高考山东版高考英语 专题五 非谓语动词

He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work.)他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。 I don������ t know what to do.(=I don������ t know what I should do.) 我不知道做什么。 We must decide whether to stay or go.(=We must decide whether we������ ll stay or go.)我们必须决定是留还是走。 注意 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致, 否则用宾语从句。 题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ⑥I wonder how to solve (solve)this problem.
题组训练·用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I don������ t know whether you happen to have heard (hear), but I������ m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. ②The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch). ③The man insisted on finding (find)a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. ④According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week
watching (watch)TV. ⑤Isn������ t it time you got down to marking (mark)the papers? 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别。
用法
remember
to do sth.记着要做某事 (do后于remember) doing sth.记得已经做过某
3.注意可将介词in省略的短语、句型
可将介词in省略的短语、句型
spend...

have difficulty
have a...time
(in)doing
例句
I had no difficulty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力 地表达了 自己的意思。
need/require/want dtooibneg done (需要) sb.to do sth.(需要 / 要求 / 想要)
名词
deserve doing
to be done
The
window
needs/requires/wants
to be cleaned. cleaning.

come close to(差不多)

stick to(坚持, 坚守)

get down to(着手)

pay attention to(注意)
reduce sb. / sth. to(使沦为)
doing
例句
He is used to getting up early.他习惯了很早起床。 Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.心力衰竭有时可能会 导 致死亡。 I was so angry that I came close to hitting him.我如此生气以至于差点 儿打他一顿。 He was reduced to begging in the street.他沦落到沿街乞讨。
温馨提示 除了上述动词,还有一些动词也可以用不定式作宾语,如afford, happen, wait, fail, threaten等。 I happened to see my friend yesterday. 昨天我碰巧看到了我的朋友。
二、下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语
口诀 考虑建议盼原谅
to, excuse/pardon
幸运没有被抓住。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.我对你今天下午
回电话表示感谢。
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five da ys.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。
事(do 先于remember)
百度文库
to do sth.忘记要做某事
forget
(do后于forget) doing sth.忘记已经做过某事
(do先于forget)
regret
to do sth.(作目的状语)停下
stop
来做另外一件事 doing sth.停下正在做的事
四、动词need,require,want 作“需要”,deserve作“应受,应得”解时,其 后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动 意义。此外,need,require,want后可以接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定 式作宾语补足语,表示“需要/要求/想要某人做某事”。
lose weight. 你就会减肥了。
I willtry to improvemy habit.
我将努力改进我的习惯。
Shecouldn?t help bursting into tears. 她禁不住放声大哭。 Thatcan?t help to improve your English. 那对你提高英语水平没有帮助。
记得锁门。 Iremember lockingthe door. 我记得把门锁上了。
Istopped diggingand looked at
him. 我停下不再挖, 看着他。 Hestopped to lookat him.
他停下来为的是看着他。
(to
look
考点清单
考点一 非谓语动词作宾语
一、下列动词一般用不定式作宾语
口诀 决心学会想希望
拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮
对应动词
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish
refuse, manage, care, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help
承认推迟没得想 避免错过继续练 否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险 不禁介意准逃亡
对应动词(词组)
例句
consider, suggest/advise,look forward The squirrels were lucky that they just missed being caught.松鼠们很
at作目的状语)
Rai sin g salarymeans increa sin g 涨pu工rch资a s意in味g 着po提we高r. 购买力。 He didn?tmean to hurtyou. 他并没打算伤害你。
Try doingmore exercise,
试and着y多ou运w动ill,
to do sth.努力做某事
try
doing sth.试着做某事
to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
can������ t
to do sth.不能帮助做某事 doing sth.情不自禁做某事
help
例句
Re member tolockthe door.
2.用不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)不定式表将来。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 (2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心 词为逻辑上的主动关系。 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate
forbid,imagine,risk
can������ t help, mind, allow/permit, esc ape
注意 1.allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider后需加动名词作宾语,但如果后面 有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式作宾补。
搭配
al low
permit forbid

+
advise

consider
doing sth. (动名词作宾语) sb. to do sth. (不定式作宾补)
例句
We don������ t allow smoking in the hall.我们不准在大厅内吸烟。 Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke over there. 这里 禁止吸烟,但你可以去那里吸。
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn������ t risk losin
admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想) g the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备,因为他不 能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
2.介词后需用动名词作宾语,但to既可以作介词,又可以作不定式符 号,因此要牢记含介词to的常用短语。
含介词to的短语
be used to(习惯于)

be
accustomed
to(习惯于)

be opposed to(反对)
object to(反对)

lead to(导致) be devoted to(献身于)
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
一、不定式作定语 1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词 是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介 词习惯上省去。 He had no place to live. 他没有地方住。
(3)有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见 的有:promise,plan,attempt,offer,decision,refusal,failure,ability,chance, warning,anxiety,eagerness,willingness,readiness等。 I don������ t trust his promise to come for a visit. 我不相信他来访的诺言。 (比较:He promised to come for a visit.) He said he had no plans to go there. 他说他没有要去那里的计划。 (比较:He didn������ t plan to go there.) He made an attempt to stand up.他试图站起来。 (比较:He attempted to stand up.)
例句
She pretended not to see me when I passe d by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。 We agreed to meet here but so far she has n������ t turned up yet.我们约好了在这里 见 面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
窗户需要擦一下。
consideration.
These proposals deserve considering.
to be considered.
这些建议值得考虑。
温馨提示
worth表示“值……,值得”,用法同介词,后接名词、代词、数字或动词 的-ing形式。 The idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。 五、不定式作动词(词组)tell,show,understand,explain,know, teach,learn, advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词 how,what,whether,where,when,who等。