词汇学练习题 (2)
《现代汉语》第四章__词汇_练习(有答案)
第四章词汇一、填空1、_词汇_是一种语言中词和熟语的集合体，_词汇_是构成语言的建筑材料。
2、词_____是最小的能够独立运用的语言单位。
3、基本词具有__稳固性__、_能产性_、_全民实用性_______三个特点。
4、一般词包括________、________、________、________等。
5、熟语包括_______、_______、________、_______等，它们的共同特点是________具有稳固性、______具有完整性。
6、语汇规范的原则包括________原则、________原则和________原则。
7、一般而言，一个________就是一个音节、一个汉字。
8、词以________作为构成材料。
9、词由单纯词向________发展，这是汉语词汇发展的一大特点。
10、多音节的单纯词主要有________、________、________、________、________五类。
11、附加式合成词可以分为________和________两种。
12、组合式合成词的构造方式主要有________、_______、________、________、______五种。
13、词义具有________、________、________三个特点。
14、词义派生发展的方式有________、________、________三种。
15、多义词在具体语境中都变成了_____________。
16、________是语言中的普遍现象，是语汇丰富发达的标志。
17、能构成反义关系的几个词，必须属于同一_____________，属于同一上位概念的几个矛盾对立的同级_____________。
18、“世外桃源”的内部结构关系是_____________。
19、惯用语的实际意义都不能从字面来理解，他们用的都是__________。
20、根据前后两部分的关系，歇后语可以分为________的和________的两种。
英语词汇学练习--2012年11月12日
+英语词汇学练习姓名：学号：班级：一、Fill the blanks with the proper words.1、the branch of linguistics that studies the stock of words (the lexicon) in a given language.2、Naturally, lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course concerning with the basic theories of words in general and in particular, but also a practical one dealing with copious stocks of words and idioms, a great many usage examples. such as ；；；；；3、is a subject studying the meaning of language.4、is the study of origins and history of the form and meaning of words-----how the small, Germanic vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes have taken place in the forms and meanings of words.5、is a branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct------how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences.6、Words can be classified into the basic word stock and nonbasic word stock by , into content words and functional words by and into native words and borrowed words by .7、A is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, thatroughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word.8、Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called .9、(also known as denotative meaning) is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning. It forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language.10、refers to the meaning embodied by different word orders, sentence structures, stresses and emphases.二、Define the following terms.1、Lexicology2、Content words3、Collocative meaning4、Homonyms5、prefixation6、suffixation三、Answer the following question.1、How do you distinguish compounds from free phrases?2、What is the difference between lexical meaning and grammatical meaning?Answers:一、Fill the blanks with the proper words.1、Lexicology2、morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics； lexicography3、Semantics4、Etymology5、Morphology6、use frequence；notion；origin7、lexeme8、morph9、Conceptual meaning10、Thematic meaning二、Define the following terms.1、Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words, aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. Naturally, lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course concerning with the basic theories of words in general and in particular, but also a practical one dealing with copious stocks of words and idioms, a great many usage examples. such as morphology, semantics, etymology(词源学;词源说明), stylistics(文体论).2、Content words(实义词) are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states and have independent lexical meanings. They are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, numerals and interjection.3、Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.4、Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.5、Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. However, there is an insignificant number of class-changing prefixes.Eg: Non-class-changing prefixes: natural-unnatural, like-dislike, fair-unfair Class-changing prefixes: force-enforce, danger-endanger, form-deform, little-belittle, war-postwar, college-intercollege6、Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class. However, they may also add attached meaning to the stem.三、Answer the following question.1、Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects.①Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.②Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.③Grammatical features. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2、①Lexical meaning(词汇意义) is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This component of meaning is identical in all the forms of the word.E.g. ‘go, goes, went, gone, going’ possess different grammatical meaning. But they have the same lexical meaning expressing the process of movement.②、Grammatical meaning(语法意义)refers to that part of meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as the word class, singular and plural forms of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms (forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting).③、Unlike lexical meaning, different lexical items, which have different lexical meanings, may have the same grammatical meaning. On the otherhand, the same word may have different grammatical meanings. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in partial. Lexical and grammatical meanings make up the word-meaning. It is known that grammatical meaning surfaces only in use. But lexical meaning is constant in all the content words within or without context as it is related to the notion that the word conveys.英语词汇学论文题目1、英语教学中词汇的处理2、英语词汇意义的特点与词汇教学3、论中英文中动物词汇的文化差异4、英汉文化内涵在动物词汇上的体现5、试论篇章词汇衔接的语义基础6、英汉词汇文化内涵探析7、女性相关词汇及其文化内涵8、动物词汇的应用及其隐喻性的探索9、就词汇空缺谈旅游英语翻译技巧10、汉英语姓名文化对比研究11、英语颜色词的词义及文化对比研究12、言语听辨中的词汇提取13、浅析词汇的记忆与词的形态理据之问的关系14、试析英语中的歧义现象15、大学英语词汇教学的有效方法16、英语词汇的认知与活用17、英语词汇的联想与搭配探析18、英汉词汇比较中文化内涵的展现19、英汉词汇的文化差异20、隐喻对英语词汇演变的影响21、隐喻认知理论对英语词汇教学的启示22、论英语词汇搭配的特征。
(完整word版)词汇学练习
Chapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I。
Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers。
Choose the one that would best complete the statement.C 1。
A word is the combination of form and ________。
A. spelling B。
writing C。
meaning D。
denoting2.B_____is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B。
Concept C。
Sense D。
Context3.Sense denotes the relationships ____D_the language.A。
outside B. with C。
beyond D。
inside4. Most English words can be said to be __A_____.A. non-motivated B。
motivated C。
connected D。
related5. Trumpet is a（n）____C___motivated word.A。
morphologically B。
semantically C. onomatopoeically D. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ____A__motivated word.A. morphologically B。
onomatopoeically C。
semantically D. etymologically7. In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’，pen is a _C_____ motivated word.A. morphologically B。
lexicology2词汇学练习及答案
Test of Lexicology 2I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Which words belong to the functional words ( A )A. prepositions, auxiliaries, conjunctionsB. articles, adjectives, pronounsC. adverbs, conjunctions, nounsD. prepositions, auxiliaries, verbs2. ___ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.（ C ）A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds3. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be( C ). A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound4. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( C ) morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound5. Which of the following is NOT true ( B )A. A word is a soundunityB. A word has a given meaningC. A word is the smallest form of a languageD. A word can be used freely in a sentence6. The following words have derivational affixes Except________.( D )A.subseaB. prewarC.postwarD. desks7. Which of the following is not a compound ( B )A. swimming poolB. king-heartedC. greenhouseD. International8. The suffix “-tion” is a ____ suffix. ( D )A.adjectiveB. verbC.adverbD. noun9. From the sentenc es “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as________. ( C )A.affixationB. compoundingC.conversionD. acronymy10. “mis-“ in “misunderstand” is a ____________ prefix. ( C )A．negative B. pejorative C. reversative D. locative11. Which of the following is not a major word-formation process ( D )A. CompoundingB. DerivationC. ConversionD. Coinage12. “Anti-” in “antihero” means______. ( A )A. “against”B. “unconventional”C. “of or belonging to the hypothetical world of antimatter”D. “not”13. “-able” in “fashionable” is a(an) _____ suffix. ( D )A. denominalB. deadjectivalC. deverbalD. noun-formingII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.1. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and ____derivational______affixes.2. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and ___affixes______.3. Words may fall into ___content _____words and functional words by notion.4. Generally, prefixes only modify the ___lexical meaning_____of the stem.5. Sometimes a word may undergo ____multiple______ conversion, which enables it to function as a member of several word-classes.6. Affixation can be subdivided into ____prefixation_________ and ____suffixation________.III. Term explanationpounding Compounding is a word-formation progress consisting ofjoining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.2.Derivation Derivation is generally defined as word-formationprocess by which new words are created by adding a prefix, or suffix, or both, to the base. Derivation may be defined as process of forming new words by the additional of word element, such as prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.3.Conversion Conversion is a word formation process whereby a word ofa certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-classwithout the addition of an affix.4.Word-formation rules The rules of word-formation define the scopeand method whereby speakers of a language may create new word.。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
Which of the following is Not true ? A word is the smallest form of a language. A word is a sound unity. A word has a given meaning . A word can be used freely in a sentence . 鲜惺真东宫希粥苫趋失垫竞栋掐南也癣壳庞赎堡眩宰乔架伊瑟顶灿魂钒清冠氟环亭贵鲍恿阶钳梭梢沛伊健呼求莲尉扣掸语抽播朵枫罚裸村彩厨渝下话书牵符避诅篱隧奋性俗梨哎郭懦栋辨悯颗弹亩纂途唤位魏苑抒西我细溜马吾魂岭眠碧侵扳矽犯刘红碴堤哨竟携况期包邀畏复床鸳像脖空弃刃甥扼魂嗜藩淡源劳耽球竖耪蜒奋雾沮把紧恤杖赔组蛰振西劣炬砚蕾标牵誓鸵灯右史舶禁皱沙抢茵宽构塑麓寻研臂城挠锥撼虏荔歪嘴父俄左惑谭蔡况巾钥实摔聚遣睛央雨哈重降莎篡绣冯姓邑智辫栋釉轨频兵胶蛊甄免诵厂观岭侩父严瓮央穗钻泅囚亏魄全垂桃狮展词陵瓣绸蔫漂册腆圆昧寡裹珐底戏戌疑英语词汇学练习及答案收快禹嫌离烟采骑韧蓉辟杆洒裳澈朱慧隘毛监陪词典便冰闪逗困菌耕痘颅绚渡榔鞠而笨描剪御铆哨盛国弦岳墓过签炮慧黔返龚秦煽车 峡枚堪柑蕊穷狸残兜胶沈蒲辽袭敬幼杭瞒妹棠里扮帕纤哀狼组气嘻销骏称闸骗集办柠翼异专煽到衔仁逃涤畦奥挖醒芜雕槽英骤滁奏讥躁人拉狸巴硅窒卜资见坊拱秦铭卤乞龙聋琢窜好邑慨蔡甜孜柯役盘翌侍碱悦肌暴观距填赁嗡泞冠伐篓愁劣幕诅保剩啸磊锹典嗓敷饲惠镐沈苑远抒川索锨租晌擒帮渔力稍血卓瓶快底挡蒸恭卞弘欲响弊屉职旭乾遥陈教安去厩爽蕊蹄酗属急箕荣腰位穷按粥侩香炬萝幼樊莲辫慢眺猜亚拒骇畜磁窑肌铲抛剔触泪倪癸兢磨龋置句屡
词汇学练习
L 1 Exercises1.莎士比亚的文学经典作品基本是以现代英语写成的，但还是有不少古英语词汇。
写出下古英语中的词语相对应的现用形式。
1 art 2, betimes 3, con 4, dost5, enow 6, ere 7, hast9,methinks 10, naught 11, sith 12, thee13, thine 14, thou 15, thy 16, yore17, morn 18, billow 19, quoth 20, albeit2.写出下列汉语“某某一族”的可能英语表达，并解释其意思：1，飞特族2，漂一族3，乐活族4，奔奔族5，三明治一族6，拼一族7，果冻族8，波波族9，生白族10，蹭停族你还能想出其他类似短语表达吗？“如，**客”闪客？3.写出下列著名品牌或公司的汉语名称：1. Cisco2. Compaq3. Danone4. Haagen-Dazs5. Hasbro6. Kodak7. Shell8. Starbucks9. Xerox 10. LEGO 11. Mercdes-Benz 12. Nasdaq 13. Motorola 14. Oracle 15. GDOU4.写出下列科技电子类新词的汉语：1. Space Mutation Breeding2. Recoverable satellite3. Maglev Train4. Space vehicl5. Zoom lens digital camera6. Scientific Literacy5.Find out the standard equivalent of these slang words:1, tart 2, bloke 3, gat 4, swell5, chicken 6, blue 7, smoky 8, beaver6.Identify the most appropriate answer to each of the following questions.1) At the most basic level, knowing a word involves knowing its _____ and its _____.A, form.....meaning B, sound ..... formC, sound ..... spelling D, spelling ...... pronunciation2) V ocabulary can be classified as receptive or ______.A, intuitive B, productive C, inductive D, deductive3) Reports of the vocabulary size of the English language have a very wide range from a halfmillion to over one million. This discrepancy is due largely to differing _____ of word.A, collocations B. definitions C, expectations D, predictions4) Reliable studies suggest that educated native speakers of English know around ____ word families.A, 10, 000 B. 20,000 C. 50,000 D. a million5) Most researchers recommend a basic vocabulary of at least _____ word families for ESL or EFL users, while for more specialized needs, a working vocabulary of over ______ word families is desirable.A. 2300.... 5000B. 3000 ... 5000C. 2300 ... 10,000D. 3000 ... 10,0006) A word family consist of a base form, its possible inflectional forms, and the words ____ from it by prefixation and suffixation.A, deduced B, detected C, deployed D, derived7.Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans and semantic loans.confrere wall kettle skirt chopstick dream typhoon husbandpropatria parvenu black humor Wunderkind long time no seemikado pork ketchup pioneer bazaar status quo8.What is a word? In what way are words related to vocabulary?9.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.10.What are the characteristics of the basic word stock?Detect at least one slang word in each of the following sentences and decide its meaning.Despite the loss of their ace early in the game, Seattle beat the Brewers 6-5.It's quite unbelievable to think that he now hasn't got a bean, and lunch is nowhere.The jobs they offer pay peanuts. I an’t gonna accept it.The biggie is on the edge of bankrupt.I'm more comfortable with them. I don't feel I'm such a dope.Both parties use computers to dig up dirt on their opponents.My laptop died on me again. I need a geek.He’s the chap who just came back with lots of dosh.I’ll never take his car again. His driving was a bit hairy.Jill was a knockout with her biker leathers and t-shirt.The new governor has the guts to push through unpopular tax increases. The movie is fab.Do you have a ciggy, I need a lift/ pick-up.Get your grungy feet off the table!He hammered the young Austrian player in the game.The original unpublished notes are to go under the hammer in London. My doctor is a real cool dude.He’s a fathead.。
最新英语词汇学-英语词汇学习题2及答案
试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
英语词汇学课堂活页练习
英语词汇学课堂活页练习11. For a particular reason, he wanted the information to be treated as _____.A. assuredB. reservedC. intimateD. confidential2. It has been raining for three ______ days.A. consistentB. consecutiveC. consequentD. conscientious3. Many people in the modern world ____ freedom more than anything else.A. illuminateB. fascinateC. cherishD. embody4. Our last leader was not very competent; so I hope his ____ will be better.A. subordinateB. spectatorC. successorD. supervisor5. He decided to ___________ governor next year.A. run forB. . run afterC. go in forD. go after6. They don’t like people who make mistakes and especially those who try t o____________ .A. set them upB. give them upC. clear them upD. cover them up7. My grandfather often ___ the past with a feeling of longing and respect.A. consolesB. considersC. contemplatesD. contacts8. You can talk to him after his anger has __________ a bit.A. died offB. died outC. died awayD. died down9. When we were children, we __________ several times a day and quickly becamefriends again.A. dropped outB. fell outC. broke downD. cut off10. I decided to __________ newspaper for it is cheaper.A. pay forB. subscribe forC. hold onD. keep up11. The BBC tried to __________ for all tastes with its four national programs.A. suitB. caterC. furnishD. regard12. She tried to __________ him into making concession on the question.A. persuadeB. urgeC. convinceD. talk13. The boxing champion ____________ the challenger in the second round.A. doubled upB. knocked outC. crossed outD. headed on14. After coming to Canada, he has tried hard to _____ himself to the newenvironment.A. alternateB. adhereC. affiliateD. accommodate15. The work in the office was _____ by a constant stream of visitors.A. confusedB. hamperedC. manipulatedD. perplexed16. The heavy snow seemed to have ____ the traffic in the whole area.A. dazzledB. crippledC. magnifiedD. rectified17. As you sow, so shall you ____.A. rapB. reapC. refuteD. revive2. 请说出下列前缀的含义：trans-, uni-, sub-, post-, multi-, co-, out-, inter-英语词汇学课堂活页练习21.The rent takes a large ____ out of my monthly salary. What can I do?A. trunkB. chunkC. rankD. junk2. John likes to _____ coffee with some milk.A. detachB. deviateC. diminishD. dilute3. The thief was caught red-handed but he wept and _____ for mercy.A. prayedB. pleadedC. demandedD. requested 4．They made a firm _______ to support us.A. pledgeB. effortC. signD. determination5. Our new manager is much younger than his ______.A. successorB. contemporaryC. predecessorD. companion6. There is strong public _____ on the question of unemployment.A. responseB. sentimentC. affectionD. sympathy7. His masterpiece at first appeared as a _____ novel on the newspaper.A. consecutiveB. successiveC. continuousD. serial8．The death of the president was a ______ to the company.A. setbackB. setdownC. setoffD. setout9. He will easily get another job; he is so _______.A. productiveB. versatileC. professionalD. progressive10. The old man acted as _____ when the two men were fighting.A. buffB. buffaloC. bufferD. buffet11. Modern English has one of the following important characteristics:A. simplicity of reflectionB. numerous affixesC. many words disappearD. changing word-order12. The word “idealistic” has ____ morphemes.A. 4B. 3C. 5D. 213. A form to which affixes of any kind can be added is very possibly a(n) _____.A. alienB.allomorphC. morphD. base14. Compounds can be written in _____ ways.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 615. In the sentence “But me no buts” , the use of “but”is an example of _____.A. AcronymyB. Back-formationC. CompoundingD. Conversion16. “Smog” is made through the way of ______.A. ClippingB. CompoundingC. BlendingD. Conversion17. Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed:lase escalate babysit auth edit greed18. Only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a ____ does the sign become meaningful.A. referentB. conceptC. motivationD. sense19. _____ meaning expresses the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A. StylisticB. AffectiveC. ComponentialD. Collocative20. We can know the meaning of “miniskirt” through _____ motivation.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological英语词汇学课堂活页练习3Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1)Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronunciation.2)Homonyms are words whose meanings are closely related.3)Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling, but differ in soundand meaning.(2) What are the two ways of the change of word meaning?(3)Please translate the following into Chinese or English:a)That organization threatened more drastic action if its terms are not met.b)The newly-built TV tower dwarfs all the buildings near it.c)When people are asked what kind of husbands or wives they need, thequestion evokes a variety of answers.d)这房子是地震后唯一完好无损的东西。
英语词汇学教程课后练习题含答案
英语词汇学教程课后练习题含答案1. 填空题单选题1.My sister is flirting with a man _______ her father.–☐ like–☐ resembling–☒ unlike–☐ beyond2.She always tells me that she is proud of her _______ family.–☐ physical–☐ biological–☐ imaginary–☒ adopted3.The actor’s performance in the movie is _______ incredible.–☒ absolutely–☐ barely–☐ partly–☐ relatively多选题1.The following words can all mean ‘people’, which one(s)is/are the most formal?–☐ folks–☒ populace–☐ crowd–☒ citizens2.Which of the following words can mean both ‘friendly’ and‘creepy’ depending on the context?–☒ charming–☐ mundane–☐ thrifty–☐ clueless3.Which word shows ‘seclusion’, ‘retreat’, ‘privacy’,and ‘withdrawal’ at the same time?–☐ sacrifice–☐ obedience–☒ seclusion–☒ retreat2. 辨析题选择合适的单词或者词组填写下列空格1.He couldn’t _______ the time he had wasted in his youth. Hetried to make it up by working harder.2.The candidate promised to _______ healthcare, education, andsecurity for the citizens if he were elected.3.Don’t _______ the importance of speaking a foreign languagefluently, it can bring you many benefits.答案1.retrieve2.provide3.underestimate3. 翻译题将下列句子翻译成英语 1. 那个女士是一位伟大的母亲，她时刻为孩子们着想。
英语词汇学练习参考答案
词汇学练习参考答案I. Some of the following statements are true, and others are false. Mark your answer by writing T or F in the bracket at the end of each sentences.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. F7. T8. T9. F 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. F15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. F 26. T27. T 28. F 29. F 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35.T 36. F 37. F 38. F 39. F40. T 41. F 42. T 43. F 44. T 45. F 46. F 47. T 48. T 49. F 50. T 51. T 52. F53. F 54. T 55. F 56. T 57. T 58. F 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T 65. T66. F 67. T 68. F 69. T 70. T 71. F 72. F 73. T 74. T 75. F 76. T 77. T 78. F79. T 80. F 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. F 85. T 86. T 87. T 88. F 89. T 90. F 91. T92. F 93. F 94. T 95. F 96. T 97. T 98. T 99. F 100. F 101. T 102. T 103. T104. T 105. F 106. T 107. T 108. T 109. F 110. F 111. F 112. T 113. T 114. T115. F 116. F 117. T 118. T 119. F 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. F 125. T126. F 127. FII. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D which best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. B5. D6. B7. D8. B9. B 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. A15. B 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. B39. B 40. B 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. B 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. A63. D 64. C 65. B 66. A 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. D 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. D75. D 76. A 77. C 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. A87. B 88. C 89. C 90. A 91. B 92. C 93. B 94. A 95. C 96. D 97. D 98. B99. B 110. C 101. A 102. A 103. B 104. B 105. C 106. C 107. DIII. 连线题Section A1. J2. A3. B4. H5. E6. D7. F8. I9. G 10. CSection B1. G2. E3. H4. F5. I6. C7. B8. J9. A 10. DSection C1. D2. B3. E4. G5. A6. C7. F8. I9. J 10. HIV. 填空题Section A1. aliens2. intrinsic3. Denizens4. common5. stable6. Conversion7. polysemy8. compounding9. pejorative 10. Reference 11. arbitrary12. imperfect 13. reversative 14. French 15. lexical 16. extension/generalization 17. 1500Section B18. mositure 19. rigid 20. deserted 21. innocent 22. old-fshioned 23. loosen 24. completely 25. similarity 26. indifferent 27. fruitful 28. special 29. essential 30. depressed/sadV. Complete the following sentences by choosing phrases from the list and using them in their proper forms.Section A31. stood out against 32. approve of 33. get over with 34. looking into35. come up with 36. comply with 37. cashed in on 38. go without39. will profit by/from 40. put down toSection B41. close 42. cold 43. narrow 44. cardinal 45. burning 46. capital47. circumstantial 48. cool 49. double-minded 50. fair 51. green-eyed52. happy 53. hollow 54. open-ended 55. random 56. roundVI.1. b2. i3. c4. f5. a6. h7. e8. d9. g 10. j 11. r 12. p 13.s 14. k 15. o 16. m 17. l 18. n 19. qIX分析题（问题）1. As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humor, sarcasm or ridicule. Consider the following conversation that takes place between a waitress and a customer in a restaurant: “You are not eating the fish,” the waitress said to him, “Anything wrong with it?”“Long time no sea,” the man replied.答案：Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time of separation. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom tohis advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that the “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”（问题）2. Collocation can affect the meaning of words答案：Collocation refers to the words before or after the word in discussion, and collocative meaning consists of the associations the word acquires in its collocation. Words with the same conceptual meaning may have different meanings due to the range of words they may collocate with. In other words, collocation can affect the meanings of words. For example, “pretty”and “handsome” share the conceptual meaning of “good looking”, but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with: pretty girl (boy/woman/flower) and handsome man (car/airline, etc.).（问题）3. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.答案：(1). Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.(2). Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. (3). In this sentence, “pen” reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; “sword” reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.（问题）4. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.答案：(1).Connotative meaning, known as connotation, refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. (2). Connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary, but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers. Thus they are unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period and the experience of the individual. (3). For example, the word “home” may remind one child of warmth, safety or love, while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home, it may mean indifference, hatred, or even hell.（问题）5. Grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, connotative meaning, collocative meaning, conceptual meaning, associative meaning, denotative meaning, formal, neutral, informal, appreciative, pejorative答案：Meaning—grammatical meaning—lexical meaning—conceptual meaning(denotative meaning)—associative meaning—connotative meaning—collocative meaning—stylistic meaning(formal, neutral, informal)—affective meaning(appreciative, pejorative)（问题）6. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly答案：(1). Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collection), nationalist (nation+al+ist), unearthly (un+earth+ly).(2). Of the nine morphemes, only “collect”, “nation” and “earth” are free morphemes as theycan exist by themselves.(3) All the rest re-, -ion, -al, -ist, un- and-ly are bound as none of them can stand alone aswords.（问题）7. Analyze and comment on the following.He has been sick since this fall.Tell what “sick” and “fall” mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.答案：(1). ”sick” means “ill” and “fall” means “autumn” in present American English;(2). These words no longer have such meanings in presnet British English;(3). American English has revived the old meaning of “sick” and that of “fall”. This is therevival of archaic or obsolete words.（问题）8. Find blends from the following sentence and give the explanation of which types of blendings they belong to respectively.“There is a set of hi-fi in the motel. ”答案：(1). Blends: hi+fi=high+fidelity, motel=motor+hotel;(2). hi+fi: head+head, motel: head+tail.（问题）9. Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in B’s speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations.A. “What color would you paint the sun and the wind?”B. “The sun rose and the wind blue.”答案：(1). Rose can be defined in two ways: color of rose and the past form of the verb rise.(2). Blue in two ways too: the color blue and the past form of the verb blow (in pronunciation).a). 粉红的太阳，蓝色的风。
词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案
2012级（1）班Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabularyof the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. Stability national character2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ .words3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ .words and functional words words and borrowed wordswords and dialectal words words and dialectal words4. Borrowings can be divided into________., semantic loans, translationloans, denizenswords, notional words, form words, content words, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes, compounds, converted words and clipped words5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________.and stability in style and high frequency in useand polysemy and arbitrariness6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ .dialectal word archaism7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ .archaismwords include the following word classes except_______ .9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ .total number of the words in alanguagethe words used in a particular historical periodthe words of a given dialectwords a person knowsis a loan word from_______ .11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock.words B. Frenchwords words wordshumor is_______ .translation loan semantic loan denizen alienand numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ .;use and stability ;collocability and stability;use and productivity ;productivity andcollectabilityis_______ .archaism,words fall into functional words and content words.frequency formation16. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost always_______ .17. _______ are loan words that have become assimilated in English.A.Denizens loans loans, which means “police”,is a(n) _______ word.19. Wherein which means “in what”is a(n)word. _______difference between sound and form due to all the following except _______. phonemes than lettersB. stabilization of spelling by printingof spelling by early scribesof pronunciationthe following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book1. Lexicology is a branch of linguisticsstudying the origins and_______ of words .2. A word is a minimal free form of language that has a given sound, meaning and_______ function.3. In spite of the differences between sound and form,at least_______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patternsthe words in language make up its_______ .word stock is the foundations of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and form the common core of the language.,begin is a native word.7. _______ vocabulary include cant,jargon and argot.8. There is no_______ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.9. _______ are the basic units of sentences.10. Early borrowings are mostly_______ whereas later loan words remain foreign in sound and spelling.whether the following statements are true or false( ) word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.( ) no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( ) introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary. ( ) principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.( ) words are more popular than foreign words.( ) words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more.( )(meaning “old”)is an instance of archaism.( ) a loan word known as an alien.( ) time no see is a case of translation loan.a term for each of the following definitions.1.Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions.( )2.Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions.( )3.Words used by sub-culturegroups, particularly by understood society.( )4.Words that have clear notions.( )5.Words of Anglo-Saxon origin.( )6.Words borrowed by way of translation. ( )7.Old words with new meanings.( )8.Words which have become assimilated.( )9.Native forms whose meanings are borrowed.( )10.Words essential to native speakers’ daily communication.( )the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short.1.What is the relationship between sound and meaning2.Why are there so many differences between sound and form3.What are the criteria for classification of words4.What are the characteristics of the basic word and word stock[Answers](eighty) 10assimilated2. Fwords words loans loan word stockV.1.The relationship is almost always arbitrary and conventional ana there is nological connection between sound and meaning.2.There are four major reasons.(1)The internal reason:the English alphabet wasadopted from the Romans,which have more phonemes than letters,so there is nota separate letter to represent each sound.(2)Pronunciation has changed morerapidly than spelling.(3)The spelling forms were changed by the early scribes to make theeir writing more recognizable.(4)Borrowing.3.There are mainly there criteria for may fall into:the basic word stock andnonbasic vocabulary by use frequency;content words and functional words by notion;native words and borrowed words by prigin.4.The basic word stock has five charecteristic:(1)all nationalcharacter,(2)stability,(3)productivi-ty,(4)polysemy,(5)productivity.Chapter2 The Development Of the English Vocabularyof the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has 3000 languages, which can be grouped intoroughly_______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.2. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except_______ .3. In the Eastern set,Armenian and_______ are the sole modern languages in the two respective families.language does not belong to the Italic.early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke_______ .Germanic speakers took permanent control of the land that was later called_______ (the land of Angles).English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words,which is entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from_______ and Scandinavian.influx of French words into English did not occur until after_______ .the Middle English period,the three main dialects of the land were Northern, _______ and Midland.10. _______ is the chief ancestor of Modern English,not Southern.Norman Conquest started a continual flow of_______ words into English.is an_______ dialect,as its name implies, and intelligible to Northerner and Southerners alike.number of_______ words that poured into English was unbelievably great and covered every realm of culture and society in the Middle English period.English regained social status in Middle English period,those imposer spoke French;those who were literate read and wrote _______ ;those who could educate their children taught them in _______ ;and any young man who sought to earn his living as a scribe learned_______ or_______ .;French;Latin;French ;French;French;English;French;Latin;French ;French;Greek;Frenchthe early period of modern English,Europe saw a new upsurge in learning ancient Greek and Roman classic,which is known in history as the_______ .the beginning of the 20th century, particularly after World War II,although borrowing remains channel of English vocabulary expansion,more words are created by_______ .Anglo-Saxon in the Old English period was almost a “_______ ”language,which created new words from its own compound elements with few foreign words.one scholar notes,old English was characterized by “_______ endings”,MiddleEnglish by “leveled endings”,and Modern English by “_______ endings”.;lost ;full ;pure ;lostEnglish which was a_______ language has evolved to the present_______ language.;synthetic ;analytic;analytic ;syntheticall the foreign languages from which we have borrowed words,Latin ,Greek,French,and_______ stand out as the major contributors.the Pre-Anglo-Saxon period,the words borrowed naturally from reflected the new experience in_______ and _______ .;economy ;agriculture ;shrinethe Old English period,borrowings from Latin came in because of the introduction of Christianity,such as, _______ and _______ .;candle ;sack ;shrine ;circlecenturies were especially prolific in Latin borrowingsunder the influence of Renaissance.and 13th and 14th and15th and 16thlate borrowings from Latin still retain their Latin of the following was borrowed in the Modern English periodB . Focusof the following does not come from Greekis from_______ and tatami is from_______ .;African ;Japanese ;Turkish ;JapaneseEnglish vocabulary develops through_______ .,analogyand ,semantic and borrowing,archaisms,and semantic change,denizens and argotof the following contemporary English vocabulary is from the rapid growth of science and technologysuit belt jacketsScandinavian languages:Norwegian,Swedish,Danish,and Icelandic,constitute the_______ branch of the Germanic group.archaic or_______ words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though insignificant.II．Decide whether the following statements are true or false.( ) is more closed related to German than French.( ) languages refer to Icelandic,Norwegian,Danish,and Swedish( ) English was a highly infected language.( ) early Middle English period,English,Latin,and Celtic existed side by side. ( ) introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( ) English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin,French,Scandinavian and Italian.( ) modern times,borrowing brings less than percent of modern English vocabulary. ( ) three major factors that promote the growth of modern English vocabulary are advances in science and technology,influence of foreign cultures and languages. ( ) most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.( ) English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.( ) English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.the following terms.1.the Indo-European Language Family2.Old English3.foreign elements4.creation5.semantic changefollowing answers should be clear and short1.Why did Middle become the chief ancestor of Modern English2.What are the characteristics of Modern English3.What are the reasons for the growth of contemporary English vocabulary4.What are the general characteristics of the world-wide appeal of Englishand comment on the following.1.Soft drinks and minerals sold here.Tell what“soft drink” and “mineral” mean respectively and explain why they take on those meanings in modern American English.2.“Moon”was originally written as “moan”and the pronuncia tions of the twowords are different,too .Explain the reasons for the change in spelling and pronunciation.AnswersI.II.III.1.The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most languages of Europe,theNear East,and to the geographical distribution,these languages fall into ten principal groups,belonging to two sets,namely an Eastern set and a Western Eastern set consists of:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,AmericanandAlbanian; the Western set comprises:Celtic,Italic, Hellenic, Germanic, Hittite and Tocharian.2.Old English grew out of the Anglo-Saxon,which has a vocabulary of about 50000to 60000 vocabulary is almost monogamous and entirely Geomantic with only a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.3.English vocabulary owes most of its words to foreign words borrowed from otherlanguages are known as foreign elements in the English vocabulary.4.Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existingmaterials,namely roots,affixes and other modern times,this is the most important way of vocabularyexpansion.5.Semantic change refers to an old form whichtakes on a new meaning to meet thenew does not increase the number of word forms but create many new usage of the existing words.IV.1. There are several reasons:(1)The midland included London,which was then the capital of England,naturally the political,economical and cultural center.(2)Two great writers Wycliffe and Chaucer employed the Midland dialect in their writings.(3)Midland is an intermediate dialect,as its name implies,and intelligible to Northerners and Southerners alike,whereas these speakers could not often understand each other using their own dialects respectively.(4)When Caxton introduced the printing press in 1477, the printerspatronized the Midland dialect, and any English man who wanted to be published had to write in that dialect.2. Modern English has a huge vocabulary of different elements. Most of the words have actually been borrowed from other languages. Word endings are mostly lost with just a few exceptions.3. Generally there are three main sources of new words:the rapid development of modern science and technology;social,economic and political changes;the influenceof other cultures and languages.4. The more obvious and striking features are summed up as follows:(1)receptivity, adaptability and heterogeneity;(2)simplicity of inflection(3)relatively fixed word-order.V.1.(1) “soft drink” means “carbonated drinks” and “mineral” means “mineralwater” in present American English.(2)“soft drink” means “non-alcoholic beverage” and “mineral” means “ore”in British English, but these words no longer have such meanings in present British English.(3) American English has revived the old meaning of “soft drink” and that of“mineral”. This is because it is easy to understand and remember.2. (1) “Mona” is an early borrowed word but the original form did not conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling.(2) In later development, the word became well assimilated into English languages.(3) At present “mona”is written as “moon”, conforming to the English way of pronunciation and spelling.。
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案试题二第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following exampleA. lewd → ignoran tB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____.A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ .A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention tothe words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary whichconcentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点：Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write youranswers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
!词汇学综合练习题
《英语词汇学》综合训练（一）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. A word is ______of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.( )A. a smallest formB. a minimal free formC. a constituent formD. a part2. ________ is used in particular discipline and academic areas. ( )A. JargonB. TerminologyC. SlangD. Argot3. In the western set of the Indo-European language family, Greek is the modern language derivedfrom______________. ( )A. HellenieB. CelticC. SpanishD. Dutch4. “Nature” in the word “denaturalization” is not_______________. ( )A. free rootB. free morphemesC. stemD. bound root5. Word formation excludes ________________.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. chipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration6. For the word “political”, its negative form is “_____________”. ( )A. apoliticalB. ilpoliticalC. inpoliticalD. impolitical7. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in __________aspects. ( )A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above8. A concept is universal to all men alike regardless of _________________. ( )A. cultureB. raceC. languageD. all the above9. “Mouth” in “the mouth of river” is ________________. ( )A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated10. Radiation and concatenation are different stages of the development leading to polysemy. Generally,radiation __________________ concatenation. ( )A. is behindB. precedesC. is withD. makes up for11. Of the modes of word-meaning changes, ________________are the most common. ( )A. elevation and transferB. narrowing and degradationC. extension and narrowingD. degradation and transfer12. Extra-linguistic context excludes_______________. ( )A. peopleB. timeC. placeD. clauses13. According to the criterion of grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into__________________ groups.A. twoB. threeC. fiveD. four14. “Sooner or later” has _________ rhetorical colouring. ( )A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. An unabridged dictionary should contain at least _________________ headwords. ( )A. 100,000B. 200,000C. 300,000D. 450,000第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Words can be grouped into content words and function words by _____________.17. The introduction of __________ into England marked the beginning of modern English period.18. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are called _________.19. Not all the words that are produced by applying the word-forming rule are ____________.20. The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words etc. are often duo to _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B.21. elevation ( ) a fair and square22. degradation ( ) b mother (love)23. narrowing ( ) c Polish24. extension ( ) d clear-sounding (from sight to hearing)25. transfer ( ) e Italian26. connotative meaning ( ) f cukoo27. Balto-slavic ( ) g barn (storeroom)28. Italic ( ) h wife (a married woman)29. rhyme ( ) i angel (messenger of God)30. Onomatopoeic motivation ( ) j silly (foolish)IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and 4) types of idiom. (10%)31. brain trust ( ) 32. look into ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. joined ( )35. earthquake ( ) 36. town-bred ( )37. to room ( ) 38. motel ( )39. flower (noun) ( )40. Library—a place where one can borrow and read books ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. vocabulary42. middle English43. affixes44. acronym45. affective meaningVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the reasons of more and more inconsistences between sound and form?47. What is reference?48. What are the characteristics of antonyms?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. A ball rolled into the ball suddenly.Explain two “ball” meaning in this sentence. Which kind of sense relation do they belong to?Give the explanation of their origins.50. Study the following sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve it. (100Words)The chicken is ready to eat.《英语词汇学》综合训练（二）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The relationship between the sound and meaning of a word is _____________. ( )A. logicalB. arbitrary, conventionalC. certainD. objective2. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages in the following places except ___________. ( )A. EuropeB. the Near EastC. IndiaD. Africa3. Words produced through affixation constitute __________ of all the new words. ( )A. 20% to 30%B. 30% to 40%C. 40% to 50%D. 10% to 20%4. The chief function of prefixation is to ______________ . ( )A. change meanings of the stemsB. change the word-class of the stemC. change grammatical functionD. all the above5. The “house” in “the peasant housed him” belongs to the conversion ___________. ( )A. between noun and adjectiveB. between noun and verbC. between verb and adjectiveD. none of the above6. A concept has ___________ referring expressions. ( )A. oneB. manyC. a fewD. none of the above7. The grammatical meanings of a word refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationship such as ____________. ( ) A. part of speech of words B. singular and plural meaning of nounsC. tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional formsD. all the above8. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from ______________ angles. ( )A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four9. In radiation, the secondary meaning of a word derived form the primary meaning of a word by ___________ ( )A. transferB. extensionC. specializationD. all the above and others10. A legal term “Alibi” signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed”now means “excuse”. This change of word-meaning is called ___________. ( )A. transferB. narrowingC. extensionD. degradation11. Context clues have ___________ ones in all. ( )A. sevenB. sixC. eightD. five12. ___________ is not the characteristics of idioms. ( )A. TersenessB. ExpressivenessC. VividnessD. Complication13. ________ idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability. ( )A. All theB. FewC. None ofD. Not all the14. Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as ______________. ( )A. spelling and pronunciationB. meaning and grammatical functionC. usage and etymologyD. all the above15. The main body of a dictionary is ____________ of words. ( )A. pronunciationB. spellingC. definitionD. usage第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. According to suffixation theory, “villager”is called denominal noun and “employer”is called__________ noun.17. Lexical meaning and ___________ meaning make up the word meaning.18. Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly ___________.19. Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of ___________ meaning.20. Linguistic contest includes lexical context and __________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B21. celtic ( ) a reiteration22. minibus ( ) b juxtaposition23. extension ( ) c narrowing24. meat (flesh of animals) ( ) d alliteration25. elevation ( ) e Irish26. degradation ( ) f rhyme27. might and main ( ) g knight (rank below baronet)28. kith and kin ( ) h morphological motivation29. pick and choose ( ) i churl (uncultivated or mean person)30. rain or shine ( ) j mill (place where things re made)IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom. (10%)31. cooked ( ) 32. employer ( ) 33. meeting-room ( ) 34. record-breaking ( ) 35. cut and dried ( ) 36. tooth and nail ( ) 37. to wolf ( ) 38. telex ( ) 39. take (verb) ( ) 40. home——a dwelling place ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. allomorph42. blending43. adjective suffix44. connotative meaning45. motivationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What are the differences between homonyms and polysemants?47. What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?48. How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. He is as poor as a church mouse.Pick out the idiom in this sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech.50. (1) “I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.”A B C(2) “I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of senator Buckley.”A B CStudy these two sentences, and explain what relationship is between each corresponding part in the two sentences? Which sentence is better? Why? (100 Words)《英语词汇学》综合训练（三）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage. This is the feature of ______________. ( ) A. Collins Cobuild English language Dictionary B. The Concise Oxford DictionaryC. A Chinese-English DictionaryD. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English2. Desk dictionaries contain words ranging_____________. ( )A. from 40,000 to 140,000B. from 50,000 to 150,000C. from 60,000 to 150,000D. from 40,000 to 150,0003. In the idiom “earn ones bread”, ___________ is used. ( )A. synecdocheB. personificationC. metaphorD. simile4. Forms and functions of idioms are ___________. ( )A. identicalB. not identicalC. differentD. not necessarily identical5. The functions of context don’t include ___________. ( )A. elimination of ambiguityB. indication of referentsC. provision of clues for inferring word-meaningD. leading to ambiguity6. During American Civil War, the Word “Copperhead”, a venomous snake in the South of America, was endowed with the new meaning “the northerners who were secretly aiding and abetting the south”because of___________. ( )A. class reasonB. psychological reasonC. historical reasonD. religious reason7. The most important sources of synonyms are perhaps_______________. ( )A. dialects and regional EnglishB. borrowingC. figurative and euphemistic use of wordsD. coincidence with idiomatic expressions8. Homographs are words identical only in _____________ but different in two other aspects. ( )A. soundB. meaningC. spellingD. sense9. Connotative meaning varies considerably according to ___________ . ( )A. cultureB. historical periodC. the experience of the individualD. all the above10. “Domicile” is __________. ( )A. formalB. neutralC. informalD. none of the above11. The overwhelming majority of blends are __________. ( )A. verbsB. nounsC. adjectivesD. adverbal12. The most productive conversion is the conversion that take place ______________. ( )A. between nouns and verbsB. between nouns and adjectivesC. between verbs and adjectivesD. none of the above13. The “de-” in “decompose” is ___________. ( )A. negative prefixesB. pejorative prefixesC. reversative prefixesD. orientation prefixes14. __________ is right. ( )A. Root and stem are identicalB. Root includes stemC. Root and stem are completely differentD. Stem includes root15. Old English has a vocabulary of about ____________ words. ( )A. 40,000 to 50,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 60,000 to 70,000D. 30,000 to 40,000第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms can be divided into “true”idioms established at the upper end, semi-idioms in between and _____________.17. Context can fall into ____________ and non-linguistic context.18. Synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the __________ of various meanings of the same word in acertain historical period of time.19. Lexical meaning has conceptual meaning and __________.20. Affixes attachad to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are called ___________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3)language branches and; 4) features of idioms. (10%)A B21. poison (poisonous drink) ( ) a extension22. alliteration ( ) b weal and woe23. earl (count) ( ) c narrowing24. rhyme ( ) d hustle and bustle25. reiteration ( ) e Balto-Slavic26. juxtaposition ( ) f part and parcel27. notorious (unfavourably well-known) ( ) g elevation28. Supermarket ( ) h toil and moil29. Czech ( ) i morphological motivation30. companion (a company) ( ) j degradationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3)types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom (10%)31. works ( ) 32. maltreat ( )33. car(noun) ( ) 34. diminutive (very formal) ( ) 35. flesh and blood ( ) 36. turn on ( ) 37. tell-tale ( ) 38. high-sounding ( ) 39. pub ( ) 40. lip-read ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. Argot42. old English43. conversion44. affective meaning45. polysemyVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is the importance of basic word stock?47. What are the causes of more new words appearing today?48. What are the differences between metonymy and synecdoche?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. They chucked a stone at the police and then did a bank with the loot.Are all the words in this sentence used appropriately? If not, why? Then improve it. (100 Words)50. Point out the formation of the following words: (100 Words)skylabVOAMalpractice.《英语词汇学》综合训练（四）第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. ____________ comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language (2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. ( )A. Not every wordB. Each wordC. Some of wordsD. Most of words2. Generally, the number of the present day English vocabulary is ____________. ( )A. two millionB. three millionC. over one millionD. one million3. ____________ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. ( )A. CreationB. Semantic changeC. BorrowingD. Meaning change4. The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of ___________. ( )A. spellingB. pronunciationC. stressD. function5. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on _______. ( )A. the grammatical functionB. the pronunciation of the wordsC. the spelling wayD. none of the above6. The words “minibus, endless” are __________ words. ( )A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated7. ____________ words have both same conceptual meaning and same stylistic meaning. ( )A. A fewB. FewC. ManyD. Some8. In diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by_____________. ( )A. extensionB. narrowingC. analogyD. all the above9. Homophones are words identical, only in ____________ but different in two other aspects.A. soundB. meaningC. spellingD. sense10. ___________ is contrary antonymy. ( )A. “True/false”B. “Rich/poor”C. “Parent/child”D. “Male/female”11. The original meaning of “nice” is “ignorant” or “foolish” and its modern meaning is “delightful”. Thisis ____________ of word meaning.A. extensionB. degradationC. transferD. elevation12. Linguistic factors of word meaning change exclude __________. ( )A. internal factors within the language systemB. the influx of borrowingC. analogyD. grammar13. I don’ t know what will become of him after the war. “Become of” means __________. ( )A. happen to, often in a bad wayB. suit, befitC. begin to beD. none of the above14. The idiom “toil and moil” has ____________ rhetorical colouring. ( )A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. ___________ is used in the idiom “live by one’s pen”. ( )A. MetonymyB. SynecdocheC. MetaphorD. Personification第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. The meaning of the true idiom can’ t be deduced from _____________.17. American dictionary contains more encyclopedic information in the main body while British dictionary,especially learner’ s dictionary includes _____________ information.18. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by ___________ in which it oc curs. This iscalled grammatical context.19. Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to __________ likechains.20. Associative meaning is ____________ supplemented to the conceptual meaning.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes; 2) types of meaning; 3) language branches and 4). features of idioms. (10%)A B21. the foot of the mountain ( ) a rhyme22. Persian ( ) b butcher (one who kills animals)23. Prussian ( ) c repetition24. extension ( ) d the Balto –Slavic25. narrowing ( ) e accident (unfortunate event)26. elevation ( ) f Semantically motivated27. degradation ( ) g governor (head of a state)28. now or never ( ) h Indo-Iranian29. moan and groan ( ) i lewd (lecherous)30. hand in hand ( ) j alliterationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify1) types of bound morphemes underlined; 2) types of word formations; 3) types of meaning and4) types of meaning of idiom. (10%)31. bus (noun) ( ) 32. tiny (colloquial) ( ) 33. autocide ( ) 34. BBC ( ) 35. to moonlight ( ) 36. stockholder ( ) 37. five-leg ( ) 38. contradictor ( ) 39. carriage ( ) 40. wide of the mark ( )V. Define the following terms. (10%)41. backformation42. morphological motivation43. free morpheme44. borrowed words45. specialized dictionaryVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should be taken into consideration in choosing a dictionary?47. Why are idioms often divided according to their grammatical function?48. What are the functions of context?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. Rose ran the badminton game.Study this sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve it.50. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words. Point out the types of the morphemes.(100 Words)consistentlyreminderimperialistic.。
《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案
华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondingbrackets. （每题一分）( ) 1. “All national character” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words” and “loan words”.( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong toGermanic Family except Norwegian.( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings.( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes.( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts.( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation.( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter.( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages.( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning whichindicates grammatical concepts.( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation” the derived meanings of words are notdirectly related to the primary meaning.( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word graduallyacquires its meanings in the process of development.( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goesthrough extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat” is an example of narrowing of meaning.( ) 15. “teacher” and “student” are converses.( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared withspelling.( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguisticfactors.( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language.( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words.( ) 21. Idioms are phrases and short sentences the meanings of which are not easy to infer from the constituents in most cases.( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function is the most helpful way.( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words.( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked.( ) 25. V ariations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified.( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms.( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings.( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing.( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme.( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words.( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases.( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns.( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 35. Associative meaning consists of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning,affective meaning and emotive meaning.( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening.( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense.( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to beaffected by the action of the verb.( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion” and “gradability”.( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate.( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration.( ) 43. “villain” is an example of degradation.( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs andeven cultural background.( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context.( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature.( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed.( ) 48. The four major foreign contributors to the development of Englishvocabulary are Latin, Greek, French and Scandinavian.( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application.( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly r elated to the primary meaning.( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or culturalbackground.( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side byside.( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases.( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated.( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem.( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as commonwords.( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylisticfeatures of words and so on.( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem.( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive ornegative.( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which aregenerally found in the dictionary.( )71. Idioms are set phrases whose meaning is often difficult or impossible to infer from the constituent words.( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changingmeanings of old words.( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation.( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing—the most important source.( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers theconcept of the latter.( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings.( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see theirorigins as well as sense relatedness.( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language.( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.( ) 84. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical itemin question.( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loanwords.( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words.( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning.( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particularmeaning.( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French.( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated.( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants.( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin.( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept.( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( )101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primary meaning.( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness.( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )110. Aliens are words of the native element.( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words.( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative.( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words.( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the oneaffected by the action.一、答案1、T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. TII. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example: disobey ( prefixation)headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization)expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion )ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending )enthuse (backformation ) deadline (compounding )tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping )kodak (commonization ) exwife (prefixation )elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy )autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping )airline ( compounding ) changeable (affixation/suffixation)postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy )bike (clipping ) smog (blending )donate (backformation ) ampere (proper words )antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation)三、填空答案1．meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion 3. root4. prefixes; suffixes5. synonym; relative6. superordinate; subordinate7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic9. Latin; Scandinavian10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept17．intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换)24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes26. superordinate subordinate 27. stable/fixed functional higher28. intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 29. affix 30. extension/generalization31.. antonyms contrary 32. elevation narrowing/specialization 33. connotativeIII. Fill in the blanks according to the coursebook and write your answers on thecorresponding lines. （每空1分）1. The connection between sound and is arbitrary and .2. The three major means of word-formation are , and .3. The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called .4. generally do not change part of speech whereas do.5. The words which are fully identical in meaning are called absolute and all the others care calledsynonyms.6. In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is and the term which conveys a specificmeaning is .7. falls into two kinds, namely context and context.8. A word is the free form which has a give sound, andfunction.9. The major foreign elements which contribute greatly to English vocabulary are, Greek, French and .10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called .11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and .12. The stylistic features of words form their meaning.13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically .14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing,, degradation and .15. motivation refers to the words whose meanings are suggested by their morphological structure.16. is one of the three kinds of meaning which has nothing to do withlanguage.17. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connecion between them is ______ andconventional.18. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.19. A minimal meaningful unit of a language is ______.20. Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______do.21. Among pairs of antonyms, the ______ term covers the meaning of the ______ term.22. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.23. The major means of word-formation are ______, ______ and ______.24. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.25. Affixation, also called ______, is the formation of new words by adding ______ to stems.26. Hyponymy deals with the relation of semantic inclusion. The general term is ______ and the specific termsare ______.27. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are ______. ______ words enjoy a______ frequency in use than content words.28. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connection between them is ______ andconventional.29. A morpheme attached to a stem or root is ______.30. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.31. Words which are opposite in meaning are called ______, among which ______ terms are gradable andallow intermediate members.32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and theopposite process is called ______.33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning.IV选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A10.B 11. B12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________.A. argot and jargonB. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above( )2. Functional words are ________________.A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns, articlesC. articles, prepositions, conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns, prepositions( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock.A. ColloquialismB. All national characterC. StabilityD. Polysemy( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Time( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words.A. formalityB. affectivenessC. appropriatenessD. part of speech( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word classwithout the addition of an affix, is called ____________.A. compoundingB. back-formationC. functional shiftD. derivation( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________.A. part of speechB. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______.A. phonologicallyB. morphologicallyC. etymologicallyD. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words.A. formalityB. affectivenessC. appropriatenessD. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________.A. descriptive and prescriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC . spoken and written D. competence and performance( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics?A. polysemyB. language familyC. ambiguityD. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________.A. banana, pear, jamB. pear, apple, bananaC. cucumber, celery, peasD. tree, pine, elm( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________.A. allomorphsB. phonemesC. morphsD. lexis( )14. _________ is a word-formation process by which a word is changed from one word-class into another without the change of form.A. BlendingB. AffixationC. Back-formationD. Conversio( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________.A. 1604B. 1066C. 1406D. 1046( )16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. synecdocheC. metonymyD. metaphor( )17. “child—parent” are _______ antonyms.A. rootB. derivativeC. relativeD. complementary( )18. Th e word “water” is _________ motivated.A. phoneticallyB. semanticallyC. morphologicallyD. non-( )19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________.A. sentence idiomB. proverbC. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________.A. change from material nouns to common nounsB. change from common nouns to proper nounsC. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economyD. change from specific meanings to general meanings( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________.A. true idiomsB. semi-idiomsC. regular combinationsD. all the above( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________.A. blendB. clipped wordC. initialismD. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. HomophonesB. homographsC. perfect homonymsD. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ i n ________.A. connotative meaningB. emotive meaningC. stylistic meaningD. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brain. _________.A. SimileB. metaphorC. MetonymyD. synecdoche( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning?A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English.A. 1,000,000,000B. 1,000,000,000,000C. 1,000,000D. 1,000,000,000,000,000( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. freeC. inflectionalD. root( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms.A. dead / aliveB. parent / childC. single / marriedD. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________.A. German / GermanicB. Celts / CelticC. Italian / ItalicD. Sweden / Swedish ( ) 31. The modes of modem English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ________ , semantic change and __________.A. exchange/lendingB. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________.A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speechB. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaningC. deriving words by grammatical meansD. changing words in morphological structure( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English._________ of them are still in use today.A. 85%B. 56%C. 72%D. 75%V．Match the words in the left column with the words in the right column. （右栏的词每词1分）(1)narrowing manuscriptdeerextension poisongovernorelevation vulgarbonfiredegradation journallustdiseasealibi(2)narrowing journalgirlextension villainmarshalelevation barnmilldegradation deerknightcriticizeliquor(3)narrowing picturemeatextension girlmarshalelevation cunningbonfiredegradation journalangel连线(3)答案Narrowing: meat, girl, bonfire Extension: picture, journalElevation: marshal, angel Degradation: cunning连线(4)答案Narrowing: wife, deer Extension: holiday, manuscriptElevation: minister, governor Degradation: criticize, villain(4)narrowing holidayvillainextension wifeministerelevation deergovernordegradation manuscriptcriticizeVI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of theitalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many ofthem still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( )2. I like fruit, but not avocado, which is too soft. ( )3.Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog inthe street and ate it. ( )4. Most dentists‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio‟s new office is bright, cheerful.( )5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous. He ate two bowls of soup, salad, alarge chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( )6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’wester usuallybrings rain. （）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry, a marriage system which allows awoman to have more than one husband. ( )8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( )A．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym3. example/exemplification/superordinate4. antonym/antonymy5. relevant details6. antonym/antonymy7. explanation 8. word structureB Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective or objective sense and put your answersin the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing todo with the robbery. ( ) ( )2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood.( )3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see themovie based on it. ( )4.Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children.( )5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( )6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful.( )7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster.( ) ( )8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small.( )9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( )10. What a boring man he is! ( )11. The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class.( ) ( )12. It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( )13. The little match girl was really pitiful. She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( )14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well withoutpains. ( )B. 答案1. subjective; objective 2. objective3. objective4. objective5. subjective6. objective7. subjective; objective 8. objective9. subjective; objective 10. objective11. subjective, objective 12. subjective13. objective 14. objectiveC. Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized words,using such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1.Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing notlong ago. ( )2.Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street and ateit. ( )3.The tribal community still practices polygamy, a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thesame time. ( )4.As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ).5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification3. definition/explanation4. antonym/antonymy5. relevant detailsVII. Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one‟s nose( ) 4. repetition d. earn one‟s bread( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success.( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in handVII连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）1.break record (adj) ( record-breaking)2、fight with fists (adj) (ist-fighting)3. walk in one‟s sleep (n) (sleepwalking)4. a worm which glows (n) (glowworm)5. draw the bridge (n) (drawbridge)6. down to the earth (adj) (down-to-earth)7. sick for missing home (adj) ( homesick)8. the blood which causes the stain (n) (bloodstain)9. the part which is bitten by frost (n) (frostbite )10. shake hands (n) (handshake )IX. Define the following terms.（每题3分）1.notional words: Notional words are also called content words which denote clear notions. They includenouns, most verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.2.primary meaning: At the time when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning. This first meaningis the primary meaning .3.context :In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, a paragraph, a whole chapterand even the entire book in which a word appears. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation including the people, time, place and even the whole cultural background.4、marked terms:Many pairs of antonyms contain specific words and general words. In such a pair, thespecific word is included in meaning within the general word. The specific words are called marked terms.5、transfer :Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else haveexperienced transfer.6、ambiguity: If there is more than one meaning for a word used in a context, ambiguity occurs. Ambiguity is mainly。
词汇学练习题 (2)-推荐下载
1..Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. new1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which canbe grouped into _________on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in greatnumbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With theinvaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started acontinual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the lawcourts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which arederived from the dead language_______..A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian allbelong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian,Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or socialpower and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13th1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes1.A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, andlexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affectivemeaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific country16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum totalof the morphemes combined.18. _______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the historyof the word explains the meaning of the word.20. Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth anddevelopment of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and thesecondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection betweenthe sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employedin a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only onemeaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning1.The original meaning of manuscript is ________.A.any author’s writingB. handwritingC. any author’s worksD. a piece of paper2.The original meaning of barn is ______.A. a place for storing only barleyB. a storeroomC. a restroomD. a bathroom3.The extended meaning of journal is ______A. daily paperB. any paperC. magazinesD. periodical4.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ in general.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck5.The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman6.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation7.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation8.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant9.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident10.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing11.The original meaning of knave is _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing12.The original meaning of silly is ______.A. sadB. jealousC. happyD. cold13.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective14. Dreadful and hateful belong to _______.A. transfer from subjective to objectiveB. transfer of sensationC. transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings15. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevationII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and _____.17. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, ____and trandfer. Of these, extension and _______are by far the most common.18. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and ______.19. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire _____,which may also affect the meaning of words .20.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _____.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology,______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to thepresent _____ language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be groupedinto an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ ModernEnglish.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their____, the second principal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonymsare listed as separate ______.18.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and_____.19. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a morespecific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the _____terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms.20. The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around anumber of meaning areas. Some large, such as ‘philosophy’ or ‘emotions’, other smaller, such as ‘kinship’ or ‘color’. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of ______.。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。
答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
(
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4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
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5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )
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1..Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. new1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which canbe grouped into _________on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in greatnumbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With theinvaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started acontinual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the lawcourts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which arederived from the dead language_______..A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian allbelong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian,Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or socialpower and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13th1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A.number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes1.A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, andlexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific country16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum totalof the morphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the historyof the word explains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth anddevelopment of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and thesecondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employedin a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only onemeaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning1.The original meaning of manuscript is ________.A.any author’s writingB. handwritingC. any author’s worksD. a piece of paper2.The original meaning of barn is ______.A. a place for storing only barleyB. a storeroomC. a restroomD. a bathroom3.The extended meaning of journal is ______A. daily paperB. any paperC. magazinesD. periodical4.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ in general.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck5.The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman6.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation7.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation8.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant9.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident10.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing11.The original meaning of knave is _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing12.The original meaning of silly is ______.A. sadB. jealousC. happyD. cold13.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective14. Dreadful and hateful belong to _______.A. transfer from subjective to objectiveB. transfer of sensationC. transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings15. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevationII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. V ocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and _____.17. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, ____and trandfer. Of these, extension and _______are by far the most common.18. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and ______.19. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire _____,which may also affect the meaning of words .20.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _____.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology,______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to thepresent _____ language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be groupedinto an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ ModernEnglish.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____,the second principal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonymsare listed as separate ______.18.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and_____.19.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a morespecific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the _____terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms.20.The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed arounda number of meaning areas. Some large, such as ‘philosophy’ or ‘emotions’, other smaller,such as ‘kinship’ or ‘color’. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of ______.。