大学英语四级考试长难句精讲课程讲义

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2020年6月四级专项精讲语法讲义(学生版)何威威

四级语法应用法讲义一、什么是长难句&划分长难句的方法：1.长难句定义：2.长难句划分方法：连动切割法（摘自《考研英语语法真经》第九章）·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础，断开主句和从句。

·长难句划分的具体步骤：【第一步】断开主句和从句：通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。

）【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词：A．识别介词短语：B．识别非谓语动词：二、总结复习句子的主要成分1、主语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当主语：2、谓语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当谓语：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当表语：5、定语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当定语：6、状语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当状语：7、补足语（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当补足语：8、同位语：（1）定义：（2）位置：（3）什么可以充当同位语：二、真题实战1.选词填空I①Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture.②There’s no better example of this than killer whales. ③As one of the most __26__ predators（食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. ④However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.II①The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere,” which __29__ means “to cultivate.” ②In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. ③Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affectingwho we are. ④For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.III①Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. ②As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey（猎物）. ③This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.2.长难句例1.In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social Contribution.【参考译文】某个阶段的目标可能是获得财富成功和个人成就，另一个阶段的目标可能是更好地平衡工作与生活，若还有另一个阶段的话，其目标可能是更加充分地探索和理解各种选择，或变成独立生产商，如果还有另外一个例2.These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide Foundation for building a wide variety of skills.【参考译文】这些阶段将涵盖多个领域，将人们带到不同的城市，为培养各种各样的技能打下基础。

大学英语四六级语法真题长难句解析省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件

四六级真题长难句分析
基本构造旳长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于第二个谓语动词前
Those who stay on for an additional two years can earn a master’s degree that qualifies them as nurse practitioners or clinical nurse specialists. (CET-4, 202312 选词填空)
四六级真题长难句分析
基本构造旳长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于下一种连接词前
Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on. (CET-6, 202306长篇阅读)
四六级真题长难句分析
基本构造旳长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于标点 If it has to hire a caregiver for every two
children, it can’t really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up.
四六级真题长难句分析
基本构造旳长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于下一种连接词前
Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on. (CET-6, 202306长篇阅读)

长难句精讲班讲义(何凯文-添加讲话的核心内容)

第一部分方法论讲解阅读在句子层面的障碍：含义语序➢简单句的障碍来源只有一套谓语的句子叫做简单句基本句型：主谓i come i saw i conquer主谓宾i love you 主谓双宾i bring a book to you 主谓宾补she makes me crazy 主系表i am a ugly man✧简单句的障碍识别及处理方法四大障碍：定语状语插入语同位语定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分叫做定语技能：高职，知识：本科，思维：研究生，思想：博士前置定语：形容词性的词+名词后置定语：前置形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词现在分词过去分词｛｝名词+. 不定式〔不定代词的定语置后〕介词短语：介词+名词表语形容词：alive a cat alive定语从句〔不属于简单句范畴〕人称代词who whom which that as +非完整句关系代词物主代词whose+完整句引导词关系连词where why when how + 完整句宾语+非完整句This is the expert to whom we are turning介词+关系代词充当状语+完整句There is something by the virtue of which the man is the man定语+完整句There are a lot of problems of which the fetching freshwater is the foremost by the virtue of=by the reason ofthat与as不能接到介词后面〔in that 引导的不是定语从句，而是状语从句表示的是because〕拆分：介词之前；找指代：关系代词指代的是前面哪一个单词；定成分：介词+关系代词在句中做什么成分同位语普通同位语：A ,B A or B A of B〔正式university of qinghua〕在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分引导词that + 完整句；处理方法：删除插入语处理方法：删除状语：修饰动词〔谓语〕或形容词、定语副词介短现在分词其前面没有名词，有名词就是定语过去分词不定式独立主格处理方法：剥离〔隔离〕例1：Using techniques〔方法，技法〕first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments〔沉淀物〕and rock from the ocean floor.例2：A few art collectors James Bowdoin Ⅲof Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring 〔创造性的〕artists, and established in their respective 〔各自的〕communities社区the idea of the value art and the need for institutions〔制度〕devoted to its encouragement.➢非简单句的障碍来源：如何拆分与组合✧非简单句的障碍解决方案关联词和主句专一原则关联词：关系代词关系连词标点〔分号冒号破折号〕并列连词主句专一原则：英语主句中只有一个主句一套谓语，主句中没有关联词；n个分句就有n-1个关联词✧句子之间的关联方式：并列联词〔and , but , or , as well as ,与分号〕的用法：连接前后功能、性质、用法完全一致的成分〔对等的必须完全对等〕从后往前寻找并列成分2.嵌套：主从复合常见的复杂句形式That+完整句宾从/表从It +不及动+that+从句What+非完整句主语从句that what how why when who ……特殊的(形式主语句) It+be+形容词+that+从句主语+不及动+that+从句The sun rises that looks gorgeous 〔that引导的是非完整句则为定语从句)主语+be+形容词+that+从句The fact is true that i love you 〔that引导的是完整句则为同位语从句〕状语从句：where when because……+完整句〔要剥离，状语和状语从句在阅读时要剥离，否则要遭报应的，将同位语给删除掉，将插入语给删除掉，剩下的主谓宾是那么的可爱〕层次化句子阅读方法〔与电脑程序类似〕1.层次化结构的表示形式□□□□□□□□2.括号匹配法：保证在每个括号中都是完整的简单句〔适用于初级阶段使用〕●画左括号的条件：出现句间关联词的时候画右括号的条件：句子终结〔出现终结标点句号；后续内容与前边无关〕；出现句间并列连词Kvin is a good student 【who is studying in the BFSU 【which is a good university in china 】】Kvin ,【who is studying in the BFSU 【 which is a good university in china ,】】 is a good studentHowever , for many years , Physicists thought that 【 atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously 】 and that 【stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker . 】小结区规则描述：笔记区写作方法：例3：The history of clinical nutrition or(or 连接的同位语，后面直接删除不看，不用翻译, 直接看到谓语can be) the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras:【1 the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when 〔when 前面有名词，所以when 引导的是定语从句，when 做连词〕【2 it was recognized for the first time that 【3 food contained constituents 【4 that were essential for human function 4】3】and that 〔此that 不做成分所以和第三个that 并列〕【 different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents 〔成分〕.5】2】1】例4：The desperate plight(困境，保证) of the South has eclipsed 〔遮盖，日食〕the fact that【 reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly.(壮观地，引人注目地)括号内的副词不可能修饰括号外的动词】例5：The technique 方法〔technology 翻译为技术〕of direct carving was a break with the nineteen-century tradition in which the making of a clay 〔泥土，粘土〕 model was considered the creative act 【and the work was then turned over to studio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carved in marble.】例1.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from t he way in which workers made goods, since the 1790's, and North American entrepreneurs —even without technological improvements —had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. 例2． Tracking whales is but 〔=only 〕 one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war 〔冷战〕as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.例3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.〔泛读〕 ABCBA(有里向外面翻译：CBBAA)例4：Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart , the most obvious differences being that it is often much heavier.〔词本无意，意由境生〕〔逗号不能连接句子，是独立主格，通常在独立主格前面可以加with ，也可以省掉〕1 两个句子主语相同，保留主语，将句号变逗号，动词作如下变化am /is/are being was/were having beendo/does doing did having donebe done done2两个句子主语不同，保留主语，将动词做一上变化完整信息链法：不完整情况：英语句子中主干部分被隔离〔主谓隔离：主谓之间加入定语、同位语、插入语。

《大学英语四级精讲》课件

Writing Skills Explanation
01
Essay Writing
02
1. Thesis Statement: How to craft a clear and consensus thesis statement that summarizes the main argument of the essay
passage
Note taking
Use effective note taking techniques to capture important information during the listening
passage
A
B
C
D
Summarizing
Summarize the main idea of the listening passage to ensure comprehension
Exam diversity and pass rate
Difficulty
Due to the wide range of knowledge involved and the high requirement for practical English application ability, the difficulty is relatively high.
02
Listening comprehension lecture
Analysis of listening comprehension question types
Main idea questions
Identify the main idea or central topic of a given passage

大学英语四六级语法真题长难句解析(课堂PPT)

四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于下一个连接词前
Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mob1i7 le-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their messages out to mobile-phone users in a big way. (CET-4, 201312 选词填空)
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开 (1) 标点
(2) 连接词 7
(3) 分析主谓
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开
(1)标点
(2)连接词：从句开始于连接词，结束于？
8
(3)分析主谓 1）标点 2）下一个连接词前 3ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้第一个谓语动词前
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
大学英语四六级语法
真题应用：四六级真题长难句分析
1
四六级真题长难句分析
一、基本结构的长难句二、特殊结构的长难句
2
四六级真题长难句分析
一、基本的长难句 1.断开 2.简化
3
二、特殊结构的长难句 1.分裂结构 2.嵌套结构 3.平行结构
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
4
四六级真题长难句分析
四六级真题长难句分析
基本结构的长难句
1.断开：连接词断开，结束于标点
But this is a real-life argument before a

《长难句分析》PPT课件

理解意群
对每个意群进行单独理解，明确其含义和作用。
整合全句
将各个意群的含义整合起来，理解全句的意思。
上下文推测法
联系上下文
阅读长难句时，要联系其所在的段落和文章，理解句子的背景和
语境。
推测词义
根据上下文中的线索和提示，推测生词或短语的含义。
理解言外之意
通过上下文中的暗示和隐喻，理解句子的深层含义和作者的言外
《长难句分析》PPT课件
• 引言 • 长难句的定义与特点 • 长难句的分析方法 • 长难句的翻译技巧 • 长难句的实例分析 • 长难句的学习与提高
01
引言
目的和背景
提高学生阅读理解能力
通过分析长难句，帮助学生掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和准确性。
应对考试需求
拓展语言知识
通过长难句分析，让学生了解更多语言现象和表达方式，丰富语言知识储备。
有时候，原文中的一些词语在译文中并不需要翻译出来，可以省略不译。例如，一些重复的词语、无实际意义的词语等。
词义引申
在翻译长难句时，有时候需要根据上下文语境对词义进行引申或转换，以便更好地表达原文的意思。例如，可以将某个词汇的抽象含义转化为具体含义，或者将某个具体词汇转化为抽象含义。
05
长难句的实例分析
学习句子结构分析
掌握各种复杂句型，如并列句、复合句、倒装句等，以便正确理解句子结构和逻辑关系。
学习文化背景知识
了解不同国家的文化背景和语言表达习惯，避免文化差异造成的误解。
多做练习，熟能生巧
长难句翻译练习
选取具有代表性的长难句进行翻译练习，通过对比原文和自己的译文，找出不足并加以改进。
写作练习
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

英语四级考前辅导语法讲义

英语四级考前辅导：语法讲义第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。

最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。

2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手;胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。

(一)长难句到底难在哪里? --几句废话般的常识。

1)结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3)代词的指代关系复杂;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6)习惯搭配。

注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。

(二)长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律(按照所讲的基本方法)·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。

·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。

(三)长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。

(四)分析句子成分的详细过程1)找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语(如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句)，很长的专有名词(如机构名称)等。

这些信息需要用跳读(skip)的方法，略去不读。

在文章里，经常会出现此类文字信息，目的是为了干扰视线。

实际，没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思，因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。

做题时即使需要此类信息，利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。

例如：People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的)behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过，目光不需要在上面停留细读。

四级长难句分析讲义

长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。

长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。

长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。

理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。

1、四级难点2、攻克长难句对于四级的意义3、如何攻克一、理解长难句两个关键性问题、三个要素（一）两个关键问题1、理解不到位A．简单句Over the years, tools and technology themselves has been largely ignored by people. B．复合句The boy who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.2、表达不通顺A．主线结构顺线走a.主语从句例1、What he told me was only half-truth.例2、How he is going to do it is a secret.b．宾语从句例1、Can you hear what I say?例2、He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.C．表语从句例：One difficulty is that we don’t have money.B．定语状语往前勾a．定语例1、the course of reasoning which led him to his decision例2、things which easily escape attentionb．状语例1、Let’s take a walk in the Garden at 5 o’clock.例2、前因后果多主动例1、We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent. (先因后果)C．名词从句依序翻（二）三个要素1、词汇A．专有名词a．人名、地名、国家名、组织机构名Galileo（家里裂）Darwin Clinton Bush Pentagon b．专业术语疯牛病禽流感B．代词a．句内指代1．that的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用those），后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。

大学英语四级考试精讲班第35讲讲义

大学英语四级考试精讲班第35讲讲义篇章阅读理解篇章阅读理解一、大纲的要求：（一）《大学英语教学大纲》（修订本）对四级阅读能力的要求：1．能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章；2．掌握文章的中心大意及说明中心大意的事实和细节；3．能根据文章进行一定的分析、推理和判断；4．领会作者的观点和态度；5．阅读速度达到每分钟70个词。

（二）《大学英语四级考试大纲》对考生阅读理解能力的要求：1．掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2．了解阐明文章中心思想的事实和细节；3．能根据所读材料进行一定的推理判断；4．根据上下文判断词汇和短语具体含义；5．能理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；6．领会作者的观点和态度。

二、阅读理解的题材和体裁：无论是《大学英语教学大纲》还是《大学英语考试大纲》都没有对阅读理解的题材和体裁作明显的规定，只是提到四级阅读应是“语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章”。

这就为四级阅读的题材和体裁提供了广泛的选择范围。

一般而言，四级阅读的选材广泛，包括人物传记、社会经济、文化教育、科普知识、风士人情等。

但是，从近几年来的试题看，科普类文章占有很大的比例，其次是社会生活方面的文章，还有少量文章是关于教育、经济和文化等内容。

因此考生在平时就应该有意识地加强自己对科技、教育、文化等问题的关注。

《大学英语考试大纲》对四级阅读理解所选文章的体裁规定有“体裁可多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。

”而从历年的试题来看，占阅读理解大多数的还是议论文和说明文，记叙文，则非常少见。

三、篇章仔细阅读考点分析及常考题型：篇章仔细阅读主要是考查考生是否具备英语国家的篇章阅读习惯和篇章阅读能力——了解文章中一些具体的事实状况，以及做出一定的推理判断，从而对文章语义，作者观点态度，全文的主旨大意得出一个全面的理解的能力。

考生只有真正意识到了四级考试的仔细阅读考查实质，才能够掌握正确的解题思路及方法。

根据《大学英语教学大纲》对考生阅读能力的要求，阅读理解的题型一般可分为以下五类五类：1．主旨大意题：测试考生对文章主题及中心思想的把握能力；2．观点态度题：测试考生理解、领会作者的观点、态度及情感倾向的能力；3．事实细节题：测试考生把握阐述主题的事实和细节的能力，其内容多涉及人物、地点、原因和数字等具体的内容；4．推理判断题：测试考生根据阅读文章的表层意思推测隐含意义的能力；5．语义理解题：测试考生对阅读文章中关键词和关键句的理解能力。

大学英语四级长难句分析

1. I say you only live once and we work hard and what’sthe point if you cannot go on holiday.我说你只活一次，你不能度假，那我们这么努力的工作还有什么意义呢？2. Since money is known to be one of the things most likelyto bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.我们应该感恩，因为众所周知，钱是众多东西最有可能破坏一段关系的东西之一。

3. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believesmoney is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes,which may be different things to men and women.KS相信钱是个大事情是因为它所象征的东西，对于男人和女人而言是不同的。

4. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys werebeing failed by the British education system because ithad become too focused on girls.TL警告男生正在被英国的教育体制所毁掉，因为英国的教育体制太过于关注女生了。

5. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn bestthrough touch, and are physically more active, they needto be given “hands-on”lessons（亲手实践的） wherethey are allowed to walk around.因为男生通常而言有更敏锐的视力，通过抚摸学得更好，而且在体力上也更活跃，他们需要给予可以随意四处走动的实践课。

英语四级四级长难句

四级长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。

长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。

长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。

理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。

首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2．并列结构3．插入语4．倒装5．强调6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构2008-61．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it.2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal peo ple will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get the ir hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like.2007-124．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience.6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.2007-67. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallelno matter how much we might like to think so.8. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.9. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”10. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.11. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.12. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.13. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.14. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.15. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.16. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.2006-1217. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.18. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.19. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.20. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.21. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.22. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.23. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.24. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well”and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.25. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.26. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can havea beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2006-627. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.28. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.▲29. We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable.30. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.2006-6旧31．Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.32．Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children.33．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.34．She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance.35．The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.36．Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.2005-1237．While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.38．In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they get the job done.39. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.40. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.实战演练1．But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you cando.2.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects througha set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to addcolumns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.3.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized.4.House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” assome old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.5.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likelyto have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.6.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things,and you will therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.7.College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere witheach other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.8.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.9.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly beenunexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests.10.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.11. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.12. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.13. Scientists, like other human beings, have their hopes and fears, their passions and disappointments and their strong emotions may sometimes interrupt the course of clear thinking and sound practice.14. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.15. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.二、总结——长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。

英语四六级长难句分析精讲结构分析

英语四六级长难句分析精讲结构分析1. Many who today hear me somewhere in person , or on television , or those whoread something I've said , will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade.结构分析:本句的主要结构是 may...or those...will think...。

第一个 who 引导定语从句，修饰 many 。

第二个 who 引导定语从句，修饰those。

I've said 是定语从句，修饰 something。

I went to school far beyond the eighth grade 是宾语从句。

参考翻译:今天，许多当面或在电视上听到我讲话的人，或那些读过我的讲演稿的人会认为我的学历远远不止八年级。

2. My love for the alphabet , which endures , grew out of recitingit , but beforethat , out of seeing the letters on the page.结构分析: which endures 是非限定性定语从句，修饰 love for the alphabet 。

out ofreciting it 和 out of seeing the letters on the page是并列的两个状语，修饰主句的谓语动词 grew。

before that 是介词短语作状语。

it 代替的是alphabet，that 代替的是 reciting it。

参考翻译:我对字母表经久不减的喜爱来自于背诵它，但在那之前，则来自于看书页上的字母。

1. A body at will remain at rest and a body in motian remnins in motian at a constantspeed in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force. 结构分析:这是一个并列复合句。

大学英语四级考试精讲班第29讲讲义

大学英语四级考试精讲班第29讲讲义快速阅读快速阅读《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》关于快速阅读能力的要求是这样规定的：“能略读新闻、人物、事件等报导的主要内容，抓住其要点：能寻读有关材料，快速查找所需信息。

”大学英语四级考试快速阅读部分要求考生在15分钟内完成一篇800-1200字左右的文章，文章有大量描述性和说明解释性信息。

快速阅读理解题目分为判断题和改错题两部分，其中1-7题为是非判断题：当考生判断题目描述的信息与文章相符时选Y；当考生判断题目描述的信息与文章信息不符时选N；当考生判断题目描述的信息在文章中没有提及时选NG。

8-10题是补充填空题，填空题中所缺的词句通常是原文中出现过的词句。

(一)对篇章层面能力的考查：篇章层面能力考查的主要方式是是非判断题。

这类题目要求考生以题干关键词为导向，结合小标题或标题性词句浏览全文，快速查找并推理总结相关内容，最后对题目表述做出判断。

例如：How Is Trash Disposed of?…The United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries (United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan) in landfill disposal. The United Kingdom ranks highest, hurrying about 90 percent of its solid waste in landfills.3. Compared with other major industrialized countries, America buries a much higher percentage of itssolid waste in landfills.题干：涉及大国使用垃圾掩埋池的比率细节。

题目关键词：Major industrialized country, America, bury。

英语四级阅读理解长难句 PPT

3、多个谓语动词连用
❖ 简单句之因此简单是因为成分单一便于读者理解。而四级阅读理解中,出题人为增加阅读难度,就会把几个谓语动词放在一个句子当中。然而不管局势如何变化, 英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树,只能有一个主干起支撑作用,其他起辅助作用。
❖ 解决方法:遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。剔除细枝末节之后,句子也就好理解了。
长难句涉及的类型
5、 it的句型强调句型 It is…that 应对方法: 多训练,熟悉句式,把读到过的四级文章中的所有
的看不明白的长难句全部总结起来,摘抄到一个本子上面,翻译。当翻译到100句的时候,会发现长难句只是那么五六种。当看到101句的时候,您会马上给它归类。
❖四级长难句特点
1、主语拉长
misery lasts、
a difference in how
❖
翻译:喉咙刺痒、鼻塞和周身
疼痛都会带来痛苦,但如能分辨其
long the misery lasts、 (2005、1)
病因到底是普通感冒依然流感则能
够确定这种痛苦持续时间的长短。
4、举例作为插入语
(显著词such as; for example; including etc、) ❖ 插入语主要起补充或说明的作用,我们在进
抓住主干再解题。
The mother of the young man Wilde was intimate with accused him at the banquet of sexually influencing her son、
与王尔德有亲密关系的年轻人的母亲在宴会上指责他(王尔德)在性方面影响她的儿子。
not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but