2021届高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习：句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件(共48张)
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(2) 名词作定语 I ate a cheese cake.
(3) 代词/名词所有格作定语 My brother loves Tom's painting.
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
主语 Subject
主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(4) 动名词作主语 Seeing is believing.
(5) 动词不定式作主语 To do such a job needs a better knowledge.
(6) 从句作主语 What I mean is to work harder.
主语 Subject
练习：划出下列句子的主语。 【2017阅读】 (⑴)The word “cheeseburger” was patented by Louis Ballast
in 1944. “芝士汉堡”这个词在1944年被路易斯·道布尔申请了专利。 (2) The proliferation of testing in schools has become one of the most contentious topics in U.S. education.
宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。
(4) 不定式作宾补 I asked him to leave.
(5) 介词短语作宾补 I found him at home.
(6) 副词作宾补 I found him out.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
练习：请找出下列句子的宾补。 【2015阅读】
1. they heard someone yelling outside. 2. An employee's web-portal allows employees to compete
【高中语法】 句子成分
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
八种句子成分
宾语
表语
补语
定语
谓语
状语
主语
八种句 子成分
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
(7) 分词（短语）作定语 The boy passing by is my little brother.
(8) 从句作定语 This is the day which I'll never forget.
练习：请找出下列句子的表语。 【2015阅读】
1. Cheating seems to encourage creativity. 2. "Dad, the house is on fire!" Marcos cried. 3. The problem is that many of these "boring" courses are
(2) 代词作宾语 We all like him.
(3) 数词作宾语 Give me five.
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(4) 不定式作宾语 I would like to help you.
(5) 动名词作宾语 We all like reading.
(3) 代词作表语 It will be something special.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(4) 数词作表语 Two plus two is four.
(5) 动名词作表语 My hobby is reading.
(6) 从句作宾语 I think he is right.
【注意】 一个句子可以包含多个宾语。
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 【2013阅读】 1. Some profound emptiness might result from
cancelling it for a day.
2. Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will
living 4. There are four girls live in that house.
03 宾语 Object
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者， 一般放在及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
(1) 在及物动词之后（动宾结构） (3) 在介词之后（介宾结构）
同位语
01 主语 Subject
主语 Subject
主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(1) 名词作主语 The flower smells great.
(2) 代词作主语 I love you.
(3) 数词 Two plus two equals four.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
playing 1. My favorite sport is play football.
to work 2. His parents wanted him work hard.
walking 3. I saw him walked into the building.
谓语 Predicate
一个简单句有且只有一个谓语。
I afraid it's too late. × 谓语缺失 I am afraid it's too late. √
Get up early is good for our health. × 双谓语 Getting up early is good for our health. √
谓语 Predicate
练习：划出下列句子的谓语。 【2015阅读】 (1) I am not raising the children. (2) Only a few could afford that in city centers. (3) We should all look forward to the time.
against each other in work-related video games.
06 定语 Attribute
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
(1) 形容词作定语 I like the beautiful dress.
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 的位置分为两种 (1) 前置定语：定语在所修饰的词之前
an interesting little red French oil painting
(2) 后置定语：定语在所修饰的词之后 ① 短语作定语 a basket full of eggs the boy sitting there
You are right. The rose smells great. It sounds interesting.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(1) 名词作表语 He is a Canadian.
(2) 形容词作表语 I feel good today.
谓语 Predicate
谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。
(2) 复合谓语：核心动词只有一个 I may be wrong. I can speak a little English. The children are flying kites in the park.
usually fundamental courses.
05 补语 Complement
补语 Complement
补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语 (object complement)，通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。
I love you.
We are in the house.
(2) 在动词短语之后 He took off his shoes.
(4) 某些形容词可以接宾语 The book is worth reading.
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(1) 名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now.
(1) 形容词作宾补 I find you beautiful.
(2) 名词作宾补 I consider him a liar.
(3) 分词作宾补 I hear her singing. I had my hair cut.
补语 Complement
补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语（宾补），通常紧 跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。
was 1. The bride absent from the wedding today.
are 2. Most of the students against this plan.
goes 3. Everything beyond my control.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
1. My favorite sport is play football. 2. His parents wanted him work hard. 3. I saw him walked into the building. 4. There are four girls live in that house.
学校考试的泛滥已经成为美国教育中最具争议的话题之一。
02 谓语 Predicate
谓语 Predicate
谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。
(1) 简单谓语 The flower smells great. I love you. Two plus two equals four.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
1. The bride absent from the wedding today. 2. Most of the students against this plan. 3. Everything beyond my control.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
(4) 副词作定语 The boy there is my little brother.
(5) 介词短语作定语 The boy in blue is my little brother.
(6) 不定式作定语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
定语 Attribute
live to see their 100th birthday.
3. It has what nutritionists like to call “biological
plausibility”.
04 表语 Predicative
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特 征和状态，放在连系动词(be, 感官动词等) 之后。
(6) 介词短语作表语 Some wild animals are in danger.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(7) 副词作表语 The sun is up.
(8) 从句作表语 This is what I mean.
(9) 不定式短语作表语 Her dream is to be a singer.
(3) 代词/名词所有格作定语 My brother loves Tom's painting.
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
主语 Subject
主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(4) 动名词作主语 Seeing is believing.
(5) 动词不定式作主语 To do such a job needs a better knowledge.
(6) 从句作主语 What I mean is to work harder.
主语 Subject
练习：划出下列句子的主语。 【2017阅读】 (⑴)The word “cheeseburger” was patented by Louis Ballast
in 1944. “芝士汉堡”这个词在1944年被路易斯·道布尔申请了专利。 (2) The proliferation of testing in schools has become one of the most contentious topics in U.S. education.
宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。
(4) 不定式作宾补 I asked him to leave.
(5) 介词短语作宾补 I found him at home.
(6) 副词作宾补 I found him out.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
练习：请找出下列句子的宾补。 【2015阅读】
1. they heard someone yelling outside. 2. An employee's web-portal allows employees to compete
【高中语法】 句子成分
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
八种句子成分
宾语
表语
补语
定语
谓语
状语
主语
八种句 子成分
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
(7) 分词（短语）作定语 The boy passing by is my little brother.
(8) 从句作定语 This is the day which I'll never forget.
练习：请找出下列句子的表语。 【2015阅读】
1. Cheating seems to encourage creativity. 2. "Dad, the house is on fire!" Marcos cried. 3. The problem is that many of these "boring" courses are
(2) 代词作宾语 We all like him.
(3) 数词作宾语 Give me five.
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(4) 不定式作宾语 I would like to help you.
(5) 动名词作宾语 We all like reading.
(3) 代词作表语 It will be something special.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(4) 数词作表语 Two plus two is four.
(5) 动名词作表语 My hobby is reading.
(6) 从句作宾语 I think he is right.
【注意】 一个句子可以包含多个宾语。
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 【2013阅读】 1. Some profound emptiness might result from
cancelling it for a day.
2. Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will
living 4. There are four girls live in that house.
03 宾语 Object
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者， 一般放在及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
(1) 在及物动词之后（动宾结构） (3) 在介词之后（介宾结构）
同位语
01 主语 Subject
主语 Subject
主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(1) 名词作主语 The flower smells great.
(2) 代词作主语 I love you.
(3) 数词 Two plus two equals four.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
playing 1. My favorite sport is play football.
to work 2. His parents wanted him work hard.
walking 3. I saw him walked into the building.
谓语 Predicate
一个简单句有且只有一个谓语。
I afraid it's too late. × 谓语缺失 I am afraid it's too late. √
Get up early is good for our health. × 双谓语 Getting up early is good for our health. √
谓语 Predicate
练习：划出下列句子的谓语。 【2015阅读】 (1) I am not raising the children. (2) Only a few could afford that in city centers. (3) We should all look forward to the time.
against each other in work-related video games.
06 定语 Attribute
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。
(1) 形容词作定语 I like the beautiful dress.
定语 Attribute
定语 (attribute) 的位置分为两种 (1) 前置定语：定语在所修饰的词之前
an interesting little red French oil painting
(2) 后置定语：定语在所修饰的词之后 ① 短语作定语 a basket full of eggs the boy sitting there
You are right. The rose smells great. It sounds interesting.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(1) 名词作表语 He is a Canadian.
(2) 形容词作表语 I feel good today.
谓语 Predicate
谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。
(2) 复合谓语：核心动词只有一个 I may be wrong. I can speak a little English. The children are flying kites in the park.
usually fundamental courses.
05 补语 Complement
补语 Complement
补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语 (object complement)，通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。
I love you.
We are in the house.
(2) 在动词短语之后 He took off his shoes.
(4) 某些形容词可以接宾语 The book is worth reading.
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(1) 名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now.
(1) 形容词作宾补 I find you beautiful.
(2) 名词作宾补 I consider him a liar.
(3) 分词作宾补 I hear her singing. I had my hair cut.
补语 Complement
补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语（宾补），通常紧 跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。
was 1. The bride absent from the wedding today.
are 2. Most of the students against this plan.
goes 3. Everything beyond my control.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
1. My favorite sport is play football. 2. His parents wanted him work hard. 3. I saw him walked into the building. 4. There are four girls live in that house.
学校考试的泛滥已经成为美国教育中最具争议的话题之一。
02 谓语 Predicate
谓语 Predicate
谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。
(1) 简单谓语 The flower smells great. I love you. Two plus two equals four.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
1. The bride absent from the wedding today. 2. Most of the students against this plan. 3. Everything beyond my control.
练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
(4) 副词作定语 The boy there is my little brother.
(5) 介词短语作定语 The boy in blue is my little brother.
(6) 不定式作定语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
定语 Attribute
live to see their 100th birthday.
3. It has what nutritionists like to call “biological
plausibility”.
04 表语 Predicative
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特 征和状态，放在连系动词(be, 感官动词等) 之后。
(6) 介词短语作表语 Some wild animals are in danger.
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
(7) 副词作表语 The sun is up.
(8) 从句作表语 This is what I mean.
(9) 不定式短语作表语 Her dream is to be a singer.