以及个人在日常生活中可以采取的措施。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答相关问题。
- 短文：《城市化的影响》- 问题：城市化对环境有哪些影响？- 答案：城市化导致空气污染、水资源短缺和生物多样性的减少。
2. 阅读以下文章，然后选择正确的答案。
- 文章：《科技与教育》- 问题：科技如何改变教育？- 选项：A. 通过在线课程B. 通过提高学费C. 通过减少教师数量- 答案：A三、口语部分1. 描述你最近参加的一个活动，并解释为什么你选择参加它。
- 答案示例：我最近参加了一个环保志愿者活动，因为我对环境保护非常感兴趣，并且希望能够为保护我们的地球做出贡献。
2. 讨论你如何看待全球化对文化的影响。
- 答案示例：我认为全球化促进了不同文化之间的交流和理解，但同时也可能导致某些文化特色的丧失。
四、写作部分1. 写一篇短文，讨论科技发展对日常生活的影响。
- 答案示例：科技发展极大地方便了我们的日常生活，例如智能手机让我们随时随地都能获取信息，但同时也带来了隐私和安全问题。
2. 选择一个你感兴趣的话题，写一篇文章表达你的观点。
- 答案示例：我选择讨论教育的重要性。
教育不仅能够提高个人的生活质量，也是社会进步和发展的关键。
结束语托福考试是一个全面评估英语能力的测试，希望以上的模拟试题及答案能够帮助你更好地准备考试。
记住，持续的练习和复习是提高语言能力的关键。
祝你考试顺利！请注意，以上内容仅为模拟试题，实际的托福考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。
考生应以官方发布的考试指南为准。
《托福基础阅读讲义》课件
议论文
总结词
阐述观点、论证立场
详细描述
议论文主要通过提出观点、进行论证和反驳论点等手段，说服读者接受作者的观 点。在托福阅读中，议论文可能涉及政治、经济、社会、文化等领域，要求考生讲述故事、事件或经历
详细描述
记叙文主要通过叙述故事、事件或经历的方式，向读者传达某种情感或意义。在托福阅读中，记叙文可能涉及文 学、历史、传记等领域，要求考生理解故事情节并进行推理分析。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
提高英语阅读能力
通过托福阅读考试的训练 ，考生可以提高英语阅读 能力，增强对英文文献的 理解。
托福阅读考试评分标准
评分标准
托福阅读考试的评分标准主要根 据考生对文章的理解程度和答题 的准确性来评定，具体评分标准 可参考官方指南。
分数计算
托福阅读考试的成绩计算是根据 考生的答题数量和答题质量来综 合评定的，具体的计算方法可参 考官方指南。
段落主题句定位
关注段落的主题句，通常位于段 落的开头或结尾，以获取关键信
息。
逻辑关系定位
利用句子之间的逻辑关系，如因 果、转折、并列等，找到关键信
息。
推理判断技巧
推断作者意图
推断事实细节
通过分析文章中的信息和语气，推断 作者的意图和态度。
根据文章中的信息和逻辑关系，推断 事实的细节和具体内容。
推断文章主题
05
托福阅读备考策略
提高词汇量
总结词
积累词汇是提高阅读理解能力的关键 。
详细描述
建议考生制定一个详细的词汇计划， 每天记忆一定数量的新单词，并复习 已学过的词汇。可以通过阅读英文文 章、听力材料、英文电影和电视剧等 途径来增加词汇量。
托福阅读学术类题材文章结构段落实例分析
托福阅读学术类题材文章结构段落实例分析托福阅读文章题材众多，而其中说明文是比较高频的一种文章题材。
今日我给大家带来了托福阅读学术类题材文章结构段落实例分析。
盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读学术类题材文章结构段落实例分析托福阅读说明文结构讲解一般而言，托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象，文章的第一段是：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段，结构也很清楚：主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。
其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。
下面来看实例解析：官方真题Official-19 The Roman Armys Impact on BritainIn the wake of the Roman Empires conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.留下these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。
TOEFL新托福阅读背景知识精选5篇
TOEFL新托福阅读背景知识精选5篇新托福阅读背景知识：太空城休士顿太空城休士顿休士顿是美国的第五大都市，人类第一次登上月球的阿波罗飞船11号就在这里升空，因而使它也成为全球闻名的城镇。
这一城镇是在1836年当德克萨斯州自墨西哥获得独立时，随之而诞生。
通往墨西哥湾的休士顿港，是美国第三大港，在那里出口的棉花和石油产品，其数量占全美第一位。
自从美国国家航空太空总署NASA在近效设置太空中心以来，休士顿正在继续不断地急速发展。
阿斯托洛圆顶运动场Astrodome耗资3，100万美元，于1965年兴建完成的这一运动场是目前世界上最大的一座室内运动场，内部装有冷暖气设备。
棒球、足球、骞马，以至于马戏团表演，都可以在室内进行。
紧邻的Afterworld是一个规模极大的娱乐中心，游客可以观赏欧洲各种村落的景色，也能够欣赏各类表演。
圣哈新托古战场SanJacintoBattlefield1836年，休士顿将军为了争取德州独立，率军与墨军激战的地方。
现在已成为州立公园，纪念塔高达174公尺，可乘电梯登上塔项。
塔下是历史博物馆。
距休士顿市约26公里。
美国航空太空总署太空飞行中心NASAMannedSpacecraft因阿波罗11号在此升空而全球闻名。
美国国家航空太空总署NASA于1961年设立于休士顿东南方45公里处的克利阿湖畔。
附近有GeneralElectric和InternationalBusinessMachines等重要的电子工业企业，是名符其实的航空太空科学中心。
展览馆Exhibit Hall的一号馆中，陈列着太空飞行员使用的器具、太空食物、太空船模型、月球上采集的岩石，对一般观光客公开。
太空飞行中心内部极为辽阔，可在进入中心的问讯处索取地图，备作参考。
太空中心内也有礼品店，出售太空船模型、月球石头模型，以及阿波罗帽等。
新托福阅读背景知识：友爱之城费城费城费城是美国第四大都市，随同岁月的飞逝，与工业化的进展，费城所拥有的历史性遗产，已逐渐褪色。
托福阅读课讲义（花花整理）
托福阅读课讲义（花花整理）阅读课讲义怎样的考试和怎样的我们…….托福考试的本质探求——对”Test of English as a Foreign Language”的再认知托福到底有多难？◆习惯的说法：⾼考－>六级－>考研－>托福－>SA T－>GRE－>GMA T－>LSA T◆⽤合理的⽅式进⾏难度的评价从“OF”到“IN”◆Test OF English：“对”英语的测试●TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language)●IEL TS (International English Language Testing System)●TOEIC (Test Of English for International Communication)●CET-4 (College English Test-Band 4)●CET-6 (College English Test-Band 6)●PETS (Public English T est System)◆Test IN English：“⽤”英语的测试●GRE (Graduate Record Examination)●GMA T (Graduate Management Admission Test)●SA T (Scholastic Assessment Test)●LSA T (Law School Admission Test)●NCEE (National College Entrance Examination)●NGEE (National Graduate Entrance Examination)托福作为语⾔考试的本质◆测试考⽣对英语的综合应⽤能⼒——包括听、说、读、写的独⽴能⼒和综合能⼒；◆测试考⽣在实际的学习、⽣活过程中的语⾔应⽤能⼒——所有测试内容均与实际结合；◆考⽣的英语⽔平与分数具有直接相关性——零基础测试假设；◆包含且仅包含语⾔使⽤过程中的所有因素——词汇、句⼦、语篇、语境、交流⽅式。
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析（原TPO）
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析(原TPO)现在大家在进行托福备考时官方真题Official托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。
托福听力可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料官方真题Official模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本+题目+答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福听力备考有帮助。
官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1原文文本Deer Populations of the Puget SoundTwo species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.Nearly any kind of plant of the forest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this is fair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsher seasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensationfor not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate. Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summer down to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock, red alder, andother arboreal fodder.The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. T o keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But forthe black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period."The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer—wolves, cougar, and lynx—have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profoundreason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1题目Question 1 of 14According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.Question 2 of 14It can be inferred from the discussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditionsA. cause some deer to hibernateB. make food unavailable in the highlands for deerC. make it easier for deer to locate understory plantsD. prevent deer from migrating during the winterQuestion 3 of 14The word "inhibits " in the passage is closest in meaning toA. consists ofB. combinesC. restrictsD. establishesQuestion 4 of 14The phrase "in the same breath " in the passage is closest in meaning toA. impatientlyB. humorouslyC. continuouslyD. immediatelyQuestion 5 of 14The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?A. The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.B. Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.C. There was more game for hunting in the East of the UnitedStates than in the West.D. Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.Question 6 of 14According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?A. The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.B. Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.C. Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.D. Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.Question 7 of 14Why does the author ask readers to recall “the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer ” in the discussion of changes in the wilderness landscape?A. To provide support for the idea that habitat destruction would lead to population declineB. To compare how two species of deer caused biotic changes in the wilderness environmentC. To provide an example of a species of deer that has successfully adapted to human settlementD. To argue that some deer species must be given a protected statusQuestion 8 of 14The phrase “indefinite period ” in the passage is closest in meaning to periodA. whose end has not been determinedB. that does not begin when expectedC. that lasts only brieflyD. whose importance remains unknownQuestion 9 of 14Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information in paragraph 4?A. Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline.B. The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times.C. The cleaning of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered.D. Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have.Question 10 of 14The word “rebound ” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. declineB. recoveryC. exchangeD. movementQuestion 11 of 14Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacif ic Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to findadditional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.Question 12 of 14Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?A. A reduction in the number of predatorsB. Restrictions on huntingC. The effects of logging and fireD. Laws that protected feeding grounds of deerQuestion 13 of 14Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?There food is available and accessible throughout the winter..Question 14 of 14Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Deer in the Puget Sound area eat a wide variety of foods and migrate seasonally to find food.A.The balance of deer species in the Puget Sound region has changed over time, with the Columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer.B.Deer populations naturally fluctuate, but early settlers in the Puget Sound environment caused an overall decline in thedeer populations of the areas at that time.C.In the long term, black-tailed deer in the Puget Sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas.D.Because Puget Sound deer migrate, it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many deer are living at any one time in the western United States.E.Although it was believed that human settlement of the American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.F.Wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests may create nutritional deficiencies for deer.官方真题Official4托福阅读Passage1解析Question 1 of 14正确答案：D题目解析：以White-tailed deer做关键词定位至最后一句：The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country; it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.说白尾鹿过去是什么什么地方的，现在是什么什么地方的，也就是它们的生活环境发生了变化，所以D不再在原来的地方生活正确。
托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本： Make Textbook List Available Earlier Students always have to wait until the beginning of the semester to find out which textbooks they will need for their new courses. But since a lot of students register early for their courses, I think that the list for each course should be available immediately at the time of registration.This would give students more time to shop around to find less expensive textbooks. And it would also allow them to start work on the reading for their new courses early. Alexandra Brown 托福TPO49口语Task3听力文本： Narrator: Now listen to two students discussing the letter. Man: Hey, did you see Alexandra’s letter? Girl: Yeah, what do you think? Man: Well, it’s great. She really makes some good points, like the thing with the university bookstore is, if you buy a brand new textbook, it can be pretty expensive and they usually have only a few used textbooks around. They’re cheaper of course, but they sell out quickly. Girl: That’s true. Man: So this would give students time to look around on their own. You know, maybe they could find the books they need online, get books a few months ahead of time using the internet. Girl: I agree. Man: So this way students might be able to save a little money. Girl: Right, so what do you think about the second point, about the reading assignment? Man: I agree with that, too. It just makes a lot of sense, because things get really busy when the semester first starts and it can be hard to find time to keepup with all of the assignments, but students usually have some free time right before the start of the semester. Girl: So we’d have a good opportunity to do some preparation. Man: Exactly. 托福TPO49口语Task3题目： The man expresses his opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO49口语Task3满分范文： In the letter, Alexandra proposes the school to offer the list of textbooks needed for each course earlier. In this way, students can have more time to find cheaper textbooks and start working on their new courses early. In the conversation, the man supports her proposal. The man states that brand new textbooks are usually expensive and the used one, which are much cheaper, sell out quickly. And if the book list are available earlier, students may be able to get textbook online with less money. In addition, the man agree that at the beginning of each semester, students are often quite busy, hard to keep up with all the assignments. If they can have the textbooks earlier, they may have more time to make preparation ahead of the semester. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO49口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福阅读infer题的具体解析
托福阅读infer题的具体解析托福阅读infer题的具体解析其实，任何题型的考察都是围绕着托福阅读文章本身来的，我们只要理清了托福阅读文章的“套路〞和逻辑，完全可以根据作者的思路和风格去采取正向和逆向双重思维解决推断题。
OG上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说观点(strongly implied but not e某plicitly stated in the te某t)的理解程度，属于理解性题目。
一般来说，托福阅读infer题主要有以下三个解题步骤：1.判断题型。
我们拿到题目，看到上面四个单词中的任何一个，心中就想着这是推断题，推断题的做题宗旨是文章强烈暗示，要通过文章内容进行合理推断。
2.审清题干，原文定位。
仔细阅读题干，弄清题干内容，推断方向，带着题干核心信息到文章中准确定位。
3.推测+判断。
根据相关句进行正向或逆向的推理，最后择优而选，确定答案。
托福文章有很清晰的逻辑结构，每个自然段往往是按照TS(Topic Sentence)+SD (Supporting details)展开的，而文章多半是按Introduction + Aspects+Attitudes展开的。
只有明白了文章的写作思路才能更好更快的做对题目，作者必定是按照一定的行文顺序编排段落的，如果画一个水平轴作为事件开展的顺序，推断题是让你从这个轴上的某一个点去推测，无非就两个方向，顺着轴开展的方向或者逆着轴开展的方向。
具体来看，正向推断和事实信息题的做题方法一样，答案就是定位的句子的同义改写;逆向推断稍微复杂一点，大致分为时间和事物比照这两类。
1)两类事物比照，往往文中会出现表示比照的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas, on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。
例如官方真题Official 2中的The Origins of Cetaceans的第2题，让考生推测关于early sea otters的，回到原文中定位，会发现关键句中存在着一个unlike,说不像sea otters,想象一下早期鲸类比拟困难(not easy = difficult)，那我们逆推一下，不就是说想象早期sea otters长什么样比拟容易，正确答案中出现了not difficult,所以这道题很简单。
2023年9月托福考试试题
2023年9月托福考试试题一、听力部分（30分）（一）对话理解（15分）1. 有一段校园对话，男生在向女生抱怨他的室友总是在他学习的时候大声放音乐，问女生有什么建议。
这题的答案是女生建议男生先和室友好好沟通，告诉他自己的困扰。
解析就是在室友关系中，沟通是解决问题的第一步，很多时候大家可能没有意识到自己的行为给他人带来了不便，通过沟通能避免不必要的矛盾。
2. 还有一个对话是关于选课的，女生想选一门艺术课，但是担心作业太多会影响她的其他课程。
这题答案是男生告诉她可以去问上过这门课的学长学姐，这样能了解实际的作业量。
解析就是学长学姐有实际的上课经验，他们能提供比较准确的信息。
（二）讲座理解（15分）1. 有一个关于生物学的讲座，讲的是某种珍稀动物的栖息地保护。
问题是这种动物栖息地面临的主要威胁是什么。
答案是人类活动导致的栖息地破坏和气候变化。
解析就是人类的开发建设使得动物的生存空间不断缩小，气候变化也改变了它们栖息地的生态环境。
2. 另一个讲座是关于历史的，讲的是古代某个文明的贸易路线。
问题是这条贸易路线的重要意义。
答案是促进了不同地区文化和商品的交流。
解析就是贸易路线就像桥梁一样，连接了不同的地区，让各地的文化和商品能够相互传播。
二、阅读部分（30分）（一）文章阅读一（15分）这篇文章是关于科技对教育的影响的。
有个问题是科技给教育带来的最大改变是什么。
答案是让教育资源的获取更加便捷。
解析就是现在通过网络，学生可以在世界范围内获取各种学习资料，不再局限于本地的教育资源。
（二）文章阅读二（15分）文章是关于环境保护的，讲到了海洋污染的问题。
问题是海洋污染的主要污染源有哪些。
答案是工业废水排放、海上石油泄漏和生活垃圾倾倒。
解析就是工业生产产生大量含有污染物的废水排入海洋，海上石油开采和运输过程中可能发生泄漏，还有人们日常生活中的垃圾也会被倒入海洋。
三、写作部分（20分）题目是关于是否应该在大学校园里推广共享单车。
试讲-托福-口语-DESCRIBING+PEOPLE
•
•
Describe a person, place, object, event, or activity.
Example: Describe the person you admire most and explain why. Make a choice between two options. Example: Do you prefer to study alone or in a group? Explain why.
TOEFL iBT Speaking Overview
Section
Speaking
Content
6 speaking tasks 2 independent tasks 4 integrated tasks
Time
Total time: 20 minutes Prep time: 15─30 seconds Response time: 45─60 seconds
• Answer question completely. • Make a topic statement and support it with two main points and added detail. • Present facts in a logical order and use transitions to connect ideas. Topic Statement
9. Integrated Tasks: Responding
Narrator: “Get ready to answer the question.”
“Begin preparing after the beep.”
Make an outline using your notes. When answering,
《新托福阅读》课件
词汇积累
通过记忆单词、词组和固 定搭配，增加词汇量，提 高阅读理解能力。
同义词替换
学习并掌握同义词替换技 巧，丰富表达方式，提高 阅读流畅度。
语境中学习词汇
在具体语境中理解词汇含 义和用法，加深记忆。
熟悉题型和解题技巧
题型分析
了解托福阅读考试中不同题型的 出题方式和解题要求，做到心中
有数。
解题技巧
05
新托福阅读备考策略
提高阅读速度和效率
01
02
03
快速阅读训练
通过速读练习，提高阅读 速度和理解能力，减少阅 读过程中的回视和重读现 象。
限时阅读
在规定时间内完成阅读任 务，培养时间意识和紧迫 感，提高阅读效率。
精读与泛读结合
在精读基础上，增加泛读 练习，提高阅读广度和理 解深度。
扩大词汇量
掌握不同题型的解题技巧和方法， 如定位、筛选、推断等，提高答题 正确率。
模拟题练习
通过模拟题练习，熟悉题型和解题 技巧，提高应试能力。
多做模拟题和真题
模拟题选择
选择质量较高、难度适中的模拟 题进行练习，提高解题能力和应
试水平。
真题回顾
回顾历年托福阅读真题，了解考 试趋势和出题规律，针对性地进
行备考。
定位关键信息
找到问题中提到的关键信息和 细节，并回到原文关系，如因果关系、比较关 系等。
推断结论
根据分析出的逻辑关系，推断 出问题的答案。
排除干扰选项
排除与文章信息不符或逻辑关 系不成立的选项。
长难句理解技巧
分析句子结构
注意句子的主谓宾结构，以及从句、短语等 修饰成分。
推理题分析
总结词
推理题是一种要求考生根据文章内容进行推理判断的题型， 主要测试考生的逻辑推理能力。
托福阅读TPO2答案解析
托福阅读TPO2(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:Early Cinema托福阅读答案1-6.CBCBCD7-12.ADBAAD13.CEF托福阅读译文电影院的播放技术从最初的西洋镜形式演变为将影像投影到幽暗的影院屏幕，这一转变使得电影院大众化消费成为可能。
在通过西洋镜播放电影的年代里，人们只能通过播放仪器的一个专门设置的小窗口来看电影。
到了1894 年，托马斯•爱迪生发明的活动电影放映机公布于众，这种放映机仅适用于活动电影放映室或电影娱乐城。
它里面仅包含少量的独立播放器，每次仅允许一个顾客观看一部50 张胶卷的小短片。
第一个电影放映厅的放映机中有五台播放器。
价格是25 美分/次，（每台播放器观看价格是5 美分）。
观众们从一个播放器换到下一个播放器依次观看不同的影片（就像有名的职业拳击赛，每场都要连续进行好几轮比赛）。
这些电影播放厅是仿照留声机播放厅设计的，这也证明了爱迪生前几年的设计非常成功。
在留声机播放厅中，顾客们通过独立的耳管听取已经录制好的声音，从一台机器换到另一台听取不同演讲或音乐的录音。
电影放映室的功能与之类似。
相比之下，爱迪生对这些电影放映机（每台一千美元）的销售更感兴趣，而不是那些需要放映的电影（每部10-15 美元）。
他不愿研究投影技术，因为他认为如果研发并且销售投影机，电影放映者就只会买一台投影机而不是几台。
然而，电影放映者们期望将自己的收益最大化，他们希望能更简易地将少量电影同时放映给几百个顾客（而不是每次为一个顾客播放一次电影），每次收费25到50 美分。
在1894 年电影放映机公布的一年之后，摄影师如Louis 和Auguste Lumiere，Thomas Armat 和Charles Francis Jenkins，Orville 和WoodvilleLatham 以及爱迪生先前的助手William Dickson 将投影设备变得更加完善。
这些早期的投影机在众多场合为大众观众播放电影，如：杂技剧团、正当的影院、当地镇上的礼堂、临时的影院店面、露天游乐场和游乐园等。
托福(TOEFL)阅读技巧点拨：揭秘修辞目的题
托福(TOEFL)阅读技巧点拨：揭秘修辞目的题修辞目的题(rhetorical purpose questions)是新托福TOEFL阅读中难度较大的题型之一。
这种题型对于国内考生来说较为陌生，在考场上时间紧张的情况下考生往往不知该在文中什么地方找答案。
本文将通过对这种题型出题原理的透彻分析，为大家揭秘修辞目的题的答案应从哪儿寻找。
一、什么是修辞？首先要弄懂的问题是什么叫做修辞(rhetorical)？这里所指的修辞不同于咱们语文课上学的"比喻、拟人、排比、对偶、移情"等等，这些都是具体的修辞手法。
托福TOEFL阅读中的修辞含义更广，它包括举例子"下定义、阐述、解释、对比、反驳、强调、批评"等。
根据官方指南(official guide)英文版第三版42页的说法，这里的修辞是指"有效写作或演讲的艺术"，也就是说，某个具体信息可能是为了给某个观点举例子，下定义，或者是为了阐述、解释、对比、反驳、强调、批评某个观点。
而这里说的具体信息可能是一个词、一句话甚至是一个段落。
二、考察什么能力？如果说事实信息题是问作者给出了哪个细节或信息的话，修辞目的题则是问为什么给出某个具体信息或细节。
由此我们可以知道修辞目的题实际考察的同学们在阅读中"角色转换"的能力，也就是把自己想成是作者，揣摩作者写某个词、某句话，或某一段的意图能力。
说到这儿同学们可能会说：考试的时候我很紧张，根本没有心思把自己想成是作者，再去猜他/她当时写的时候是怎么想的，是不是这道题我就做不对了？"。
其实大可不必担心，因为作者写作是有一定的逻辑顺序在里面的，具体信息出现的位置也是有一定规律的，下面我将给大家分析一下托福TOEFL阅读文章的结构，看完这个结构大家就会对作者的写作顺序有一个较明晰的了解。
三、托福TOEFL阅读结构分析--作者写作意图的线索托福TOEFL阅读的题材多种多样，但总体而言议论文、说明文偏多，也有少数是记叙文，如名人生平等。
托福TPO23口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO23口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO23口语Task4阅读文本： Reference Groups Our thinking and behavior are often influenced by other people. When we admire and respect someone, we naturally try to imitate their behavior and attitudes. Groups of people whom we admire and whose behavior and attitudes we ten to imitate are known as reference groups. Reference groups provide a model – a frame of reference – that can shape how we think and behave. Over the course of a lifetime, we may be influenced by many different reference groups. As we grow older, or encounter new circumstances, our reference groups may change, and our attitudes and behavior may change accordingly. 托福TPO23口语Task4听力文本： Now listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class on this topic. (male professor) I have an example from my own life that illustrates this. When I first began my university studies, I became friends with a bunch of art students. They were older and fun and very creative and I thought they were really cool. And they all liked to dress really casually, in T-shirts and jeans and sneakers. That's what they wore all the time, to class, to the library, to dinner, everywhere, T-shirts and jeans and sneakers. So that's what I started wearing, too. And I fit right in, and I felt really cool.But then I graduated, moved to Chicago, and got a job. And I started working with some really bright, young people who'd already been working in the company for a few years, who were already handling major responsibilities for the company, really impressive. And sometimes some of us would get together on the weekend, maybe for a concert or a baseball game or something. And at first, I just wear a T-shirt and jeans and sneakers. That was, you know, how I was used to dressing. But I soon noticed that my co-workers preferred to dress up a little bit. The men would wear a nice pair of pants, uh, button-up shirt. The women might wear a fashionable dress and some nice shoes. They dress in clothes a lot nicer than what I was used to wearing. And I started thinking, you know, that looks really classy, really sharp. And so I started to dress the same way they did, you know, nicer, a little more formal. And, I don’t know, somehow my T-shirts and jeans and sneakers didn't seem as cool anymore. 托福TPO23口语Task4题目： Using the example from the lecture, explain how people’s behavior is affected by reference groups. 托福TPO23口语Task4满分范文： Reference group is the group of people who we admire and therefore impact on our attitude and behavior. In the lecture, the professor takes his experiences in college and in Chicago. When he was a college student, his reference group was a bunch of art students who really liked to wear T-shirts, jeans and sneakers, and this attitude influenced the professor, so the professor also thought it was cool to dress like that, and he did dress like that, too. However, when he began to work in Chicago, this changed as he met another group of young people who held major responsibilities in their company. He began to take those young people as his reference group, and of course they dressed differently, more formally, like button-up shirts, pants, and suits. So the professor no longer thought it was cool to wear T-shirts and jeans and he began to wear shirts and pants, too. (149 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO23口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
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What is particularly meaningful to anthropology is the The word it in the passage refers to realization that although the material available to a society may (A) realization to some extend limit or influence what it can do artistically, the (B) society materials by no means determine what is done. (C) extent (D) influence Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell The word others in the passage refers to pendants; others with featers that made the baskets’ surfaces as (A) masters soft as the breasts of birds. (B) baskets (C) pendants (D) surfaces
1.What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become species in earth’s history(A) They have remained basically extinct. What causes extinction? When species is no longer adapted to a changed unchanged from their original from their original forms.(B) environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.(C) They to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species.have caused rapid change in the environment.(D) They are no For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food longer in existence. resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better 2. which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?(A) Temperature adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a changes(B) Availability of food resources(C) Introduction of species.The fossile record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history new species(D) Competition among species of earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time----a mass extinction. One of the best-known 3. Why is plankton mentioned in the passage?(A) To demostrate the interdependence of different species(B) To examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was one emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species that live on the land of those that live in the ocean(D) To point died, mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment out that certain species could never become extinct. and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, 4. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossiles suggests something were to happen to destory much of the plankon in the oceans, then the that(A) extinction of species has occurred from time to time oxygen content of earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction. One interesting, throughout earth’s history(B) Extinctions on earth have generally been massive(C) there has been only one mass and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have extinction in earth’s history(D) dinosaurs became extinct much tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be easier than scientisr originally believed. due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often 5. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in paragraph 3?(A) Many scientists could be be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no expected to disagree with it.(B) Evidence to support the theory particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or has recently been found.(C) The theory is no longer seriouly considered.(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate. inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events. 6. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species’ survival?(A) It reflecs the interrelationship of many species.(B) It may depend on chance events.(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions. 7. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinctionof a species occurred (A) 26 million years ago (B) 65 million years ago (C) 225 million years ago (D) 250 million years ago