有机化学双语词汇表

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第一章

derivatives 衍生物synthesize 合成isolate 分离isomerism 同分异构现象stability 稳定性polarity 极性solubility 溶解性side-reaction 副反应bond 键

tetravalent 四价态valence 价态formula 表达式

orbital 轨道heterolysis 异裂homolysis 均裂cation 正离子anion 负离子free radical 自由基

acid 酸base 碱conjugate 共轭orbital 轨道functional group官能团

第二章

Hydrocarbon(烃) Saturated Hydrocarbon(饱和烃) molecule (分子) alkane (烷烃)

cycloalkane (环烷烃) Isomer (同分异构体)

Constitutional isomers (构造同分异构体)

carbon skeleton (碳骨架) Cis-Trans isomerism (顺反异构) Alkyl Group (烷基) Primary (伯)

Secondary (仲) Tertiary (叔) Quaternary (季)

substituent(取代基) parent chain (主链)

hybridization (杂化)conformation (构象异构)conformer(构象异构体)stagger (交叉)eclipse (重叠)boiling point(沸点)melting point(熔点)density(密度)

chemical reagent(化学试剂)reactivity(反应活性)halogen (卤素)substitution (取代反应)

oxidation (氧化反应)reduction (还原反应)

isomeration (异构化反应)addition (加成反应)mixture (混合物)irradiate (照射)

mechanism (反应机理)synthesis (合成)

alkyl halide (烷基卤化物)aqueous acid (酸的水溶液)

catalyst (催化剂)lithium dialkylcuprate (二烷基铜锂)

第三章

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons(不饱和烃)Alkene(烯烃)Alkyne(炔烃)Nomenclature (命名)Physical Properties (物理性质)Chemical Properties (化学性质)Synthesis(合成)hydrocarbons(烃)double bond (双键) general formula (通用分子式)integer(整数)ethylene(烯烃)tetravalent (四价)share (共用)

planar(flat) (平面)approximately (大约)hybridized(杂化)equivalent (等价)orbital (轨道)perpendicular (垂直)approach (靠近)overlap (折叠)

valence bond theory (价键理论)geometry(构型)pararrel (平行) Acetylene (乙炔)angle (角度) hybrid orbitals (杂化轨道)axis (轴)

syn addition (顺式加成)catalyst (催化剂)release (释放)hyperconjugation (超共轭) steric hindrance (空间位阻) stability (稳定性) bulky (体积大的) regioselectivity (立构选择性) elimination (消除) rearrangement( 重排) dehydration (脱水) messy (乱) primary (伯) secondary (仲) tertiary (叔) relative reactivity (相对活性) catalytic hydration (催化加氢) heterogeneous catalyst (异相催化剂) mechanism (机制) electrophilic addition (亲电加成) polar reagent (极性试剂) reverse (相反) hydrohalogenation (氢卤化) cation (阳离子) anion (阴离子) titration (滴定) bromination (溴化) anti (反式) cis (顺式) intercept (揷入) halonium (卤鎓离子) oxidation (氧化) peroxycarboxylic acid (过氧酸) substituent (取代基) synthetic (合成的) coordinating (配位的) carbonyl (羰基) reduction (还原) tautomerization (异构化) radical (自由基)

Hydroboration (氢硼化) internal(内部,中间) aldehyde(醛)nucleophilic (亲核)

Epoxide(环氧化物)peroxy acid(过氧酸). Bromomethane (溴甲烷)Treatment (处理)

In the same manner (同样的方式) major (主要的) minor (次要的)

第四章

Conjugated (共轭)Classification (分类)Diene (二烯)isomer(异构体)stability (稳定性) conductor (导体) cycloaddition (环加成) concerted (协同) retention (保持)

第五章

Aromatic (芳香)Aromaticity (芳香性)Benzene (苯)aliphatic (脂肪性的)fragrant (香味)orth (邻) meta (间) para (对) functional group (官能团) phenyl (苯基)

Electrophilic (亲电)nitrate (硝化)halogenate (卤化)sulfonate (磺化)acylate(酰化)competition (竞争) deactivator (钝化剂)

第六章

Haloalkane (卤代烃) nucleophilic (亲核) polarized (极化) kinetics (动力学) transition state (过渡态) chiral (手性) leaving group (离去基团) bond strength (键强度) electronegativity (电负性)

第七章(八章)

Alcohol (醇) ethanol (乙醇)ether (醚) hydrophobic (疏水) hydrophilic (亲水) hydrolysis (水解) ester (酯)sodium borohydride (硼氢化钠) aqueous (无水)

Work up (处理) simultaneous (同时)oxidation (氧化) organometallics (有机金属) basicity (碱性) ketone (酮)protonation (质子化)

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