人教版高中英语必修五Book5Unit4Grammar(倒装)

GRAMMAR

倒装

【归纳】英语中，有时出于句子结构的需要或为了强调某一句子成分，通常把谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语之前，称为倒装。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

一、完全倒装

完全倒装通常是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。常见的完全倒装的情况有：

1. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首且主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词时。如：

From the window came the beautiful sound of music.

On the table stood two glasses and an empty bottle.

2. out, in, up, down, off, here, there, now, then等副词位于句首且主语为名词时。如：

Down fell half a dozen apples.

Here comes the bus.

注意：主语为人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：

Here she comes!

3. 在there be结构中。如：

There is a man at the door who wants to see you.

4. 作表语的形容词、过去分词等位于句首且主语为名词时。如：

Present at the meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Brown, Sir Hugh and many other famous people.

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the people in the country.

二、部分倒装

部分倒装通常是把谓语的一部分（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。常见的部分倒装的情况有：

1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词hardly, never, not, little, seldom, no longer, not only, not until等

位于句首时。如：

Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.

Little did I realize I would one day be in charge of the office.

注意：

①not only ... but also ... 连接两个并列分句时，如果not only位于句首，则前一分句倒装，后一分句仍然用陈述语序。如：

Not only did he complain about the food, but he also refused to pay for it.

②not until后跟状语从句位于句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。如：

Not until she spoke did I realize she wasn’t English.

2. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如:

Only then did she realize the stress he was under.

Only in this house do I feel safe and secure.

Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.

注意：如果only修饰主语位于句首时，句子不倒装。如：

Only a few students got the answer to this question right.

3. so, neither, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如：

I like singing and so does Helen.

James didn’t attend the meeting and neither did Jane.

4. as引导让步状语从句时。此时常将表语、状语或动词提前，构成倒装。如：

Strange as it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.

Try as he might, he couldn’t open the box.

5. 在so / such ... that结构中，so或such置于句首时。此时so或such后的形容词或副词等

随之前移。如：

So much did he worry about his sister that he couldn’t sleep at night.

Such a loud voice did he speak in that even people in the next house could hear him.

注意：如果谓语动词为be时，则为完全倒装。如：

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

6. 虚拟条件句将if省略时。此时将were / had / should等提至主语前。如：

Were it not for their assistance, we wouldn’t be able to do so well.

Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.

【即学即练】

I. 将下面短文中的画线部分改写为倒装句。

I would never need to worry about the future again! There would be no need for me to borrow money from friends under any situation! Things had seldom looked so bright! But I didn’t know at the time that my luck was soon to change ...

I had hardly got the money when the shares (股份) fell quickly on the Stock Exchange (证券交易所). I had no sooner begun to enjoy my wealth than I was again reduced to my former poor

state. A line that went sharply down lay on the screen. I felt so disappointed. I waited for it to go up, but I was never again to experience that feeling of sudden luck. I realized only after many years of hard work that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________

II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。

1. On the wall ____________________ (挂着一幅齐白石的画).

2. Only when I got home ____________________ (我才意识到发生了什么).

3. ____________________ (尽管我很疲惫), I continued my work.

4. ____________________ (那位顾客不仅抱怨饭菜), he also refused to pay for it.

5. I haven’t been to France, ____________________ (吉姆也没去过).

III. 根据汉语提示，运用倒装完成以下对话并体会黑体部分的用法。

1. A:Only when I lost the game did I realize I should have taken your advice, Jim.

B: It doesn’t matter. Never will you allow it to happen again, right?

A: Sure. ____________________ (技巧是如此重要) that not until I master it completely will

I come to the game again.