英语口译笔记法整理
高级口译笔记独家整理

高级口译笔记head of a spear 冷酷;锋利nothings comes easyWealth of nation 国富论-- 亚当斯密though situationEconomic downtown/ uptown 上升;下滑depression/recession Constant adjustment according the real situationTwo pot headsWine红酒liqueur烈酒brew (brew wine)v 酿造grain (n)粮食this is erguotou –it’s a famous liqueurthis is xihuoufen- it’s a dessert (寻找逻辑关系)《英语口译笔记法实战指导》吴钟明中华文化拔火罐cupping therapy针灸acupuncture相生相克mutual generation and mutual restriction阴阳五行the theory of yin&yang an five elements内伤七情the seven internal causes外感六淫the six external causes大学-治国;平天下the great learning (the four books and five classic)中庸the doctrine of mean论语the analects of Confucius孟子the Mencius易经the book of change尚书collection of ancient text诗经the book of songs礼记the rites春秋the spring and autumn annals黄帝内经yellow emperor’s classic of internal medicineInternal medicine ; ear nose and throat神农本草经ShenNong’s herbal classic四库全书complete library in the four branches of literatures烹饪文化culinary culture气功controlled breathing exercise四声four tones二十四节气24 solar terms 小节月菜系cuisine什锦mixed /assorted脸谱face masks (colorful patterns painted on the faces of the performance) 芙蓉with egg white汆quick boil唱腔melody舞狮lion dance (boat dance )椒盐pepper and salt炸deep fired煎Sauted椒盐排条deep fired pork rid with pepper and salt low back/waist烘焙roasted勾芡dressing with starchy sauceBake 用暗火把面包团烤熟barbeque smoke grill 用明火烤熟Salad dressing 色拉酱海派文化shanghai culture开铺formation since the formation of shanghai海纳百川,有容乃大the sea admits hundreds of rivers for its capacity to hold恢弘的气态great tolerance俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝All are past and gone, we look to this age for truly great men and womenPeking opera treasure /essenceMusic melodyDowagey旅游景点、城市介绍山水风光scenery with mountains and rivers landscape名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots an historical sites避暑胜地summer resort holiday get-away /great escape古建筑群ancient architectural /building complex以故宫为首的古代建筑群;以豫园为首的江南园林;以长城为首的边防建设;以十三陵为首的皇家陵墓湖光山色landscape of laks an hills世界文化遗产world cultural heritage sites华北江南西南西北故宫the forbidden city / the imperial palace周口店背景猿人遗址peking man site at zhoukoudian承德避暑山庄mountain escort in chengde city苏州古典园林the classical garden of Suzhou都江堰dujiangyan irrigation system回廊corridor湖堤lake causeway曲径winding path出土文物unearthed cultural relies究竟;出土on earth青铜器bronze ware瓷器porcelain文房四宝four treasures in a study / the 4 stationary treasuresWiring brushes ink bar(soap bar) paper ink stone秦始皇兵马俑the terracotta warriors of qin平遥古城the ancient city of pingyao天坛a temple of heaven a temple of the earth皇家陵寝imperial tombs ( graved yard ; graved yard shift)亭台楼阁弓箭手archer城隍庙city god temple街景图street view鸟瞰图bird view石舫stone boat水榭、湖心亭waterside /mid-lake pavilion四大金刚the four cuardians甲骨文inscription on oracle bones剪纸paper cuts华夏祖先Chinese forefather/ancestors ancestor to American is the American founding fathers 大学的显著特色是university is distinctive in拥有藏书超过–万册的图书馆offers an extensive library of more than __million books人文学humanities社会科学social science生命科学life science行业维持萎缩---- industry has shrunk /declined steadily古典、通俗文化classic culture / popular culture莎士比亚时代Shakespearian time维多利亚时代Victorian time卫兵换岗pageantry皇冠上的明珠crown jewel黄山国家森林公园the grand canyon of the yellow stone朝代沉浮the rise and fall of dynasties滑雪胜地ski resorts篝火bonfire无拘无束的气氛atmosphere of freedom and informality潜游SCUBA diving上有天堂,下有苏杭Suzhou and Hangzhou are heaven on the earth五岳归来不看山,黄山归来不看岳NurtureThe vibrant noteA music chapter melodyFrom south to north is 1000 meters from east to west is 750 metresRed tiles and golden roofs 红柱黄瓦Inner, outer palace 内宫外宫Residential quarter (起到家作用的宿舍)moat 护城河A variety of treasured cultural relicsAntique proclaim and bronze artifacts改革开放,社会问题按照---的方针follow --- policy取得---的成就achieve --- success进一步深化continue to deepen进一步提高continue to improve快速增长fast growth稳步推进steady strive进一步巩固continue to solidify明显改善visible improvements采取---的措施take--- measures全面发展overall development加速---的步伐speed up --- steps达到预期目标reach desire goal (target)经济体制改革economic restricting国家财政收入national revenue社区服务community service希望工程project hope社会保障体系social security system养老金体系pension system福利社会welfare society社会保险social insurance医疗、失业保险medical / unemployment insurance弱势群体disadvantaged groups脱贫lift off poverty安居工程housing project for lower income family / subsistence allowances for urban residents 最低生活保障minimum living standard security system教育工程the reform of education211工程211 project素质,应试教育quality-oriental /exam-oriental education贫富日益悬殊widening gap between the rich and poor基本国策basic state policy计划生育family planning男女平等gender equality / equality between men and women闭关自守isolated an protective竞争优势competitive advantage万事开头难first days are always tough舆论先驱intellectual forerunner公民平等待遇equal treatment for fellow citizens顺之者昌,逆之者亡either you will submit to it and prosper or you resist it and become extinct个人品格individual character公民意识awareness of citizenship科教兴国develop the country by relying on science and education退耕还田returning ,cultivated land to forests节约能源economizing energy开拓创新pioneering and innovation in the spirit of pioneering and innovation对外开放,引进投资open up to the outside world an introduce foreign investment中国特色的社会主义市场经济socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics现代化建设事业modernization drive社会主义精神文明建设socialist moral an cultural progress民主法制建设democracy and the legal system construction宏观管理体制Macro-control system政府职能government function西部大开发the large scale development of China’s western region加入世贸组织accession /entry into the WTO西气东输,西电东送transmit the power and natural gas from west to west温饱问题the food and clothing issue subsistent living standard坚持两手抓,两手都要硬的方针adhere to the principle of doing two jobs at once and attach equal importance to each.坚定不移firmly and unswervingly与时俱进keep pace with the times减负relieve ___ of unreasonable burdens试点pilot program pilot for reform opening-up透明度transparency入市义务WTO commitment津贴allowance 、上海市委书记the Party Secretary工会labor union汽车马力horse powerStrengthen 表面上的力量power 输出的力量随着改革开放的进一步深入和社会经济的持续发展,我国社会稳定,经济繁荣, 综合国力大大增强。
英语口译的速记妙招

英语口译的速记妙招英语口译的速记妙招笔记法是口译当中的必备技能之一,特别是当我们听到很长的一个段落,短时记忆不够用了,必须用笔辅助大脑记忆。
下面YJBYS店铺为大家搜索整理了关于英语口译的速记妙招,欢迎参考借鉴,希望对大家备考有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生培训网!一、脑记为主笔记为辅首先我们要认识到,笔记是用于辅助大脑记忆的,口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、上下、正反、升降、因果关系等),切忌整句整段的记录源语信息,否则不但时间来不及,还会影响对句子结构的理解。
其次,脑记时要重点关注段落句子的整体信息,顺带注意一些没有用笔记下来的细节。
为什么说顺带呢?简单的一个例子:“表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的感谢”,我们只要把欢迎和感谢的速记符号一写就行,热烈和衷心这些词很容易就在大脑中形成印象。
二、平静心态,循序渐进刚开始接触笔记法,肯定是很生疏的。
不熟悉笔记符号,不会一心两用,恨不得把每个词都写下来等等这些问题都是非常正常的。
特别是在做英翻汉的时候,练一通下来,也没弄懂听到的东西,也看不懂自己记的东西,都是普遍存在的现象。
这时候,我们首先不要心急,千万不要刚开始就找篇诸如VOA standard之类来操练笔记。
我建议大家可以一步一步来:找一些经典的口译材料,先看着它,把该记的笔记列出来,然后慢速的放着听,再列一遍笔记。
或者先慢速的`放一遍,尽量记一些,然后多放几遍进行改进,再对照原文研究一下哪些词是应该记下来的,用常见符号还是用缩写,用怎样的结构好啊等等,如此多次反复。
当然,练到一定程度后,对常用笔记符号熟练了,创造出自己熟悉的笔记系统,就可以慢慢提高速度增加难度。
三、辅助练习,坚持不懈练笔记的同时呢,当然要辅助别的练习,比如每天影子练习锻炼一心两用的能力,做些视译和短时记忆的练习等等。
还是那句话,Practice makes perfect! 万事开头难,但是只要坚持下去,就会慢慢走上正轨。
口译笔记法

口译笔记法
口译笔记法是一种在口译过程中用于帮助记忆、组织和理解翻译内容的技巧。
以下是一些口译笔记法的基本要点:
1. 记关键词和短语:在口译过程中,由于时间紧迫,我们无法
记住所有的细节和信息。
因此,我们应该只记录关键词和短语,以便在口译结束后再回来查看。
2. 使用符号和缩写:符号和缩写可以更快地记录和记忆信息。
例如,“e.g.”代表“例如”,“w/”代表“with”等等。
3. 用图像或符号表示流程:在口译过程中,有时需要描述流程
或结构。
使用图像或符号可以更直观地表示这些信息,有助于记忆和理解。
4. 记录口译过程中的变化:在口译过程中,我们需要记录发生
变化的信息,例如数字、日期、地点等。
这些信息可以帮助我们在口译结束后更快地回忆和理解翻译内容。
5. 使用顺序记忆法:在口译过程中,我们可以使用顺序记忆法,即按照信息的顺序来记忆翻译内容。
这有助于我们更好地组织翻译内容,并减少记忆错误的风险。
总结起来,口译笔记法只是一种辅助技巧,我们不能依赖它来完全记住所有的信息。
我们应该更加注重口译过程中的记忆和思维能力,以便更好地完成翻译任务。
英语 口译笔记

7.2一、专业词汇擅自使用要付法律责任。
Using them without authorization shall be legally accountable.Brake 制动(刹车)磨砂玻璃Ground/foster/mat glass钢化玻璃Armored/toughened glass米色Cream-coloured/buff coloured宝蓝色royal blue/dark blue白玉兰花(上海市花)The white Yulan( Shanghai city flower)棕褐色dark brown二、听力to /du/toilet /dɔli/三、技巧1、数学符号Sub-contractor outsourcing(外包公司)成套设备公司:assembly…IRS (Internal Revenue Service) 国内收入Defense Secretary 外交部长Auto Show=Automobile Industry Exhibition (汽车工业展)2、缩写市政府Municipal People’s Government复婚remarry大力发展generositySS 社会制度CT 文化传统WPD 世界和平发展I’d like to thank sb for kind invitation/thoughtful arrangement/gracious hospitality欢迎某人上台Please join me in welcoming sb onto the stage.We’re very please to have sb with us.3、政治、新闻4、come all the way, 远道而来Conference(文科类的会议)Symposium(理科类的、科技类的研讨会)Seminar (研讨会)Forum (论坛)E.g. … on IT Shanghai 2011 上海2011(国际研讨会)7.9一、口译的Topic应对之策之一:1、Comparison Today I’d like to talk about …2、Opinion Some people thing …3、Other Others believe …4、My opinion …二、口译的Topic应对之策之二:1、Comparison Today I’d like to talk about …2、Achievements3、Problems existing in this field4、Solution三、口译的Topic应对之策之三:1、Comparison Today I’d like to talk about …2、Achievements3、Advantages of doing sth.4、Solution四、Communication1、EQ (Emotion quotient) IQ (intelligence quotient)2、Job vacancy/opportunitiesClear up misunderstandingPromote friendship3、educational background4、healthcare (medical professionals, cities)5、science, technology, pollution6、family, marriage, divorce五、日常知识Tap tops 手提电脑岗前培训:Pre-employment trainingPersonality training 仪表仪容培训进修:Further study儿童医学Pediatrics亲和力winning personality影响shape (customer requirement)“非常好的四金”attractive/competitive benefit/remunerations([ri͵mju:nə'rei∫ən])/package/healthcare system养老保险retirement and pension plan住房公积金public(housing) reserve fund补充公积金fringe benefits补贴subsidyPosition/business travel subsidy 职位津贴、出差补贴Cheese 笑Annuity 年金Your Excellency, the president如果本人不在现场,就用Her majesty, the QueenHis Highness, the Duke… (皇室成员)Your honor, the city mayor of…十月的北京,万木葱茏,金凤送爽。
口译笔记法符号汇总(超级全面)

希腊字母 P 读/pai/,近似 politics, political。那么 politician 就可以表示 为 PZ
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
G 为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation
因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等: meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium
∞ 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示“捕鱼业”等合 fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全
如果在 U 填入2,就可以表示为 bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为 trilateral (三边的)。
填入在 U 中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入 m (multiple) 表示 多边主义。
如果在 U 上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。
O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country, state, nation, etc.
学会一字等于一句看一字想一句看一句知一句以符号代文字以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字数学符号equal
一、地名简写 高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国 家的名称完整的记录下来.会很费时间。因此,常用国名的记录方法应常记心中, 比如 K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland 等等。有时还可以借助“|-”来 表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。 例如:the Republic of Korea(ROK,南朝鲜), 表示为“-K”; 相应的 the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK, 北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”, Central London,表示为 LD。Western Europe (西欧)表示为“|EU”,Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
(完整版)口译笔记速记符号归总汇总

口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。
二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语口译笔记法整理

2.、标点符号4,、箭头符号进行英语口译时,大家可能常会用到一些缩略词做一些简单的笔记。
这里为大家总结了较全的缩略词,首先为大家介绍的是缩略词A—Cacc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noon AMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amount anal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possible ass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averageave = avenuea.w.l. = absent with leave (准假)a.w.o.l. = absent without official leave (无故缺席)B.A. = Bachelor of Artsbal = balanceB.C. = before Christbd = boardbdl = bundlebk = bank; bookbkts = basketsB/L = bill of lading (提单)BLDG = buildingbp = birthplacebr = branch; brotherB.S. = Bachelor of Sciencebu = bureau C = capacity; century; chapter; centigrade; cost; city; centercal = calendar; caliber; caloriescap = capital; captaincat = catalogcc = carbon copy (复印件;抄送) CEO = chief executive officercert = certificateCFM = confirmcncl = cancelcp. = comparecit = citizenciv = civil; civilizationclk = clerkcml = commercialco. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; communitycomm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competitioncon = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customs上文我们为大家总结了英语口译缩略词A—C的内容,这里为大家总结的英语口译笔记常用缩略词区间段D—K 的词汇。
口译中笔记法重点符号汇总

口译笔记速记符号归总缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表acc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noon AMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amountanal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possibleass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averageave = avenuea.w.l. = absent with leave (准假)a.w.o.l. = absent without official leave (无故缺席) B.A. = Bachelor of Artsbal = balanceB.C. = before Christbd = boardbdl = bundlebk = bank; bookbkts = basketsB/L = bill of lading (提单)BLDG = buildingbp = birthplacebr = branch; brotherB.S. = Bachelor of Sciencebu = bureauC = capacity; century; chapter; centigrade; cost; city; center cal = calendar; caliber; caloriescap = capital; captaincat = catalogcc = carbon copy (复印件;抄送)CEO = chief executive officercert = certificateCFM = confirmcncl = cancelcp. = comparecit = citizenciv = civil; civilizationclk = clerkcml = commercialco. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competition con = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customsDec = Decemberdec = deceased; declarationdef = defender; defensedeg = degreedep = depositDEPT = departmentdisc = discountdist = distance; distinguishdiv = divide; divorceddo. = ditto (同上)dorm = dormitorydpt = departuredz = dozene = east; earth; engineeringecon = economics; economyed. = education; editore.g. = exempli gratia = for example encl. = enclosed; enclosureesp. = especiallyetc. = et cetera = and so onex. = example; exception; extraexp. = exportexpln = explainext = extend; extensionFAX = facsimileFeb. = Februaryfem = female; feminineff. = followingfig = figuresfin = finance; financialfl = fluidFLT = flightFOB = free on board (船上交货;离岸价格) for = foreign; forestryfp = freezing pointfr = frequentFri. = Fridayfrt = freight (货物;货运)ft = foot; feet (脚;英寸)fut = futureFYR = for your reference (仅供参考)g = gold; grain; guide; gender; gravity G.A. = General Assembly (联合国大会) gen. = generallygent = gentleman; gentlemengm = gram; general managergov = governmentgs = general secretary (秘书长)h = harbor; hundred; husband; hydrogen hd = head (头部;首脑)hf = halfHon = honorable; honoraryH.Q. = headquartershr = hourht = heighthypoth = hypothesis; hypotheticali.a. = in absence; absentib. = ibidem = in the same placeID = identity; identity cardi.e. = id est = that isimp = import; imperialIMPS = impossibleIMPT = importantin. = inch; inchesind = industrial; independentindiv = individualinfo = informationins = insuranceinst. = instant; instituteint. = interior; interest (兴趣;利息)I/O = instead ofIOU = I owe you (借据)I.Q. = intelligence quotientIVO = in view of (鉴于,考虑到)is. = islandJ = judge; justicejour = journal; journalistjr. = junior (大学三年级学生; 年少的; 初级的)kg = kilogram (千克;公斤)km = kilometer (公里)lat. = latitudelb. = pounds (磅;英镑)L/C = letter of credit (信用证)leg = legallib = library; librarianliq = liquidlit = literaturelong. = longitudeM.A. = Master of Artsmach = machinerymag = magazineman. = manual; manufactureMar = Marchmath = mathematicsMDL = model (型号;模特)Mdm = Madammed. = medicine; medicalmem = member; memoir (回忆录) memo = memorandum (备忘录)mid = middlemin = minute; minimummkt. = marketmod = moderate; modernMon. = Mondaymph = mile per hour (每小时英里数; 车速) Mr. = MisterMrs. = MistressMS = manuscripts (手稿)msg = messageMt = Mount; mountainmus = music; museumn = north; noon; name; normalnat = national; native; naturaln.d. = no date (无日期)NLT = not later than (不迟于)No. = numberNov. = Novembernr = nearobj = object; objectiveobs = obsolete (过时的); observeobt = obtainOct. = Octoberoff. = office; officialop. = opera; operation; oppositeord = ordinaryorg = organizationorig = originaloz. = ounce (盎司)p. = page; power; pressurepara = paragraphpart = particular; partnerpass = passive; passengerPAT = patentpayt = paymentpc = piece; personal computerpd. = paid (钱款)已付perf = perform; performancePh.D. = Doctor of Philosophypk = park; peak (备注:pk这个符号大家可以根据时髦的用语来灵活拓展其含义) pkg = packagePLS = pleasep.m. = post meridiem = [w]afternoon POB = post-office boxpop = popular; populationpr. = pair; preferredprec = precedingprim = primary; primitiveprin. = principlepro = productProf. = professorpub. = public; publishqr. = quarterqt. = quantityqua = qualityr. = radius; railroad; retiredrcd = receivedrcpt = receiptRd = roadre = about (关于)reg = register; regionrep = representativerev = revise; reverse; revenuerm. = roomrpt = report; repeatSat. = Saturdaysch = schoolsci = sciencesec = second; section; sectorsig. = signal; signaturesitn = situationsp. = species (物种); specimen (标本) sq. = squareSTD = standardSun. = Sundaysurg = surgery; surgeontech = technologytel. = telephonetemp = temporary; temperature Thur. = ThursdayTKS = thankstrans = transaction; translationtrf = trafficTu. = TuesdayT.U. = Trade Union (英)工会ult = ultimateUN = United Nationsuniv = universityup = upperusu. = usuallyvil = villageV.P. = Vice Presidentvs. = versusv.v. = vice versa (反之亦然)wel = welcome; welfareXL = extra large (特大号)二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
≈/~大约,大概,···左右(about,around,roughly,,or so,approximately)
≠不同于,不等于,不代表,不平衡```(`be different from,It doesn’t mean,imbalance)
□国家,民族(county,state,nation,republic,kingdom);
某一个组织(community,organization,)
∧放在单词的上方,表示“最”的概念。
U酒杯状,表示合同,协议(treaty,agreement,contract)U内填入2,表示双边合同、协议,3即三遍,M即多边;加入“/”表示谈判破裂
@在……地方、领域(at)
&和,与(and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,further more)
》《对抗,对立关系,竞赛,战争(oppose,fight against,combat,battle,war,competition,beating;fight and quarrel
2表示“……化”放在单词右上角(-ize,-ization)现代化:现°,城镇化:urban°
“”所谓的,正如···所说(so called)
···还有许多,···等等,大量的(many other,and so on,a lot of)
继续(carry on,continue,constant)
:说,想,认为;表示,证明,显示(view,see,look,observe,notice,scan,skim,perceive,witness,discover,catch sight of;
↓减少,下降,降低,下跌,贬值,减弱,削弱:cut down,decline,decrease,descend,degrade,dropto,fall,go down,lower,lessen,reduce,sink,weaken
↑↑越来越好、高、多:more and more,higher and higher,better an better
<少于,低于(less/smaller/fewer/worse than,inferior to)
≥不少/低于,大于等于(more than,no less than,equal to)
≤小于等于,不超过,不多于(less than, equal to,no more than)
=同等,相当于,换句话说;一致,公平(means,that is to say,in other words,the sameas,be equal to,
△强调,重视(emphasis,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accentuate,highlight,
attatch importance to,lay stress on, pay attentioal area)
Think,consider,regard,reckon,deliberate,)
(3)图形符号
//转折(but,however,although,nevertheless)
结束(end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill,stop)
* /☆重要的,突出的,伟大的,有意义的(important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,great,prominent,grand
(
)并列关系
∵由于,因为,幸亏(because,due to,thanks to,as,owing to)
∴所以,因而,因此,结果是(so,therefore,as a result,consequently)
在···基础上(based on, on the basis of);影响,负担,压力(influence,effect,impact,pressure,stress,burden,load)
屈服:submit to
来自于,从……进口:be/come from,return,receive from,import from
追溯到:come/go/dateback to,originate
↑上升,发展,增加,加强,上涨:up,rise,arise,ascend,boost,bring up,climb to,develop,elevate,enhance,promote,roar,update,improve,nourish,lift
↓↓越来越坏、差、低:less and less,fewer and fewer,lower and lower,worse and worse
压力:pressure,stress,burden,load
影响,作用于:influence,affect,impact,have bearingon
Speak,say,state,tell,announce,maintain,claim,affirm,address,declare,suggest,
Show,demonstrate,indicate,imply;reflect,display,mirror,mean,reveal
Understand,comprehend,recognise,feel,
常用符号
1、数学符号
+加上,和;另外,除此之外;多(plus,and,in addition to,besides,many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of)
++(+2)"多"的比较级:more
-减去,缺乏,少(minus,lack,in short of)
!值得关注的,很重要的,需要重视的(pay attention to,important,attach importance to think much of,value)
·位置不同表示的概念不同。·d“昨天”,d·‘明天’,·y去年,y·明年
。1,、表示“人”,放在单词的右上角eg.中国人:中°,政客:政°,老师:T°
key, crucial,critical,essential,decisive,eventful,substaintial;
outstanding,distinguished,remakable;
chief,main,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming,most
⊥
//平行符号,与……相一致,相似,大致相当
/消除,解除,否定(cross out, eliminate)
∑总额,总数(total amount/number,add up to)
2.、标点符号
?问题,疑问,提问,质疑,怀疑(question,issue,doubt,ask,problem,puzzle,confused,mystery,bewildered)
√:赞成,表扬(praise,hail,applaud,agree,assent)
×:批评,否认,谴责(criticize,reproach,deny,disaffirm,condemn)
#仅仅,只是(only,simply,just)
号码(telephone number)
×#不仅(not only)
O圆圈代表地球,中间加一横线代表赤道。表示国际的,世界的,全球性的(international,worldwide,global,universal)
圈内空白,象征面无表情。表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much,
无敌(matchless,peerless,)
∈属于(belong to)
( )在···之间(among,within,in);包括,包含,涉及,组成
[ ]在···背景下(against this backdrop,background,uner the circumstance)
{···包含几个方面,注意几点
×错误,不好,坏的(wrong,incorrect,sth.bad,notorious,negative,not)
√好的,对的,积极地,赞成(correct,good,positive,affirmative,agree)
>多于,超过(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than,superior to,surpass)
加在动词下表示将来的动作,加在年份或名词下表示“…以来”、今后,……以后
过去的动作;加在表示时间的数字下表示“过去……天、年,“截止……时’
4,、箭头符号
→到达、传达,到……方向,出口到,提交:go into,arrive at,give to,end to,present to
导致,引发,引导:lead to,cause,result in, in the direction of
集合,统一,团结(pool…together,converge,solidarity,reunification)
¥人民币,利益,福利,收益,利润,有利于(benefits,welfare,,beneficial,profit,income,)
价值,价格
$美元,财富,金钱,投资,投入,花销(investment,expense,cost,input,money,fortune,treasur,estate)
全部,整体,总数,总值(whole,entire,total,holistic,panoramic,sum)