金银纳米颗粒的制备与光学性质研究

2011届毕业设计（论文）

题目：

专业：光电子材料与器件

班级：光电1101

姓名：王麒

指导老师：朱杰君

起讫日期：

2015年 6 月

金银纳米结构的制备与光学性质研究

摘要

现代技术的发展在很大程度上依赖于现有材料的改进及新材料的产生。在纳米材料的研究热潮中，贵金属（尤其是Au和Ag）纳米材料因其独特的光、电、催化等特性受到众多研究领域的广泛关注。研究表明，金属纳米材料的性能与纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌密切相关。

本文主要研究了银纳米线和金纳米片的制备和其光学特性，通过简单的多羟基法成功制备了银纳米线和金纳米片。在反应温度为170℃的条件下，改变PVP与AgNO3的摩尔比R和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的聚合度k，制备出了银纳米线和银纳米颗粒的混合物，研究了其光学性质以及生长机制。在反应初期阶段，Ag离子与PVP链的极性基团的化学吸附可以促进银纳米线的生长。利用多羟基方法制备尺寸可控的金纳米片（厚度为数十纳米，尺寸在微米量级），在温度为180℃的情况下，改变PVP-K30与金离子摩尔比R(R=1，10，20，40)，探讨了金纳米片的最佳生长条件。

关键词：金银纳米结构多羟基过程液相合成生长机制表面等离激元共振

Study on the Synthesis and Optical Properties of Gold and

Silver Nanostructures

Abstract

The evolution of all modern technologies strongly depends on the improvement of existing materials and the development of new materials. In the hot research topic of nanomaterials, noble metal(especially for gold and silver) nanostructures have attracted particular attention because of their unique optical, electrical, catalytic properties. Recent investigations demonstrate that their properties are strongly depended on the size and shape of metal nanoparticles.

This paper mainly studies the synthesis and optical properties of silver nanowires and gold nanoplates, which were prepared by a simple poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-directed polyol synthesis process. Under a synthesis condition of

T=170℃, a mixture of Ag nanowires and nanoparticles was obtained by changing the molar ratios of PVP /AgNO3, and the chain length of PVP. The growth mechanism and optical properties of the nanowires were studied. It is proposed that the chemical adsorption of Ag+ on the PVP chains at the initial stage promotes the growth of Ag nanowires. Gold nanoplates(tens of nanometers in thickness and micrometers in size) have been synthesized through a polyol process. Under the condition of T=180℃, the suitable growth conditions for gold nanoplates was studied by changing the molar ratios of PVP/HAuCl4

(R=1,10,20,40).

Key words: silver and gold nanostructures; polyol process; growth mechanism; surface plasma resonance(SPR)