GERD_胃食管反流英文版
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Agents to Treat Gastric Acidity and Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease (GERD)
Presented by Abby Roth
Overview
• Introduction – Symptoms
• Causes – Peptic Ulcer Disease • H. pylori • NSAIDs – GERD
Causes of GERD
• Abnormalities with the Lower Esophageal Sphincter, or LES
• Stomach Abnormalities –Hiatal hernia – Link
Causes
• Medications –NSAIDs –Calcium Channel Blockers (high blood pressure, angina)
What is GERD?
• Condition where the stomach acid/content is pushed back or “refluxed” into the esophagus
• Affects 10 million Americans • Approximately 7% have daily
symptoms • Link
GERD vs. NERD
• Patients suffering symptoms are placed in two groups –Non-erosive reflux disease, or NERD –Erosive esophagitis
• Erosive esophagitis is characterized by swelling and Inflammation –Barrett’s Esophagus –Precursor to Esophageal Cancer
Acid-Peptic Disorders
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
–Occurs when there is an imbalance between the mucosal defense factors and the acid and pepsin.
Helicobacter pylori Infection
• Acetylcholine activates the cholinergic receptors
• Gastrin is released when food is present in the stomach
H. pylori
• Produce large amounts of urease
Urease H20
3 NH3 + CO2
Urea
H. pylori
• Secret proteins and toxins that interact with the stomach’s epithelial cells
• Obesity • Laying down after
a large meal • Eating close to
bed time • Exercise
Release of Gastric Acid
Release of Gastric acid
• Histamine stimulates acid release by interacting with the histamine receptor, H2
• Causes 80% of peptic ulcers • Survives the acid environment by attaching to
the sugar molecules that line the stomach wall • Uses the mucus
layer as protection
• Treatments
Who is Affected?
Gastric acidity and GERD affects people of all ages, races, and gender
Symptoms
• Heartburn
• Regusea
Medications
–Anticholinergics (urinary tract disorders)
–Beta Adrenergic Agonists (asthma) –Dopamine (Parkinson’s disease)
Causes
• Food and Drinks – Carbonated beverages – Chocolate – Alcohol – Citrus Fruits – Coffee or Tea – Fatty foods – Containing tomatoes – Mint – Spicy Food
Causes
• Smoking – Damages mucus membranes – Impairs muscle reflexes in the throat – Increases acid secretion – Reduces LES function and salivation
Causes
• Leads to inflammation and damage
NSAIDs
• Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen
• Can have an affect at very low doses
• Suppresses cylooxygenase-1
• Decrease production of prostaglandins
Symptoms Continued
• Hoarseness • Sore Throat • Chest Pain • Bad Breath • Dry Cough • Asthma*
Symptoms in Children
• Vomiting • Coughing • Breathing
Problems
Reflux Disease (GERD)
Presented by Abby Roth
Overview
• Introduction – Symptoms
• Causes – Peptic Ulcer Disease • H. pylori • NSAIDs – GERD
Causes of GERD
• Abnormalities with the Lower Esophageal Sphincter, or LES
• Stomach Abnormalities –Hiatal hernia – Link
Causes
• Medications –NSAIDs –Calcium Channel Blockers (high blood pressure, angina)
What is GERD?
• Condition where the stomach acid/content is pushed back or “refluxed” into the esophagus
• Affects 10 million Americans • Approximately 7% have daily
symptoms • Link
GERD vs. NERD
• Patients suffering symptoms are placed in two groups –Non-erosive reflux disease, or NERD –Erosive esophagitis
• Erosive esophagitis is characterized by swelling and Inflammation –Barrett’s Esophagus –Precursor to Esophageal Cancer
Acid-Peptic Disorders
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
–Occurs when there is an imbalance between the mucosal defense factors and the acid and pepsin.
Helicobacter pylori Infection
• Acetylcholine activates the cholinergic receptors
• Gastrin is released when food is present in the stomach
H. pylori
• Produce large amounts of urease
Urease H20
3 NH3 + CO2
Urea
H. pylori
• Secret proteins and toxins that interact with the stomach’s epithelial cells
• Obesity • Laying down after
a large meal • Eating close to
bed time • Exercise
Release of Gastric Acid
Release of Gastric acid
• Histamine stimulates acid release by interacting with the histamine receptor, H2
• Causes 80% of peptic ulcers • Survives the acid environment by attaching to
the sugar molecules that line the stomach wall • Uses the mucus
layer as protection
• Treatments
Who is Affected?
Gastric acidity and GERD affects people of all ages, races, and gender
Symptoms
• Heartburn
• Regusea
Medications
–Anticholinergics (urinary tract disorders)
–Beta Adrenergic Agonists (asthma) –Dopamine (Parkinson’s disease)
Causes
• Food and Drinks – Carbonated beverages – Chocolate – Alcohol – Citrus Fruits – Coffee or Tea – Fatty foods – Containing tomatoes – Mint – Spicy Food
Causes
• Smoking – Damages mucus membranes – Impairs muscle reflexes in the throat – Increases acid secretion – Reduces LES function and salivation
Causes
• Leads to inflammation and damage
NSAIDs
• Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen
• Can have an affect at very low doses
• Suppresses cylooxygenase-1
• Decrease production of prostaglandins
Symptoms Continued
• Hoarseness • Sore Throat • Chest Pain • Bad Breath • Dry Cough • Asthma*
Symptoms in Children
• Vomiting • Coughing • Breathing
Problems