句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)
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句子结构
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
Fra Baidu bibliotek
语语 语 语 位
语
语
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
太阳升起来了.
2) The red sun has risen in the east. 鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了.
3) The boy is smiling. 男孩在笑.
4) The little boy is smiling happily. 这个小男孩在高兴地笑.
1.They are talking.√( )
seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词
feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
注意：系动词不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that.
• He bought some sleeping pills.
• There is a sleeping baby in bed.
• His spoken language is good.
(名词) (数词)
(名词的所有格) (动名词)
(现在分词) (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
1.I didin’t like tigers.(√ ) 2.They haved already reached Beijing.(√ )
3.I read my son a story every night.( )
4.Danny sent his teacher some beautiful flowers.( )
他们是学生.
2)The old men seem happy. 这些老人看起来很幸福.
3) when spring comes, it gets warm. 当春天来时,天气会变暖.
2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词 短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也可以
作表语. 例句:
• The pretty girl looks happy . • 这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴. • She become a scientist . • 她成为一名科学家了. • This book is about learning English . • 这本书是关于学英语的.
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、 条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
• I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He got up so late that I missed the train.
• I waited to see you. • He often went to school by bus. • His parents died, leaving him an orphan. • Please call me if it is necessary. • This book is very interesting. • He went to school in spite of his illness.
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
• He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease.
买了一件新衣裳。
5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如： Running makes us strong. 跑步让我们健康。
1.主 + 动（SV）常见的不及物动词: rise wait sleep depend rain smile die
walk dance 等. 例句: 1)The sun has risen .
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano.
（名词）
• She went out in a hurry.
（代词）
• Four plus four is eight.
（数词）
• To see is to believe.
（不定式）
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
（六）状语
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy.
(形容词)
• His father works in a steel work.
• There are 54students in our class.
• Do you known betty’s sister?
2.主 + 系 + 表（SVP） 1) . 本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可.常见的系
动词有:be , become , taste , get , grow , go , seem , look , feel 等.系表结构表示主语的身份性质状态等。
例句: 1) They are students .
5.Jenny can sing the song.(√ )
6.My father bought me a new bike yesterday.( )
7.Are you reading newspapers?(√ )
8.I am going home. ( )
4.主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）常用的及物动词有: call, find, get, keep, feel, see, hear, listen to, look at, have, make, let 等.
自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
1）主 + 动（SV）例如： I work. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如： John is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如： She studies English. 她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVIODO）例如： My mother bought me a new dress. 我母亲给我
• Smoking is bad for health.
（动名词）
• The young should respect the old.
（名词化的形容词）
• What he has said is true.
（句子）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
补充：系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher.
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词
keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词
7.The leaves is turning green.(√ ) 8.Your room should keep clean.√( )
3. 主 + 动 + 宾（SVO) 常见的及物动词: love say take sell know call order draw 等.例句
• She is washing clothes. • 她在洗衣服. • I saw a beautiful girl . • 我看见一个漂亮的女孩. • Tom watches TV every evening . • 汤姆每天晚上看电视. • She doesn’t like her brother . • 她不喜欢她哥哥. • Speak English ,please. • 请讲英语 • Will you help me ? • 你会帮助我吗? • Most of us enjoy English very much . • 我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
• I found the book interesting.
2.Betty looks very beautiful.( ) 3.We call my pet Mimi.( )
4.The children were playing happily(√ ) 5.Danny can swim.(√ ) 6.He has gone.(√ )
7.The leaves is turning green.( ) 8.Your room should keep clean.( )
• Do you smell something burning?
• He made himself known to them.
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变
万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、 扩展、变化而来的：
1.They are talking.( )
2.Betty looks very beautiful.(√ )
3.We call my pet Mimi.( ) 4.The children were playing happily( ) 5.Danny can swim.( ) 6.He has gone.( )
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓
↓
主谓 定 宾 同
状
Fra Baidu bibliotek
语语 语 语 位
语
语
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
太阳升起来了.
2) The red sun has risen in the east. 鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了.
3) The boy is smiling. 男孩在笑.
4) The little boy is smiling happily. 这个小男孩在高兴地笑.
1.They are talking.√( )
seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词
feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
注意：系动词不用于被动语态. 5）变化系动词
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that.
• He bought some sleeping pills.
• There is a sleeping baby in bed.
• His spoken language is good.
(名词) (数词)
(名词的所有格) (动名词)
(现在分词) (过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
1.I didin’t like tigers.(√ ) 2.They haved already reached Beijing.(√ )
3.I read my son a story every night.( )
4.Danny sent his teacher some beautiful flowers.( )
他们是学生.
2)The old men seem happy. 这些老人看起来很幸福.
3) when spring comes, it gets warm. 当春天来时,天气会变暖.
2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词 短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也可以
作表语. 例句:
• The pretty girl looks happy . • 这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴. • She become a scientist . • 她成为一名科学家了. • This book is about learning English . • 这本书是关于学英语的.
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、 条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
• I will be back in a while. • They are playing on the playground. • He was late because he got up late. • He got up so late that I missed the train.
• I waited to see you. • He often went to school by bus. • His parents died, leaving him an orphan. • Please call me if it is necessary. • This book is very interesting. • He went to school in spite of his illness.
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
• He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease.
买了一件新衣裳。
5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如： Running makes us strong. 跑步让我们健康。
1.主 + 动（SV）常见的不及物动词: rise wait sleep depend rain smile die
walk dance 等. 例句: 1)The sun has risen .
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano.
（名词）
• She went out in a hurry.
（代词）
• Four plus four is eight.
（数词）
• To see is to believe.
（不定式）
The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
（六）状语
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• He is a clever boy.
(形容词)
• His father works in a steel work.
• There are 54students in our class.
• Do you known betty’s sister?
2.主 + 系 + 表（SVP） 1) . 本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可.常见的系
动词有:be , become , taste , get , grow , go , seem , look , feel 等.系表结构表示主语的身份性质状态等。
例句: 1) They are students .
5.Jenny can sing the song.(√ )
6.My father bought me a new bike yesterday.( )
7.Are you reading newspapers?(√ )
8.I am going home. ( )
4.主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）常用的及物动词有: call, find, get, keep, feel, see, hear, listen to, look at, have, make, let 等.
自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you.（动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
1）主 + 动（SV）例如： I work. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如： John is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如： She studies English. 她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVIODO）例如： My mother bought me a new dress. 我母亲给我
• Smoking is bad for health.
（动名词）
• The young should respect the old.
（名词化的形容词）
• What he has said is true.
（句子）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 • I saw the flag on the top of the hill? • He looked after two orphans. • 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English well. • She doesn’t seem to like dancing
补充：系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher.
（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词
keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词
7.The leaves is turning green.(√ ) 8.Your room should keep clean.√( )
3. 主 + 动 + 宾（SVO) 常见的及物动词: love say take sell know call order draw 等.例句
• She is washing clothes. • 她在洗衣服. • I saw a beautiful girl . • 我看见一个漂亮的女孩. • Tom watches TV every evening . • 汤姆每天晚上看电视. • She doesn’t like her brother . • 她不喜欢她哥哥. • Speak English ,please. • 请讲英语 • Will you help me ? • 你会帮助我吗? • Most of us enjoy English very much . • 我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语
（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
• I found the book interesting.
2.Betty looks very beautiful.( ) 3.We call my pet Mimi.( )
4.The children were playing happily(√ ) 5.Danny can swim.(√ ) 6.He has gone.(√ )
7.The leaves is turning green.( ) 8.Your room should keep clean.( )
• Do you smell something burning?
• He made himself known to them.
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变
万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、 扩展、变化而来的：
1.They are talking.( )
2.Betty looks very beautiful.(√ )
3.We call my pet Mimi.( ) 4.The children were playing happily( ) 5.Danny can swim.( ) 6.He has gone.( )