剑桥雅思11口语 Test4 Part3
剑桥雅思11听力Test4答案详细解析Section 3
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思11听力Test4答案详细解析Section 3,本单元其他相关解析，请点击：剑11 听力 Test3 Section1真题解析；剑11 听力 Test3 Section2真题解析；剑11 听力 Test3 Section3真题解析；剑11 听力 Test3 Section4真题解析。
剑桥雅思11听力Test4答案详细解析Section 3Question 21 & Question 22答案：B D (in either order)定位原文：scripts:D: they‘d done quite extensive tours in different continents...B: I wasn't specifically looking for artists who'd produced recordings, but this is something that's just taken for granted these days, arid they all had.解题思路：They‘d done quite extensive tours in different continents 对应选项D;后面提到recordings，以及they all had，对应B选项。
Question 23 & Question 24答案：A B (in either order)定位原文：scripts:JOANNA: I‘d thought it might ... it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen to talk. A: And I don't think using the phone meant I got less rich data, rather the opposite in fact.B: if I was going to interview leading musicians it’d only be possible over the phone解题思路：telephone interviews 定位后很容易听到B选项。
剑桥雅思Test4READINGPASSAGE3
剑桥雅思Test4READINGPASSAGE3READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has five sections A-E.Choose the correct heading for sections A and C-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Section A29Section C30Section D31Section Eshould be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and mostemerged awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic healthneeds of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining ifthey are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘publicgood’, r ather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social cond ition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development2 Gross Domestic ProductQuestions 32-35Classify the following as first occurringA between 1945 and 1950B between 1950 and 1980C after 1980Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited33 a sharp rise in the cost of health-care34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-careQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly linked to health-care.37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits of health-care resources became evident.38 In OECD countries population change have had an impact on health-care costs in recent years.39OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of health-care provision needed.40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make special provision for their health-care in the future.。
剑桥雅思 Test4 READING PASSAGE 3
READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has five sections A-E.Choose the correct heading for sections A and C-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Section A29Section C30Section D31Section Eshould be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and mostemerged awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining ifthey are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good’, r ather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development2 Gross Domestic ProductQuestions 32-35Classify the following as first occurringA between 1945 and 1950B between 1950 and 1980C after 1980Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited33 a sharp rise in the cost of health-care34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-careQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly linked to health-care.37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits of health-care resources became evident.38 In OECD countries population change have had an impact on health-care costs in recent years.39OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of health-care provision needed.40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make special provision for their health-care in the future.。
剑桥雅思11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文+题目+答案解析
剑桥雅思11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文+题目+答案解析剑11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文+题目+答案解析雅思给大家带来了剑11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文+题目+答案解析，更多真题解析，请点击：剑桥雅思11阅读解析剑11雅思阅读Test4解析：剑11雅思阅读Test4passage2原文+题目+答案解析剑11雅思阅读Test4passage1原文+题目+答案解析剑11雅思阅读Test4passage3原文A Of all mankinds manifold creations, language must take pride of place. Other inventions —the wheel, agriculture, sliced bread —may have transformed our material existence, but the advent of language is what made us human. Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it. Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself.B But language is foremost not just because it came first. In its own right it is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of expressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagi ne, and all the various stirrings of our soul’. This was how, in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the Port-Royal abbey near Versailles distilled the essence of language, and no one since has celebrated more eloquently the magnitude of its achievement. Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns ofpraise, for the homage to languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity. Language is mankind’s greatest invention — except, of course, that it was never invented. This apparent paradox is at the core of our fascination with language, and it holds many of its secrets.C Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this instrument make so much out of barely three dozen measly morsels of sound? In themselves, these configurations of mouth — p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,e and so on — amount to nothing more than a few haphazard spits and splutters, random noises with no meaning, no ability to express, no power to explain. But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe.D The most extraordinary thing about language, however, is that one doesn’t have to be a genius to set its wheels in motion. The language machine allows just abouteverybody — from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl —to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest exertion. Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday life its triumphs are usually taken for granted. The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and expertise that must have gone into making it tick. Language conceals art.E Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of languages design. One of the showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole sentence to say. The Turkish word ?ehirlili?tiremediklerimizdensiniz, to take one example, means nothin g less than ‘you are one of those whom we cant turn into a town-dweller’. (In case you were wondering, this monstrosity really is one word, not merely many different words squashed together — most of its components cannot even stand up on their own.)F And if that sounds like some one-off freak, then consider Sumerian, the language spoken on the banks of the Euphrates some 5,000 years ago by the people who invented writing and thus enabled the documentation of history. A Sumerian word like munintuma’a (‘when he had made it suitable for her’) might seem rather trim compared to the Turkish colossus above. What is so impressive about it, however, is not its lengthiness but rather the reverse —the thrifty compactness of its construction. The word is made up of different slots, each corresponding to a particular portion of meaning. This sleek design allows single sounds to convey useful information, and in fact even the absence of a sound has been enlisted to express something specific. If you were to ask which bit in the Sumerian word corresponds to the pronoun ‘it’ in the English translation when he had made it suitable for her, then the answer would have to be nothing. Mind you, a very particular kind of nothing: the nothing that stands in the empty slot in the middle. The technology is so fine-tuned then that even a non-sound, whencarefully placed in a particular position, has been invested with a specific function. Who could possibly have come up with such a nifty contraption?剑11雅思阅读Test4passage3题目：You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headings。
剑桥11 T2 S3+4听力文本
Now when we get to our findings I thought we could divide them up into the different zoneswe identified on the shore and the problems organisms face in each zone.So for the highest area.....The splash zone?Yeah, we found mostly those tiny shellfish that have strong hard shells that act as protection.But not from other organisms that might eat them, predators?No, that's not the main danger for them.But the shells prevent them from drying out because they're in the open air for most of the time. Right. And since they're exposed, they need to be able to find some sort of shelter,or cover themselves up, so they don't get too hot.Then in the middle and lower zones, nearer the sea, we need to discuss the effects of wave action...Yes, and how organisms develop structures to prevent themselves from being swept away,or even destroyed by being smashed against the rocks.I haven't done anything on the geological changes. I don't know what to put for that.No, we weren't concentrating on that. Maybe we need to find some websites.Good idea. I've got the lecture notes from Mr. Blake's geology course, but they're too general. But we could ask him which books on our Reading List might be most helpful.Right. OK, now I did a draft of the section of sources of possible error in our research,but I don't know if you agree.For example, the size of the sample, and whether it's big enough to make any general conclusions from.But I thought actually we did have quite a big sample.We did. And our general method of observation seemed quite reliable.But we might not be all that accurate as far as the actual numbers go.Yeah, we might have missed some organisms —if they were hiding under a rock for example.I wasn't sure about the way we described their habitats.I decided it was probably OK.Yeah, and the descriptions we gave of the smaller organisms, they weren't very detailed,but they were adequate in this context.I'm not sure we identified all the species correctly though.OK, we'd better mention that. Now, how we...S4We've been discussing the factors the architect has to consider when designing domestic buildings.I'm going to move on now to consider the design of public buildings,and I'll illustrate this by referring to the new Taylor Concert Hall that's recently been completed here in the city.So, as with a domestic building, when designing a public building, an architect needs to consider the function of the buildingfor example, is it to be used primarily for entertainment, or for education, or for administration? The second thing the architect needs to think about is the context of the building,this includes its physical location obviously but it also includes the social meaning of the building, how it relates to the people it's built for.And finally for important public buildings,the architect may also be looking for a central symbolic idea on which to base the design,a sort of metaphor for the building and the way in which it is used.Let's look at the new Taylor Concert Hall in relation to these ideas.The location chosen was a site in a run-down district that has been ignored in previous redevelopment plans.It was occupied by a factory that had been empty for some years.The whole area was some distance from the high-rise office blocks of the central business district and shopping centre,but it was only one kilometre from the ring road.The site itself was bordered to the north by a canalwhich had once been used by boats bringing in raw materials when the area was used for manufacturing.The architect chosen for the project was Tom Harrison.He found the main design challenge was the location of the site in an area that had no neighbouring buildings of any importance.To reflect the fact that the significance of the building in this quite run-down location was as yet unknown,he decided to create a building centred around the idea of a mystery--something whose meaning still has to be discovered.So how was this reflected in the design of the building?Well, Harrison decided to create pedestrian access to the building and to make use of the presence of water on the site.As people approach the entrance they therefore have to cross over abridge.He wanted to give people a feeling of suspense as they see the building first from a distance, and then close-up,and the initial impression he wanted to create from the shape of the building as a whole was that of a box.The first side that people see, the southern wall, is just a high, flat wall uninterrupted by any windows.This might sound off-putting, but it supports Harrison's concept of the buildingthat the person approaching is intrigued and wonders what will be inside.And this flat wall also has another purpose.At night-time projectors are switched on and it functions as a huge screen onto which images are projected.PART 2The auditorium itself seats 1500 people.The floor's supported by ten massive pads.These are constructed from rubber,and so are able to absorb any vibrations from outside and prevent them from affecting the auditorium.The walls are made of several layers of honey-coloured wood, all sourced from local beech trees. In order to improve the acoustic properties of the auditorium and to amplify the sound,they are not straight, they are curved.The acoustics are also adjustable according to the size of orchestra and the type of music being played.In order to achieve this, there are nine movable panels in the ceiling above the orchestra which are all individually motorized,and the walls also have curtains which can be opened or closed to change the acoustics.The reaction of the public to the new building has generally been positive.However the evaluation of some critics has been less enthusiastic.In spite of Harrison's efforts to use local materials they criticise the style of the design as being international rather than local,and say it doesn't reflect features of the landscape or society for which it is built.剑桥雅思听力11原文(test3)SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-6Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Free activities in the Burnham areaExampleThe caller wants to find out about events onA 27 June.B 28 June.29 June.1 The ‘Family Welcome’event in the art gallery begins atA 10 am.B 10.30 am.C 2 pm.2 The film that is now shown in the ‘Family Welcome’event is aboutA sculpture.B painting.C ceramics.3 When do most of the free concerts take place?A in the morningB at lunchtimeC in the evening4 Where will the 4 pm concert of Latin American music take place?A in a museumB in a theatreC in a library5 The boat race begins atA Summer Pool.B Charlesworth Bridge.C Offord Marina.6 One of the boat race teamsA won a regional competition earlier this year.B has represented the region in a national competition.C has won several regional competitions.Questions 7-10Complete the sentences below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Paxton Nature Reserve7 Paxton is a good place for seeing rare __________ all year round.8 This is a particularly good time for seeing certain unusual __________.9 Visitors will be able to learn about __________ and then collect some.10 Part of the __________ has been made suitable for swimming.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-15Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Changes in Barford over the last 50 years11 In Shona’s opinion, why do fewer people use buses in Barford these days?A The buses are old and uncomfortable.B Fares have gone up too much.C There are not so many bus routes.12 What change in the road network is known to have benefited the town most?A the construction of a bypassB the development of cycle pathsC the banning of cars from certain streets13 What is the problem affecting shopping in the town centre?A lack of parking spacesB lack of major retailersC lack of restaurants and cafes14 What does Shona say about medical facilities in Barford?A There is no hospital.B New medical practices are planned.C The number of dentists is too low.15 The largest number of people are employed inA manufacturing.B services.C education.Questions 16-20What is planned for each of the following facilities?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 16-20.PlansA It will move to a new location.B It will have its opening hours extended.C It will be refurbished.D It will be used for a different purpose.E It will have its opening hours reduced.F It will have new management.G It will be expanded.Facilities16 railway station car park __________17 cinema __________18 indoor market __________19 library __________20 nature reserve __________SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-26Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Subject of drawing Change to be madeA 21 __________ surrounded by trees Add Malcolm and a 22 __________ noticing himPeople who are 23 __________ outside the forest Add Malcolm sitting on a tree trunk and 24 __________Ice-skaters on 25 __________ covered with ice Add a 26 __________ for each personQuestions 27-30Who is going to write each of the following parts of the report?Write the correct letter, A-D, next to Questions 27-30.A Helen onlyB Jeremy onlyC both Helen and JeremyD neither Helen nor JeremyParts of the report27 how they planned the project __________28 how they had ideas for their stories __________29 an interpretation of their stories __________30 comments on the illustrations __________SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.ETHNOGRAPHY IN BUSINESSEthnography: research which explores human culturesIt can be used in business:to investigate customer needs and 31 __________to help companies develop new designsExamples of ethnographic research in businessKitchen equipmentResearchers found that cooks could not easily see the 32 __________ in measuring cups.Cell phonesIn Uganda, customers paid to use the cell phones of entrepreneurs.These customers wanted to check the 33 __________ used.Computer companiesThere was a need to develop 34 __________ to improve communication between system administrators and colleagues.HospitalsNurses needed to access information about 35 __________ in different parts of the hospital.AirlinesRespondents recorded information about their 36 __________ while travelling.Principles of ethnographic research in businessThe researcher does not start off with a hypothesis.Participants may be selected by criteria such as age, 37 __________ or product used.The participants must feel 38 __________ about taking part in the research.There is usually direct 39 __________ of the participants.The interview is guided by the participant.A lot of time is needed for the 40 __________ of the data.Researchers look for a meaningful pattern in the data.。
剑桥雅思阅读11真题及答案解析(test3)
剑桥雅思阅读11真题及答案解析(test3)剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test3)1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE STORY OF SILKThe history of the world’s most lu某urious fabric, from ancient China to the present daySilk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons — soft protective shells — that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered silkworms. One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband’s gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsiblefor the destruction of several mulberry trees. She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a rest. It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine thread. Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her fingers. Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry trees. She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into fabric. While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known thatsilk cultivation has e某isted in China for several millennia.Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and weaving. Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally,only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of silk. The rules were gradually rela某ed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear silk. Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of currency. Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their ta某es in grain and silk. Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the emperor. Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical instruments and paper were all made using silk. The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168 AD.Demand for this e某otic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the East. It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than gold. The Silk Road stretched over 6,000 kilometres from Eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, following the Great Wall of China, climbing the Pamir mountain range, crossing modern-day Afghanistan and going on to the Middle East, with a major trading market in Damascus. From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Sea. Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of middlemen.With the mulberry silkworm being native to China, the country was the world’s sole producer of silk for many hundreds of years. The secret of silk-making eventually reached the rest of the world via the Byzantine Empire, which ruled over the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the period 330-1453 AD. According to another legend, monks working for theByzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking canes. The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial monopoly. Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificentsilks in the process. Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these lands. Andalusia in southern Spain was Europe’s main silk-producing centre in the tenth century. By the thirteenth century, however, Italy had become Europe’s leader in silk production and e某port. Venetian merchants traded e某tensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Italy. Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed reputation.The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk industry. Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the trend. Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and parachutes. The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk industry. After the Second World War, Japan’s silk production was restored, with improved production and quality of raw silk. Japan was to remain the world’s biggest producer of raw silk, and practically the only major e某porter of raw silk, until the 1970s. However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world’s biggest producer and e某porter of raw silk and silk yarn. Today, around125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in China.Questions 1-9Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 1-9 on your answer sheet.THE STORY OF SILKEarly silk production in ChinaAround 3000 BC, according to legend:- silkworm cocoon fell into emperor’s wife’s 1 __________- emperor’s wife invented a 2 __________ to pull out silk fibres Only 3 __________ were allowed to produce silkOnly 4 __________ were allowed to wear silkSilk used as a form of 5 __________- e.g. farmers’ ta某es consisted partly of silkSilk used for many purposes- e.g. evidence found of 6 __________ made from silk around 168 ADSilk reaches rest of worldMerchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back 7__________ and precious metals550 AD: 8 __________ hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to ConstantinopleSilk production spreads across Middle East and Europe20th century: 9 __________ and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk productionQuestions 10-13Do the following statements agree with the information in ReadingPassage 1?In bo某es 10-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this10 Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk Road.11 Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk Road.12 The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the West.13 Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently e某ported from China.2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Great MigrationsAnimal migration, however it is defined, is far more than just the movement of animals. It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals ?— often in an annual cycle — that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after a long journey. It suggests inherited instinct. The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all migrations. They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival; they demand special allocations of energy. And one more: migrating animals maintain anintense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals aside.An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the e某treme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat along the way. While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies on. Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger purpose. In other words, it is determined to reach its destination. The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate later. Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is arrival.Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear offspring.But migration is a comple某 issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they study. Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition suited to his beasts: ‘movements from a seasonal home area away to another home area and back again’. Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources that aren’t available within a single area year-round.But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean —upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators —can also be considered migration. So can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant, their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning to where it started.Dingle is an evolutionary biologist who studies insects. His definition is more intricate than Berger’s, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of movement. They allow for the fact that, for e某ample, aphids will becomesensi tive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to land. Birds willfatten themselves with heavy feeding in advance of a long migrational flight. The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.Human behaviour, however, is having a detrimental impact on animal migration. The pronghorn, which resembles an antelope, though they are unrelated, is the fastest land mammal of the New World. One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the plains. Here they wait out the frozen months, feeding mainly on sagebrush blown clear of snow. These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three bottlenecks. If they can’t pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can’t reach theirbounty of summer grazing; if they can’t pass through again in autumn, escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep snow. Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders of land, where they can see and run. At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private homes. Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn, threatening to choke off their passageway.Conservation scientists, along with some biologists and land managers within the USA’s National Park Service and other agencies, are now working to preserve migrational behaviours, not just species and habitats. A National Forest has recognised the path of the pronghorn, much of which passes across its land, as a protected migration corridor. But neither the Forest Service nor the Park Service can control what happens on private land at a bottleneck. And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further — by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the way. We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while longer.Questions 14-18Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In bo某es 14-18 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when offered food.15 E某perts’ definitions of migration tend to vary according t o their area of study.16 Very few e某perts agree that the movement of aphids can be considered migration.17 Aphids’ journeys are affected by changes in the light that they perceive.18 Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.Questions 19-22Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 19-22 on your answer sheet.19 According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to20 To prepare for migration, animals are likely to21 During migration, animals are unlikely to22 Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals’ ability toA be discouraged by difficulties.B travel on open land where they can look out for predators.C eat more than they need for immediate purposes.D be repeated daily.E ignore distractions.F be governed by the availability of water.G follow a straight line.Questions 23-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 23-26 on your answer sheet.The migration of pronghornsPronghorns rely on their eyesight and 23 __________ to avoid predators. One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the 24 __________, where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of year. However, their route between these two areas contains three 25 __________. One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow 26 __________ of land on the pronghorns’ route.3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Preface to ‘How the other half thinks: Adventures inm athematical reasoning’A Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts — parts so simple a beginner could play them. So it is with mathematics as well. There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or trigonometry. Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic, such as ‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’, and common sense. Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this phenomenon. Anyone can understand every step in the reasoning.The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes not even that. Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical e某perience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of thinking.B One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of thinking. I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries, but, more importantly, the reasoning behind them.In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general public. Some present the lives of colorful mathematicians. Others describe important applications of mathematics. Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using algebra.C I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain (analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant role. The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the brain. To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, anelectrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short stories.D Other scientists have written books to e某plain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their theories. The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing thedetails in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is e某panding universe, subatomic particles, or chromosomes. Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively, when a part of the physical universe is finally understood, its description often looks like a page in a mathematics te某t.E Still, the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical reasoning. This book presents the details thatillustrate the mathematical style of thinking, which involves sustained, step-by-step analysis, e某periments, and insights. You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a newspaper. It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out e某periments.F As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the book.This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills. Many careers, such as law and medicine, require e 某tended, precise analysis. Each chapter offers practice infollowing a sustained and closely argued line of thought. That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials:G A physician wrote, ‘The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared me e某tremely well for medical school. In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be found. The process is similar to doing mathematics.’A lawyer made the same point, ‘Although I had no background in law — not even one political science course — I did well at one ofthe best law schools. I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated principles. Lawyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others cannot.’I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple, evenna?ve, questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated applications.Questions 27-34Reading Passage 3 has seven sections, A-G.Which section contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 27-34 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge28 the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics29 personal e某amples of being helped by mathematics30 e某amples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible31 mention of different focuses of books about mathematics32 a contrast between reading this book and reading other kinds of publication33 a claim that the whole of the book is accessible to everybody34 a reference to different categories of intended readers ofthis bookQuestions 35-40Complete the sentences below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo某es 35-40 on your answer sheet.35 Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a __________.36 It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a limited knowledge of __________.37 The writer intends to show that mathematics requires__________ thinking, as well as analytical skills.38 Some books written by __________ have had to leave out the mathematics that is central to their theories.39 The writer advises non-mathematical readers to perform__________ while reading the book.40 A lawyer found that studying __________ helped even more than other areas of mathematics in the study of law.剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test3)1 参考译文：丝绸的故事世上最昂贵奢华织物的历史，从古代中国直到今天丝绸是种细软、光滑的布料，产自桑蚕(该昆虫的幼体形态)制作出的蚕茧——即其柔软的保护性外壳。
剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4)
剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4)剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test4)1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Research using twinsTo biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle the influence of genes and the environment — of nature and nurture. Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they sharevirtually the same genetic code. Any differences between them — one twin having younger looking skin, for e某ample — must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.Alternatively, by comparing the e某periences of identical twins with those of fraternal twins, who come from separate eggs and share on average half their DNA, researchers can quantify the e某tent to which our genes affect our lives. If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.These two lines of research — studying the differences between identical twins to pinpoint the influence of environment, and comparing identical twins with fraternal ones to measure the role of inheritance — have been crucial to understanding the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease.The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton firstsuggested the approach (and coined the phrase ‘nature and nurture’). But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults. Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what became known as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Numerous tests were carried out on the twins, and they were each asked more than 15,000 questions.Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data toidentify how far twins were affected by their genetic makeup. The key to their approach was a statistical concept called heritability. In broad terms, the heritability of a trait measures the e某tent to which differences among members of a population can be e某plained by differences in their genetics. And wherever Bouchard and other scientists looked, it seemed, they found the invisible hand of genetic influence helping to shape our lives.Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion: that nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces at work. According to a recent field called epigenetics, there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases serves as a bridge between the environment and our genes, andin others operates on its own to shape who we are.Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a‘third component’. These reactions influence how our genetic codeis e某pressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys — each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are — then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes. Studies of animals, for e某ample, have shown that when a rat e某periences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up. Other epigenetic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for e某ample.Geneticist Danielle Reed has worked with many twins over the years and thought deeply about what twin studies have taught us.‘It’s very clear when you look at twins tha t much of what they share is hardwired,’ she says. ‘Many things about them are absolutely the same and unalterable. But it’s also clear, when you get to know them, that other things about them are different. Epigenetics is the origin of a lot of those differences, in my view.’Reed credits Thomas Bouchard’s work for today’s surge in twin studies. ‘He was the trailblazer,’ she says. ‘We forget that 50 years ago things like heart disease were thought to be caused entirely by lifestyle. Schizophrenia was thought to be due to poor mothering. Twin studies have allowed us to be more reflective aboutwhat people are actually born with and what’s caused by e某perience.’Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our underst anding even further. ‘What I like to say is that nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,’ she says. Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can. That’s epigenetics. Now thatwe’re actually ab le to look at the DNA and see where the pencil writings are, it’s sort of a whole new world.’Questions 1-4Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In bo某es 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 There may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin of identical twins looks.2 Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.3 Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.4 Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental processes.Questions 5-9Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the list of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in bo某es 5-9 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of ResearchersA Francis GaltonB Thomas BouchardC Danielle Reed5 invented a term used to distinguish two factors affecting human characteristics6 e某pressed the view that the study of epigenetics willincrease our knowledge7 developed a mathematical method of measuring genetic influences8 pioneered research into genetics using twins9 carried out research into twins who had lived apartQuestions 10-13Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.Write the correct letter, A-F, in bo某es 10-13 on your answer sheet.Epigenetic processesIn epigenetic processes, 10 __________ influence the activity of our genes, for e某ample in creating our internal 11 __________ The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be affected by our 12 __________ One e某ample is that if a pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its 13 __________.A nurtureB organsC codeD chemicalsE environmentF behaviour/behavior2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.An Introduction to Film SoundThough we might think of film as an essentially visual e某perience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much theresponsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mi某ed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects, and music.Let us start with dialogue. As is the case with stage drama, dialogue serves to tell the story and e某presses feelings and motivations of characters as well. Often with film characterization the audience perceives little or no difference between the character and the actor. Thus, for e某ample, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film personality and life personality seem to merge. Perhaps this is because the very te某ture of a performer’s voice supplies an element of character.When voice te某tures fit the performer’s physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very realistic persona emerges. The viewer sees not an actor working at his craft, but another human being struggling with life. It is interesting to note that how dialogue is used and the very amount of dialogue used varies widely among films. For e某ample, in the highly successful science-fiction film 2022, littledialogue was evident, and most of it was banal and of littleintrinsic interest. In this way the film-maker was able to portray what Thomas Sobochack and Vivian Sobochack call, in An Introduction to Film, the ‘inadequacy of hu man responses when compared with the magnificent technology created by man and the visual beauties of the universe’.The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the filmitself and thus its humor. The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot. This film presents pure escapism — largely due to its frenetic dialogue.Synchronous sound effects are those sounds which are synchronized or matched with what is viewed. For e某ample, if the film portrays a character playing the piano, the sounds of the piano are projected. Synchronous sounds contribute to the realism of film and also help to create a particular atmosphere. For e某ample, the ‘click’ of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the audience that the image portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously note the e某pected sound. However, if the ‘click’ of an opening door is part of an ominous action such as a burglary, the sound mi某er may call attention to the ‘click’ with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense.Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen. Such sounds areincluded so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film. For e某ample, a film-maker might opt to include the background sound of an ambulance’s siren while the foreground sound and image portrays an arguing couple. The asynchronous ambulance siren underscores the psychic injury incurredin the argument; at the same time the noise of the siren adds to the realism of the film by acknowledging the film’s city setting.We are probably all familiar with background music in films,which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it is used to add emotion and rhythm. Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and/or the characters depicted. Inaddition, background music often foreshadows a change in mood. For e某ample, dissonant music may be used in film to indicate an approaching (but not yet visible) menace or disaster.Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes. For e某ample, a particular musical theme associated with anindividual character or situation may be repeated at various pointsin a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or ideas. Film sound comprises conventions and innovations. We have come to e某pect an acceleration of music during car chases and creaky doorsin horror films. Yet, it is important to note as well that sound is often brilliantly conceived. The effects of sound are often largely subtle and often are noted by only our subconscious minds. We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as totruly appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century — the modern film.Questions 14-18Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in bo某es 14-18 on your answer sheet.14 In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point thatA the director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming.B it would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the artistry of films.C the music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film.D it is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole responsibility for it.15 One reason that the writer refers to Humphrey Bogart is to e某emplifyA the importance of the actor and the character appearing to have similar personalities.B the audience’s wish that actors are visually appropriate for their roles.C the value of the actor having had similar feelings to the character.D the audience’s preference for dialogue to be as authentic as possible.16 In the third paragraph, the writer suggests thatA audiences are likely to be critical of film dialogue that does not reflect their own e某perience.B film dialogue that appears to be dull may have a specific purpose.C filmmakers vary considerably in the skill with which they handle dialogue.D the most successful films are those with dialogue of a high quality.17 What does the writer suggest about Bringing Up Baby?A The plot suffers from the filmmaker’s wish to focus on humorous dialogue.B The dialogue helps to make it one of the best comedy films ever produced.C There is a mismatch between the speed of the dialogue and the speed of actions.D The nature of the dialogue emphasises key elements of the film.18 The writer refers to the ‘click’ of a door to make the point that realistic soundsA are often used to give the audience a false impression ofevents in the film.B may be interpreted in different ways by different members ofthe audience.C may be modified in order to manipulate the audience’s response to the film.D tend to be more significant in films presenting realistic situations.Questions 19-23Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In bo某es 19-23 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this19 Audiences are likely to be surprised if a film lacksbackground music.20 Background music may anticipate a development in a film.21 Background music has more effect on some people than on others.22 Background music may help the audience to make certain connections within the film.23 Audiences tend to be aware of how the background music is affecting them.Questions 24-26Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below.Write the correct letter, A-E, in bo某es 24-26 on your answer sheet.24 The audience’s response to different parts of a film can be controlled25 The feelings and motivations of characters become clear26 A character seems to be a real person rather than an actorA when the audience listens to the dialogue.B if the film reflects the audience’s own concerns.C if voice, sound and music are combined appropriately.D when the director is aware of how the audience will respond.E when the actor’s appearance, voice and moves are consistent with each other.3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has si某 paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list ofheadings below. Write the correct number, i-vii, in bo某es 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Differences between languages highlight their impressiveness ii The way in which a few sounds are organised to convey a huge range of meaningiii Why the sounds used in different languages are not identical iv Apparently incompatible characteristics of languagev Even silence can be meaningfulvi Why language is the most important invention of allvii The universal ability to use language27 Paragraph A28 Paragraph B29 Paragraph C30 Paragraph D31 Paragraph E32 Paragraph F‘This Marvellous Invention’A Of all mankinds manifold creations, language must take pride of place. Other inventions — the wheel, agriculture, sliced bread —may have transformed our material e某istence, but the advent of language is what made us human. Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it. Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself.B But language is foremost not just because it came first. In its own right it is a tool of e某traordinary sophistication, yet basedon an ide a of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of e某pressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various stirrings of our soul’. This was how,in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the Port-Royal abbey near Versailles distilled the essence of language, and no one since has celebrated more eloquently the magnitude of its achievement. Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity. Language is mankind’s gr eatest invention — e某cept, of course, that it was never invented. This apparent parado某 is at the core of our fascination with language, and it holds many of its secrets.C Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this instrument make so much out of barely three dozen measly morsels of sound? In themselves, these configurations of mouth — p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,e and so on — amount to nothing more than a few haphazard spits and splutters, random noises with no meaning, no ability to e某press, no power to e某plain. But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and thereis nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of e某istence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe.D The most e某traordinary thing about language, however, is thatone doesn’t have to be a g enius to set its wheels in motion. The language machine allows just about everybody — from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl — to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest e某ertion. Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday lifeits triumphs are usually taken for granted. The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and e某pertise that must have gone into makingit tick. Language conceals art.E Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many e某otic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of languages design. One of the showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of breath-breaking length, and thus e某press in one word what English takes a whole sentence to say. The Turkishword ?ehirlili?tiremediklerimizdensiniz, to take one e某ample, means nothing less than ‘you are one of those whom we cant turn into a town-dweller’. (In case you were wondering, this monstrosity really is one word, not merely many different words squashed together —most of its components cannot even stand up on their own.)F And if that sounds like some one-off freak, then consider Sumerian, the language spoken on the banks of the Euphrates some5,000 years ago by the people who invented writing and thus enabled the documentation of history. A Sumerian word like munintuma’a(‘when he had made it suitable for her’) might seem rather trim compared to the Turkish colossus above. What is so impressive aboutit, however, is not its lengthiness but rather the reverse — the thrifty compactness of its construction. The word is made up of different slots, each corresponding to a particular portion of meaning. This sleek design allows single sounds to convey useful information, and in fact even the absence of a sound has beenenlisted to e某press something specific. If you were to ask whichbit in the Sumerian word corresponds to the pronoun ‘it’ in the English translation when he had made it suitable for her, then the answer would have to be nothing. Mind you, a very particular kind of nothing: the nothing that stands in the empty slot in the middle. The technology is so fine-tuned then that even a non-sound, whencarefully placed in a particular position, has been invested with a specific function. Who could possibly have come up with such a nifty contraption?Questions 33-36Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 33-36 on your answer sheet.The importance of languageThe wheel is one invention that has had a major impact on 33__________ aspects of life, but no impact has been as 34 __________ as that of language. Language is very 35 __________, yet composed of just a small number of sounds. Language appears to be 36 __________ to use. However, its sophistication is often overlooked.A difficultB comple某C originalD admiredE materialF easyG fundamentalQuestions 37-40Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In bo某es 37-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this37 Human beings might have achieved their present position without language.38 The Port-Royal grammarians did justice to the nature of language.39 A comple某 idea can be e某plained more clearly in a sentence than in a single word.40 The Sumerians were responsible for starting the recording of events.剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test4)1 参考译文：双胞胎研究对于全世界的生物医药学研究者来说，双胞胎提供了一个宝贵的机会以供他们探究基因和环境——也就是先天和后天一所产生的影响。
剑桥雅思11雅思阅读Test4Passage3参考译文
本篇文章雅思培训班继续给大家分享：剑11雅思阅读Test4Passage3参考译文-美妙的发明。
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剑11雅思阅读Test4Passage3参考译文-美妙的发明A 在人类所有各种各样的创造品中，语言必定占有最重要的地位。
其他发明——车轮、农耕、切片面包——也许彻底改变了我们的物质生活，但语言的进步才是真正使得我们称其为人的关键所在。
与语言相比，所有其他发明在重要性上都会黯然失色，因为我们所取得的一切成就都有赖于语言并且源自于它。
如果没有语言，我们人类永远不可能登上凌驾所有其他动物、甚至驾驭大自然本身的高高位置。
B 但是语言之所以地位至高无上，并不仅仅因为它的先来先到。
就其本身而言它是一种极其精密复杂的工具，然而其基础理念却又简单纯粹得令人称奇：“这项奇妙的发明利用二十五或三十种发音组合出了那样无穷无尽的表达方式，这些发音自身虽然与我们心中所想并无相似之处，却使得我们可以借此向其他人展露出心中的全部秘密，令那些原本无法透视我们心灵的他人知晓我们全部的想象意念，以及我们灵魂中所有的震颤悸动。
”这就是在：1660年，位于凡尔赛附近Port-Royal修道院中那些著名的法语语法大师们所用来精炼地阐释语言精髓的措辞，自那以来再也没有其他人能用更加雄辩的方式来高度赞颂语言所取得成就的辉煌灿烂、举足轻重了。
即便如此，在所有这些赞颂之词中还是存在着一个问题，因为对于语言之独一无二成就的敬辞掩盖了一个简单却又至关重要的不一致性。
语言是人类最伟大的发明——只除了，当然了，它根本不是被发明的。
这种显而易见的悖论正是我们惊叹着迷于语言的核心原因，它包含着语言自身的许多秘密。
C 语言通常看起来如此匠心机巧、精密完善，除了将它视作某个天才大师的完美设计之外简直无法再做他想。
如若不然，这个工具是如何能用捉襟见肘的二三十个细碎音素拼凑出如此丰富意义的?如果单凭它们自己，这些不同口部形状所发出来的声音——p, f, b, v, t, d, k, g, sh, a, e等等——只不过是些随意的吞吐之声，没有任何含义的偶然声响，没有能力表达思想，没有力量解释说明。
剑桥雅思4-11task2大作文集合
Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1:Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be is the most effective. Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatreCambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to defineWhat factors are important in achieving happinessCambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinionCambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of thisWhat solutions can you suggestCambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.To what extent do you agree or disagreeCambridge IELTS 5TEST 2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 3:Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 4:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influenceCambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagreeCambridge IELTS 6TEST 2:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 3:Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 4:Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 2:Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 3:As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 4:Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a universityCambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 2:Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make Has this become a positive or negative developmentCambridge IELTS 8TEST 3:Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree What other measures do you think might be effectiveCambridge IELTS 8TEST 4:In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve themCambridge IELTS 9TEST 1:Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantagesCambridge IELTS 9Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children.).To what extent do you agree or disagreeCambridge IELTS 9TEST 3:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 4:Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinionCambridge IELTS 10TEST 1:It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinionWhat sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behavior to childrenTest 2:Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.(discuss/opinion题型)Test 3Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same prodcuts anywhere in the world.Do you think this is a positive or negative developmentTest 4Many museums charge for admission while others are free. Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages Cambridge IELTS 11Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statementGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Test 2Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycle. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement. To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their wasteSome people say that the only reason for language learning a foreign language is in order to travel to or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are not the only reasons why someone should learn a foreighn language.Discuss both these views and give your own opinionTest 4Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people ,however ,think that other types of progress are equally important for a country. Discuss both these view and give your own opinion.。
剑桥英语PET考试口语题库-PART3+4
PET口语题库-PART3+4一、口语Part 3看图讨论口语Part 3的关键词是discuss(讨论),由两名考生互相交谈。
考官会提供一张包含多张图片的情景任务图卡，并要求考生讨论与图片有关的活动、事物或地点，通过提议和协商达成一致意见(make recommendations and negotiate agreement)。
两名考生应该讨论不同的活动、事物或地点，分享各自的想法，提出建议并说明理由，还可以讨论其他可行的方案(make suggestions and give your reasons,discuss alternatives)。
此部分考生需要互相提问和回答(make and respond to suggestions)。
（一）对话如何展开?在Part 3考试中，考官会为考生描述一个情景，并给出一张包含多张图片的图卡，要求考生根据所给的图片选项进行讨论。
本部分主要考查考生在讨论不同的选项、表达观点和做出选择时，使用功能性语言提出建议并对建议做出反馈的能力。
要求对话时长为2~3分钟。
1.答题要点(1)考生应该集中精力全面参与任务，讨论所有图片选项，而不是急于得出结论。
(2)考生应该就对方的想法做出回应，并通过给出自己的看法或提出问题等方式来推进讨论。
2.五步展开对话(1)建议从某一个选项开始讨论，一般可先选择你认为最容易描述的图片；(2)表达自己的看法并简要说明原因；(3)询问对方的看法；(4)待对方说完后，再建议继续讨论下一个选项；(5)直到所有选项都讨论完后，做出最终选择。
3.注意事项(1)如果没有时间讨论完全部图片也不要紧，这不会影响最终得分；(2)眼睛要看着搭档，表示对他/她说的内容感兴趣；(3)仔细聆听并积极回应对方，同时要注意表情及身体语言得当；(4)注意交流的基本礼仪，比如不要随意打断对方；(5)避免说得太多，要适当地给对方表达观点的机会，否则会影响“互动沟通”方面的得分。
剑桥雅思4口语test4
Part1剑桥雅思4Test4雅思口语part1范文：visit话题Part 11. What place do you most like to visit?题目分析喜欢去的地方可以是名胜古迹、著名景区，也可以是普通的公园、小巷，考生可根据自己的喜好进行回答。
核心词汇parks, scenic spots, beauty spots, a point of scenic interest, resorts, noted sights, historic places, place famous for its scenery/ historic relics参考回答 1 I always love visiting university campuses. I don’ t know why. Maybe I just miss being a student.参考回答 2 I like to visit small parks where there are not too many people. I have noisy amusement parks full of people. I like to be able to sit quietly and read or just sit and day dream. I find it very refreshing.2. How often do you visit this place?题目分析如果是公园小巷等地方，可能经常去逛，如果是离家较远的景点，就不可能天天去了。
这里考生可以根据上一题的答案进行作答。
核心词汇 as often as I can, once a year, summer holiday参考回答 1 well, I can’ t say I visit university campuses regularly. But whenever I have time or come to another city, I would like to visit the local university.参考回答 2 I visit as often as I can which is not that often these days. If I’ m not working, I’ m often running errands for my grandparents. But, when I can, I will go.3. Why do you like it so much?题目分析可以是因为景色优美、历史故事，或因为在某处能享受到某些乐趣。
剑桥雅思4Test3雅思口语part3范文
剑桥雅思4Test3雅思口语part3范文剑桥雅思4Test3雅思口语part3范文Part 31. What do people enjoy doing when they visit rivers, lakes or the sea? Why do you think these activities are popular?题目分析人们在水边的活动往往是钓鱼、游泳、航行等，这些活动不仅能自我放松，还能欣赏水面的美景，这也是水边活动吸引人们的原因所在。
核心词汇fishing, swimming, sailing, scenery, relax参考回答1There are many water sports people enjoy doing when they visit rivers, lakes and seas, from swimming to diving, from surfing to water boarding. Anyway, most people love to see the sight of water. It is said to be able to heighten one’s spiritual perception.参考回答2I think that most people enjoy fishing, swimming, sailing or just sitting around and taking in the scenery, because all these activities are relaxing in one way or another. I personally think that most people just like to get away from the noise and pollution of big cities.2. What benefits do you think people get from the activities they enjoy in the water?题目分析人们可以在水边得到休息、放松等，考生可描述某件具体活动，以扩充自己的答案。
剑桥雅思真题系列4-13听力同义替换汇总（2）
剑桥雅思真题系列4-13听力同义替换汇总（2）剑4TEST1题号原题同义替换4-1-1School Programme9Read Have a look4-1-2Riverside Industrial Village11Such as Like13Over More than17Verdict Labelled20should not be without any4-1-3A Research Assignment21Doing work for another course A really big assignment due in foranother course22personal illness or accident Medical or compassionatereasons23read research methods Research methodology25don’t read Won’t bother26read conclusion Look at the last part27limited value Could be of some help,but notthat much28noisy neighbours the people living nearby disturbingthem29landlord Owner of the propertyuncooperative Won’t help fix things that gowrong30environment Neighborhood4-1-4The Urban Landscape32Better More33More or less A bit more,a bit less38A small effect The effect is not as large as40Require Need剑4TEST2题号原题同义替换4-2-1Two Tourists in Europe1a cold drink a chilled mineral water2weren’t working Down3an American man From New York4The bus route Bus system5Food Snack6open all day Open boring and afternoon8Free entry a charge for all of them except 4-2-2The Counselling Services11inform students about theirprogress Get proper feedback on how you are getting on in your subject.12time pressure Deadline13support Rely on for help14disruptions Interrupted15don't complete a course Drop out of a course16they can’t eat the local food.The local food is not to your liking 17assistance to buy books Get a low-interest loan of up to 600dollars20staff shortages Understaffed service4-2-3Details of Assignment25Too few people may respond Respond rate too low26less likely to Tend not tothe unexpected Anything unexpected29Publisher Published by4-2-4Antarctica35Need Without37appear unimportant seem insignificant38make profit result in profitLarge Massive40had tragic results Didn’t make the result any lessmagic剑4TEST34-3-1Accommodation Request Form1Length of time in Australia A year in Adelaide and six monthsin Sydney3Present Now5twin room Share a room9On a monthly basis Pay monthly10Part Proportion4-3-2Accommodation Request Form1125—31January at the end of the month12theatre theatrical events13several plenty of14Tent Marquee/canvas portable building 15Highlight The best4-3-3The Refresher Courses21going back to college Return to study22two days on the first and second ofFebruary23clarity Write more clearly24Read analytically Analyzing materia25encourage interest in learning Positive and enthusiastic abouttheir study26use time effectively time management27reserve a place in advance book well ahead of time28Monday,Tuesday andWednesday three consecutive mornings starting on a Monday29coping with stress stress management30start at the beginning starting from the basics 4-3-4New Union Building35Problems with Unpopular because of 38a mini fitness centre A small gym39a travel agency a travel agent40a poor use of resources a waste of funda minority Elitist剑4TEST44-4-2Travellite Holidays12Only in Western Europe Throughout the whole of Western Europe13a range of walking abilities All skills and fitness levels14the same as other clients No single client will pay more15most nights Nearly every night18book of local history Book giving the local history4-4-3Experiments for Children22show Demonstratewhy we need The importance ofstandard Fixed24How crystals grow Grow crystals27too dangerous A bit risky28too boring Need to be something a bit moreactive and interesting29too long Wait up to a fortnight30too difficult A bot ambitious4-4-4Sharks in Australia32Swimming aide helps the shark move forwardquickly34By using By35along the coastline Parallel to the shore36international center another section of the university38summer The warmest months,fromNovember to February39strong waves and currents high roiling waves and strong currents40moving sands lets the sand move剑5TEST1题号原题同义替换5-1-1Dreamtime Travel Agency1Type of transportation By minibus2Maximum Up to5nclude in the price of the tour no extra charge6part of the accommodationinclude in the price of the tour package5-1-2Cots for Baby12Did not have any Have no15Easy to Is simple to17Verdict Labelled20should not be without any5-1-3Management Diploma Course21fees the cost of the course itself 23lasts for Over24each month every four weeks27take last for28very much more30work on choose5-1-4Personal Finance32be prepared to lear be willing to learn33tend to do sth far more likely to do sth35Is left alone Is left without a partner38Develop Overcome40a high proportion of at least70%of剑5TEST2题号原题同义替换5-2-1North College Library1Must Need5Minimum start at6earliest up toin advance before you need it8need get5-2-2Bicycles for the World11voluntary worker voluntary organization12reach get13constant regularly14develop transform15could not meet its overheads ran out of money/no money to paythe bills17hoping to do sth looking to do sth18tools unwanted tools19bring in funds raise moneyidentify areas that need bikes 20places that would benefit fromreceiving a consignment ofbikes5-2-3Video Project21Go to Be inside22invite them to ask someone to23vocabulary words24large amount of a lot of25learning about finding ways of27importance important28whe n to+ν.when we would29make more effort to tried to5-2-4Antarctica31More than Over32be classified as fall into the category of38because of since39measure index of pollution40openings opportunities剑5TEST35-3-2Redford University11near London airport just35minutes from LondonAirport12close relationship with industry good links with local industryin the area13hold up delay14The same country Your own country16work independently Independent learning18in advance in June or at the very latest July 19contact Deal with5-3-3Feedback Form25too much work the whole load of work5-3-4Household Waste Recycling31x%lower than reduce by x%33lack of not enough34utilized used剑5TEST45-4-1Host Family Applicant8requiremen prefer to be9maximum up to5-4-2The Soccer Club Meeting12first event begin the season with a picnic 13final last week 5-4-3Box telecom21drop in falling22growing increased23cause of problems set back24ack of good training poor training26alter change27solutions overcome their problems28overcome its problems recover29too little investment attract the right level of investment 30need improvement do with some innovation5-4-4Cardiff University32highly debatable sources unreliable36oversee your induction provide orientation38tutors them40international center another section of the university剑6TEST1题号原题同义替换6-1-1Notes on Sports Club2available have6-1-2Rivenden City Theatre11entrance accessgiven separate entrance reorientedseparate own12temporarily closed reopen13reduced in number fewer14doubled twice15new replaced16converted into two large darkincreased in sizedressing rooms18Starting time Begin at19available There are6-1-3Part-time Management Centre21attend a class sit in on a teaching session22inform warn24Reduced Much less than26It is possible you can￡50for an individual30Individual membership costs￡506-1-4History of the East End31was used to Help to32New technology allowed The technology they introduced meant thatgoods made of metal and leather metal and leather goods 33Lack of fewer34the building of ships where ships were constructed 35other parts of England the rest of England37in conditions of great poverty In extreme povertyheating problems38like coal for fires which heatedperhaps just one room39be occupied by two full families overcrowding40badly built poor standards of building剑6TEST2题号原题同义替换6-2-1Art and Craft Workshops1Under Belowaccompany Are accompanied by3Security device security entrancepush press4behind at the back of5phone(v.)Call7wear Are in9title What we call6-2-2Train Information11Local services regional servicesrailway station train stations13depart Leave14The price of the cost of17essential Have to6-2-3Dissertation Tutorial Record21Read look throughIT catalogues catalogues specialising in IT 23Prepare Draw upA checklist for survey A survey checklistwhat Antarctica is like recreate the atmosphere ofAntarctica25Manage Get hold of26geological evidence fossils and rocks have beendiscovered27Add Have a few more28dated after later than30Start Embark upon6-2-4History of Moving Pictures31Feet Hooves32available technology existing technologies33new First entire34was very heavy weighed over200kilograms 35working alone those who started younger 35working alone independently36the film projector two wheels37removing tension took all the tension away 39For the first time Were first used40because of ForSubtitles were added they printed the dialogue剑6TEST36-3-1Part-time Job for Student4Current Present6occupation By profession9Every month Once a month10Supply information Register6-3-2Sponsored Walking Holiday11was unsure whether to buy was too slow making up his mindto buypersonal life wasn’t as successful 12experienced severe familyproblems13View as Regard asa typical building of the region a pure example of a traditionalcountry house of this part ofEngland18walk through Crossgoes along the river bank spreads along the banks of theriver19go over Crosswooded area woodland20go up to Climb up tpOn your way back when you return6-3-3Marketing Assignment21investigate look atone part of one area of22worked on the project taking part in the project23In total Altogether24similar Most are the same6-3-4Ireland31it is not clear hypotheseswhere the early Irish farmerscame fromthe origins of32above a certain level A similar sizeoverlook overestimated33limited severely restrictedthe distance the farmerscould sailthe range of the colonising fleets34the marks left on pots bygrains cereal grain accidentally became of a pot before it wasfired36pulled Drawn37exported Transported38make them watertight retain water,39like as if40Only just剑6TEST46-4-1Homestay Application2Payment by cheque Send a chequeon arrival at the conference office5approximately About6documents conference pack6-4-2Bicentennial Park11checking entrance tickets Stamping the entrance ticket12preparing refreshments Chef and the kitchen hands13directing car-park traffic Monitoring and directing the trafficin the car parks14Give out Hand out15explain about arrangements forsecurity go through the security arrangements18Title Called19Go to the main hall In the main hall 6-4-3Education Libraries School21a variety of A range of22together with and23relevant to the majority ofsecondary school subjects.covering most of the subjects taught in secondary schools24includes relate to28Making good use of thewhole range of libraryservicesHow to use the library's resources29Standard requirements whenwriting a dissertationa workshop on dissertations30Using the Internet whendoing researchfinding research materials online 6-4-4Asiatic Lions31almost about32Pictures clear images33disappeared from Europe Europe saw its last Asiatic lion 34a fold of skin on theirstomach a long fold of skin on their undersides36threat danger37protected saved38A large part of A significant proportion of 39sometimes even been known to剑7TEST1题号原题同义替换7-1-1Transport from Airport1Expensive Cost you/Way beyond my budget2direct to goes directly to3Long Quite a wait7-1-2PS Camping Holidays11organising holidays offering camping holidays 12most Majority13every day each day14a‘no noise’rule To be quite15must be Requireat the time of booking when you make your holidayreservation16a free gift a thank-you present18On request If require/Ask for/if you ask 7-1-3Individual Differencessit in on a teaching session 22due to factor23diversity VariationDevelop Help encouragecause The root of24potential leaders take the lead in a situation25balance conflicting needs consider the needs of…on one hand and…on the other26think independently think for themselves27early on at the beginning29more important than give priority to profit rather than 30cope with deal withincreased amounts of quite high levels of7-1-4Seminar on Rock Art32help children learn about tracking teach children about tracks33usually typical34Sometimes Seem to35control wild animals with magic use magic to control the animals 36look at observefrom a distance at a distance38damaged by Burn39Avoid never40Aim to Should剑7TEST2题号原题同义替换7-2-1Car Insurance4Insurance company Insurer10annual per year7-2-2Boat Trip14Lovely Beautiful16Good Wonderful17Specialize in Has a good range of20catch from depart from7-2-3Antarctic Treaty21geographically well positioned the second closest country toAntarctica/where we are22suitable equipment what scientists should take withthem23purpose Aim towhat Antarctica is like A survey checklistShow recreatewhat Antarctica is like the atmosphere of Antarctica 24extremely beautiful Awesome beauty25the shape of the continent shaped like a dome26geological evidence fossils and rocks have beendiscovered29no military use for peaceful use30no nuclear testing which prohibits any nuclearexplosions or waste disposa 7-2-4Handness in Sport31impressive size Sheer volume32aiding helpingplan tactics identify the most suitablestrategies33underestimate what sciencehas to offer rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists。
【朗阁福利】雅思剑11听说读写完整解析
【朗阁福利】雅思剑11听说读写完整解析导读今年的《剑桥雅思11》与2016年3⽉正式发布，这次分为两本书，⼀本是《剑桥雅思真题集11 A类》，另外⼀本是《剑桥雅思真题集G类》。
考⽣可以根据⾃⼰的情况购买，如果要去国外读书，只需购买A类就可以。
如果是有移民需求的同学，可以只买G类。
过往市⾯上G类的题⽬和素材相对较少，这也是很多G类考⽣感觉⽐较难的⼀点，⽽这次G类会有四套题发布，对G类考⽣来讲是个好事。
以下朗阁为你带来A类《剑11》的“听、说、读、写”逐⼀解析！Listening具体题型变化Section1：填空题为主信息题（姓名，地址，⽇期，邮编，电话）重要性下降新的趋势：SECTION1 部分出现选择题（TEST3和TEST4）第⼀部分会出现单选、匹配题符合⼏年来亚太地区的考试实情。
Section2和section3：单选，多选（5选2），匹配和地图（匹配型）为主。
多选题频繁的在TEST2和TEST4出现。
题型★剑桥11听⼒题型⽐例图提纲信息表格句⼦单选多选匹配地图25%12．5%7% 2.5%23%10%11%9%与2015年整年的题型分布相⽐：1、配对题2015年占整年考试占⽐16%。
⽽此次剑11配对题的⽐例仅占11%，仅在test3&4中有所呈现。
2、地图类的占⽐接近10%，相较2015年实际考情上升4%。
3、选择题的考试数量及分配有所不同。
剑11的test1&4中均出现了整个section⼗道题均为选择题的情况，这在以往的考试中是⾮常罕见的，难度略有增加。
场景分析场景上，剑桥11也是沿袭了前两个场景为⽣活类场景，后两个部分为学术场景。
这次剑桥11收录的⽣活类为租房，旅游，活动类介绍，地点介绍：学术场景主要集中为：实地考察，写学术类报告，调查研究以及专题讲座，具体主题如下图。
规律总览1、Section3&4的场景还是还是延续以往真题形式,以学术作业讨论及演讲报告为主。
雅思11test4大作文
雅思11test4大作文英文回答：The advent of technology has profoundly impacted theway we live our lives. While it has brought about numerous benefits, it has also raised concerns about its potential negative effects on society. One area that has been particularly affected by technological advancements is the education sector. In this essay, I will explore the multifaceted impacts of technology on education, examining both its advantages and drawbacks.Benefits of Technology in Education.1. Enhanced Accessibility and Equity: Technology has made education more accessible to a wider range of students, including those who live in remote areas or have disabilities. Online learning platforms and educationalapps provide flexible and convenient learning opportunities, breaking down traditional barriers to education.2. Personalized Learning: Technology allows for personalized learning experiences tailored to the individual needs of students. Adaptive learning software, for example, adjusts the difficulty level of content based on a student's performance, ensuring they are challenged appropriately.3. Increased Collaboration: Collaboration and peer learning are facilitated by technology tools such as video conferencing, online discussion boards, and social media. Students can interact with their peers and teachers from anywhere, enhancing their social and academic skills.4. Enhanced Engagement: Interactive simulations, virtual reality, and gamification techniques make learning more engaging and motivating. Technology can transform lessons into immersive experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of complex concepts.Drawbacks of Technology in Education.1. Digital Divide: While technology has the potential to bridge educational gaps, the digital divide remains a significant concern. Students from low-income families or underserved communities may lack access to devices and reliable internet connectivity, limiting their ability to fully participate in technology-enhanced education.2. Screen Time and Health Concerns: Excessive screen time associated with technology use can lead to physical and mental health issues, including eye strain, sleep disturbances, and sedentary behavior. It is important for educators and parents to encourage healthy technology habits and promote physical activity.3. Dependence on Technology: Overreliance on technology can lead to a decrease in critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and social interaction. Teachers must strike a balance between using technology as a tool and fostering essential non-digital skills.4. Privacy and Data Concerns: The use of educational technology raises privacy and data security concerns.Student data collected by online platforms and apps must be handled responsibly to protect the privacy of individuals.Conclusion.Technology has the potential to revolutionize education, providing both benefits and drawbacks. By carefully considering the multifaceted impacts of technology, educators and policymakers can leverage its advantageswhile mitigating its potential risks. By ensuring equitable access, promoting healthy technology habits, fostering critical thinking skills, and safeguarding privacy, we can harness the power of technology to create a more inclusive, effective, and engaging educational experience for all.中文回答：技术的利处。
剑桥雅思真题剑4test3
Test 3SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-4Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.Questions 5-7Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.5 Sara requires aA single room.B twin room.C triple room.6 She would prefer to live with aA familyB single person.C couple.7 She would like to live in aA flat.B houseC studio apartment.Questions 8-10Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.8 The----------------will be $320.9 She needs to pay the rent by cash or cheque on a ------------------ basis.10 She needs to pay her part of the --------------------bill.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-14Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.11 When is this year’s festival being heldA1-13 JanuaryB5-17 JanuaryC25-31 January12 What will the reviewer concentrate on todayA theatreB danceC exhibitions13 How many circuses are there in the festivalA oneB twoC several14 Where does Circus Romano performA in a theatreB in a tentC in a stadiumQuestions 15-20Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-25Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.21 The man wants information on courses forA people going back to college.B postgraduate students.C business executives.22The ‘Study for Success’ seminar lasts forA one day.B two days.C three days.23 In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve.A confidence.B speed.C clarity.24 Reading sessions help students to readA analytically.B as fast as possible.C thoroughly.25 The seminar tries toA prepare learners physically.B encourage interest in learning.C develop literacy skills.Questions 26-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.26 A key component of the course is learning how toA use time effectively.B stay healthy.C select appropriate materials.27 students who want to do the ‘Study for Success’ seminar shouldA register with the Faculty Office.B contact their Course Convenor.C reserve a place in advance.28The ‘Learning Skills for University Study’ course takes place onA Monday, Wednesday and Friday.B Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.C Monday, Thursday and Friday.29 A feature of this course isA a physical training component.B advice on coping with stress.C a detailed weekly planner.30 The ma n chooses the ‘Study for Success’ seminar becauseA he is over forty.B he wants to start at the beginning.C he seeks to revise his skills.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Question 31 and 32.Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.New Union BuildingProcedures to establish student opinion:students were asked to give written suggestions on the building’s design these points informed the design of a 3---------------------------(there were 32-------------------------respondents)results collated and report produced by Union CommitteeQuestions 33-37Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Question 38Choose TWO Letters A-GWhich TWO facilities did the students request in the new Union buildingA a libraryB a games roomC a student health centreD a mini fitness centreE a large swimming poolF a travel agencyG a lecture theatreQuestion 39Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Which argument was used AGAINST have a drama theatreA It would be expensive and no students would use it.B It would be a poor use of resources because only a minority would use it.C It could not accommodate large productions of plays.Question 40Choose TWO letter A-E.Which TWO security measures have been requestedA closed-circuit TVB show Union Card on entering the buildingC show Union Card when askedD spot searches of bagsE permanent Security Office on siteREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse.Children who work on the streets are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who take pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.Street Business Partnershipshas worked with partner organisations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.The Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages.A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to storetheir equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans.The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.Lessons learnedThe following lessons have emerged from the programs that and partner organisations have created.Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child. Ideally, potential participants will have been involved in the organisation's programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship-building will have already been established.The involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of relevant programs. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them.It is critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual's situation.Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assets such as bicycles, shoe shine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The loan amounts in programs have generally ranged from US$30-$100.All programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get theQuestions 1-4Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 The quotations in the box at the beginning of the articleA exemplify the effects of explain why was set up.C outline the problems of street children.D highlight the benefits to society of The main purpose of is toA draw the attention of governments to the problem of street children.B provide school and social support for street children.C encourage the public to give money to street children.D give business training and loans to street children.3 Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streetsA unemploymentB warC povertyD crime4 In order to become more independent, street children mayA reject paid employment.B leave their families.C set up their own businesses.D employ other children.Questions 5-8Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for answer.Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.provision of6………………………loansstoragefacilitiessavings plansThe Red Cross business training 8…………training access to creditQuestions 9-12Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage1In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the wirterNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.10 In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.12 The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answer in box 13 on your answer sheet.The writers conclude that money should only be lent to street childrenA as part of a wider program of aid.B for programs that are not too ambitious.C when programs are supported by local businesses.D if the projects planned are realistic and useful.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-27Reading Passage 2 has four sections A-D.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14Section A15Section B16Section C17Section DQuestions 18-21Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet.18 What are the sections of the earth’s crust, often associated with volcanic activity, called19 What is the name given to molten rock from the mantle20 What is the earthquake zone on the Pacific Ocean called21 For how many years did Mount Pinatubo remain inactiveQuestions 22-26Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth’s land surface. They may also have produced the world’s atmosphere an d 22……. Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth’s mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types of eruption. Sometimes the 23……. Moves slowly and forms outcrops of grani te on the earth’s surface. When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24……. A third type of eruption occurs when the lava emerges very quickly and 25…… violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26…… are emitted.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 belowQuestions 27-31Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs labeled A-G.Which paragraph contains the following informationWrite the correct letter A-G in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.27 the effect of recording on the way people talk28 the importance of taking notes on body language29 the fact that language is influenced by social situation30 how informants can be helped to be less self-conscious31 various methods that can be used to generate specific dataQuestions 32-36Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.Questions 37-40Complete the summary of paragraph G below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37……. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38……. The length of time the process takes will affect the 39…… of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40…… of those who speak the language concerned.WRITINGWRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic;Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinionGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.SPEAKINGPART 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.ExampleLeisureDo you have any hobbies or intereszts [What are they]How did you become interested in (whatever hobby/interest the candidate mentionsw)How do you usually spend your holidayIs there anywhere you would particularly like to visit [Why]PART 2Describe a river, lake or sea which you like.You should say:What the river, lake or sea is calledWhere it isWhat the land near it is likeAnd explain why you like this river, lake or sea.You will have3 to talk about the topic for one to two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.PART 3Discussion topics:Water-based leisure activitiesExample questions:What do people enjoy doing when they visit rivers, lakers or the sea Why do you think these activities are popularWhat benefits do you think people get from the activities they enjoy in the water What are the different advantages of going to the sea or the swimming pool to enjoy yourself What do you think the disadvantages areThe economic importance of rivers, lakes and the seaExample questions:How does water transport, like boats and ships, compare with other kins Are thereany advantages/disadvantages of water transportHow important is it for a town or city to be located near a river or the sea Why Have there been any changes in the number of jobs available in fishing and water transport industries, do you think Why do you think this is。
雅思11 test3大作文
雅思11 test3大作文英文回答：Introduction:Education is a fundamental pillar of societal development, playing a pivotal role in shaping the minds and capabilities of individuals. While the traditional model of face-to-face instruction has long been the norm, the advent of technology has paved the way for the emergence of online education, offering a flexible and accessible alternative to conventional learning methods. This essay delves into the merits and drawbacks of online education, scrutinizing its potential to transform the educational landscape.Advantages of Online Education:Flexibility and Convenience: Online education transcends geographical and temporal constraints, allowingstudents to learn at their own pace and schedule. This flexibility empowers learners with diverse responsibilities and commitments to pursue higher education without disrupting their daily routines.Global Reach and Diversity: Online platforms connect students from all corners of the world, fostering a global learning community. This exposure to different perspectives and experiences enriches the educational environment and promotes cultural understanding.Cost-effectiveness: Compared to traditional education, online programs often offer lower tuition fees and fewer associated expenses such as transportation and accommodation. This cost advantage makes higher education more accessible to a broader range of individuals.Personalized Learning: Online education provides students with the opportunity to tailor their learning experiences to their individual needs. Interactive simulations, personalized feedback, and adaptive learning algorithms empower learners to engage with the material ina way that maximizes their comprehension.Disadvantages of Online Education:Social Isolation: Online learning can lead to social isolation as students primarily interact with their instructors and peers through virtual platforms. This lack of face-to-face interaction can hinder the development of interpersonal skills and networking opportunities.Technical Difficulties: Online education relies heavily on technology, which can sometimes malfunction or pose barriers to access. Students without reliable internet connections or adequate technical literacy may face challenges in completing their coursework effectively.Lack of Structure and Accountability: The flexibility of online education can also be a disadvantage, as some students may struggle with self-motivation and discipline. Without regular in-person interactions with instructors, students may lack the accountability and guidance necessary to succeed.Assessment Challenges: Assessing students' learning outcomes in an online environment can be challenging. Traditional methods such as written exams and presentations may not fully capture the skills and knowledge acquired through virtual instruction.Conclusion:Online education offers a transformative alternative to traditional educational models, providing flexibility, global connectivity, and cost-effectiveness. However, it also poses challenges related to social isolation, technological barriers, lack of structure, and assessment difficulties. By carefully considering both the advantages and disadvantages, individuals and educational institutions can harness the potential of online education while addressing its limitations. As technology continues to advance and evolve, online education is poised to play an increasingly vital role in shaping the future of learning.中文回答：导言：教育是社会发展的重要基石，在塑造个人的思想和能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
剑桥雅思真题4-口语 Test 1-4(完整)
剑桥雅思真题4-口语Test 1-4（完整）Test 1PART IThe examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topicsEXAMPLEFriendsAre your friends mostly your age or different ages? [Why?]Do you usually see your friends during the week or at weekends? [Why?]The last time you saw your friends, what did you do together?In what ways are your friends important to you?You will have to talk about the topic for one totwo minutes.You have one minute to think about whatyou’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you if youwish.PART 3Discussion topics:Looking after historic placesExample questionsHow do people in your country feel about protecting historic buildings/Do you think an area can benefit from having an interesting historic place locally? In what way?What do you think will happen to historic places or buildings in the future? Why?The teaching of history at schoolExample questionsHow were you taught history when you were at school?Are there other ways people can learn about history, apart from at school? How?Do you think history will still be a school subject in the future? Why?PART IThe examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topicsEXAMPLEFood and cookingWhat kinds of food do you like to eat?What kind of new food would you like to try? [Why?]Do you like cooking? [Why/Why not?]What was the last meal you cooked?Do you prefer home-cooked food or food from restaurants? [Why?]You will have to talk about the topic forone to two minutes.You have one minute to think aboutwhat you’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you ifyou wish.PART 3Discussion topics:The social benefits of hobbiesExample questionsDo you think having a hobby is good for people's social life? In what way?Are there any negative effects of a person spending too much time on their hobby? What are they?Why do you think people need to have an interest or hobby?Leisure timeExample questionsIn your country, how much time do people spend on work and how much time on leisure? Is this a good balance, do you think?Would you say the amount of free time has changed much in the last fifty years?Do you think people will have more or less free time in the future? Why?PART IThe examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topicsEXAMPLELeisureDo you have any hobbies or interests? [What are they?]How did you become interested in (whatever hobby/interest the candidate mentions)?What is there to do in your free time in (candidate's home town/village)?How do you usually spend your holidays?Is there anywhere you would particularly like to visit? [Why?]You will have to talk about the topic forone to two minutes.You have one minute to think aboutwhat you’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you ifyou wish.PART 3Discussion topics:Water-based leisure activitiesExample questionsWhat do people enjoy doing when they visit rivers, lakes or the sea? Why do you think these activities are popular?What benefits do you think people get from the activities they enjoy in the water?What are the different advantages of going to the sea or to a swimming pool to enjoy yourself? What do you think the disadvantages are?The economic importance of rivers, lakes and the seaExample questionsHow does water transport, like boats and ships, compare with other kinds? Are there any advantages/disadvantages of water transport?How important is it for a town or city to be located near a river or the sea? Why?Have there been any changes in the number of jobs available in fishing and water transport industries, do you think? Why do you think this is?PART IThe examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topicsEXAMPLEYour favourite placeWhat place do you most like to visit?How often do you visit this place?Why do you like it so much?Is it popular with many other people?Has it changed very much since you first went there? [In what way?]You will have to talk about the topic forone to two minutes.You have one minute to think aboutwhat you’re going to say.You can make some notes to help you ifyou wish.PART 3Discussion topics:The Internet and communicationExample questionsWhat effect has the Internet had on the way people generally communicate with each other?Why do you think the Internet is being used more and more for communication?How reliable do you think information from the Internet is? Why? What about the news on the Internet?The Internet and shoppingExample questionsWhy do you think some people use the Internet for shopping? Why doesn't everyone use it in this way?What kinds of things are easy to buy and sell online? Can you give me some examples?Do you think shopping on the Internet will be more or less popular in the future? Why?。
剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section 3答案+解析
剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section 3答案+解析谈话场景：课程作业。
人物关系：同学。
谈话话题：讨论作业如何完成，如何设计实验，以及如何找参考资料交际与语言表达1. 本节考查的是讨论实验的学术场景。
Section 3 除了讨论跟课程作业有关的话题外，也涉及到课堂和课外的研究场景，尤其是某些专业领域中的特殊研究。
通过观察已知图表，可知21- 26 题要求分别填跟实验有关的信息：实验装备和实验目的，听音过程中按图索骥即可。
五个实验涉及不同的范畴：气垫船( hovercraft) 的工作原理、测量单位、饱和溶液中析出晶体、光的构成原理和扩音器( amplifier)。
2. “What’s this I hear about a big assignment we’ve got to do?”到底怎么回事，我听说留了很多作业要做是吗?这句话中“big assignment”中的“big”相当于“many”, 表示“很多”，例如：The big issue now is our own confidence. 目前最重要的，就是我们自己的信心。
3. “Mind you, you only need 20 balloons and a table—you don’t need any special engines anything like that.”注意，我们只需要20 个气球和一张桌子，不需要任何发动机或其他类似的东西。
“mind you”表示“提醒你”，引起对方注意的强调语，例如：Mind you finish the task today. 注意，你今天要完成任务。
If you don’t mind my asking.... 如果你不介意，我想问一下……。
4. “Well, just put down the rock salt then, um, apart from that you only need a jar of water.”好的，就记下石盐，嗯，除此之外只需要一广口瓶的水。
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雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑11口语 Test4 Part3-Different types of TV programmes,需要本教程其他单元的口语范文，请点击：剑11口语 Test3 Part1范文-Photographs；剑11口语 Test3 Part2范文-weather；剑11口语 Test3 Part3范文-Types of weather。
Discussion topics:
Different types of TV programmes
Example questions:
What are the most popular kinds of TV programmes in your country? Why is this?
Do you think there are too many game shows on TV nowadays? Why?
Do you think TV is the main way for people to get the news in your country? What other ways are there?
TV advertising
Example questions:
What types of products are advertised most often on TV?
Do you think that people pay attention to adverts on TV? Why do you think that is?
How important are regulations on TV advertising?
题目一：What are the most popular kinds of TV programmes in your country? Why is this?
1.结构提示：
There are so many kinds of TV programmes are popular in my country
The and are very popular TV programmes in my country for they targetas the main audience
2.要点提示：
TV play/TV series/ups and downs in the plot/kill time/ amusing/down to earth/depict common people’s life
题目二：Do you think there are too many game shows on TV nowadays? Why?
1.结构提示：
Exactly/ielts/cb11/ I don’t make a comment because I never see
game shows on TV/ielts/cb11/ I don’t think so.
TV stations tailor game shows for different kinds of audience
2.要点提示：
entertainment/catch the eye/benefit from the advertisers/see what superstars look like in real life
题目三：Do you think TV is the main way for people to get the news in your country? What other ways are there?
1.结构提示：
Not really/ielts/cb11/Of course not/ielts/cb11/Definitely.
There are also some other ways for people to get the news naturally, is the most common one nowadays
You see, are more common ways for people to get the news
2.要点提示：
update/instantaneity/Webchat/Microblog
题目四：What types of products are advertised most often on TV?
1.结构提示：
Talking about the products that are advertised most often on TV
2.要点提示：
Commodity/Daily necessities/what matters about routine and mundane life/women and babies/grasp the need of customers
题目五：Do you think that people pay attention to adverts on TV? Why do you think that is?
1.结构提示：
Yes/ielts/cb11/Certainly/ielts/cb11/In my opinion, they don’t care adverts at all.
Adverts are often inserted into a formal TV programme Consequently, we have to bear。