公开课

英语语法填空

学习目标：

1.认知2014年高考英语试卷中将出现的语法填空新

题型的测试形式及测试项目

2.能在愉快的教学范围中体会语法填空解题方式，轻

松做好应试准备

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快

速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：

一、纯空格试题的解题技巧

纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。

首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：

技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。

例1：I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __1it__ gets there almost in a second.

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。

例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help___2his___ rice crop grow up quickly.

技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。

例3：…who should have the honour of receiving me ___3__as_ a guest in their house.

技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例4：…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 and Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。

例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _who__5 _died in 1926.

例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, ___but 6___he felt very happy.

技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。判断方法：去掉it is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。

(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.

例7：…and __it_7__ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).

例8：… as __it_8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists..

例9：Dating sites also makes__it_9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。

例10：__10 Only___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

(4) so / such …that…句型

例11：This made the goat so jealous __ that _11___ it began plotting against the donkey.

(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。

例12：Cynthia’s story shows vivi dly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___12 than ____ how much he pays.

二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。

技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

例13：When I die, I will give13 (give) everything to you.

例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14_ closed _(close) my book and walked away.

例15：In Loganm three people _ were taken15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16results in (result) the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空）

例17：Now, Valentine’s Day is celebrated 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.

技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：

(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。

例18：…but it is not enough only _18 to memorize _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

例19：19 Speaking_(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。

例20：_20 To complete _(complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。

例21：He saw the stone, __ saying 21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”

例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _ followed 22_(follow) by the foreign guests.

技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。

例23：There are 23 uncomfortable(comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 equipment (equip) to dig holes

例25：These people have made great _ 25 contributions(contribute) to China with their work.

三、词类转换题的解题技巧

这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。

技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。

例26：The youngster immediately fell _26 silent _(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27 interested _(interest) in the subject.

技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。例28：As I looked _28 closely(close) at this girl, I found that…

例29：29 Fortunately (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。

例30：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ useless 30_(use).

例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31 unnecessary _(necessary) work in the office.

技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even harder _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.

例33：The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.

例34：…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 higher (high) 以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。

当堂检测

语法填空练习

Last Friday Miss Wang gave us a lesson on the history of English. I learned much from it. She said __1__ English was not the language of English until the 5th century when the Germans came. I never expected English has many French words just __2__ a Frenchman William became the king of England __3__ 1066. What’s more, we really couldn’t believ e our ears when Miss Wang told __4__ that English has become an international language __5__ (part) because its grammar is easy! Miss Wang said that other language in Europe have __6__