7 长句和复杂句翻译
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Translation of Long, Complex Sentences
Long, Complex Sentences
English: nouns + attributive phrases/ clauses prepositional phrases/adverbial clauses added to verbs or those at the beginning of a sentence. • one in another several layers of meanings • Hypotactic structure (包孕结构) Chinese: with one short sentence a meaning; a sequence of sentences • Paratactic structure (流水结构)
• 许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因 为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长 的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人 造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受 到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用 的领域获得最大量的重视。
• No such limitation is placed on an alternatingcurrent machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. • 交流机不受这种限制,唯一的要求是相对移动, 而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点,这 种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标 准做法。
Translation Methods for Translation of Long, Complex Sentences in EST
• Read P159
• 英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点：一是对 原文的准确理解，二是恰如其分的表达。 理解阶段可分为3个步骤： 1.扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓； 2.辨清该句的主从结构，并根据上下文领会 全句的要旨； 3.找出句与句之间的从属关系，理清每句原 文的意思。 • 表达可分为2个步骤进行：1.试将每个划开 的单句逐一翻译；2.将译出的句子进行调整、 组合，对译文作加工润色。
• Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. • 由于铝总是和其他元素--- 最常见的是氧(因 为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)--- 结合在一起,所 以在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态 的铝, 因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。
汉译英
• Read P165-167
Translation Practice in Class
• The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. • 一个结构受到的载荷可以分为静载和动载两 类。静载包括该结构各部分的重量。动载则 是由于人和可移动设备等的重量而引起的载 荷。
4. 综合法
• With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity via photovoltaic cells 光电池 or indirectly with flat plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity.
翻译方法
• Read P162-164
1. 顺译法
• Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied.
1 A colorless or white crystalline solid, chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively as a food seasoning and preservative. Also called common salt, table salt 盐：一种无色或白色结晶固体，主要成分是 氯化钠，广泛用于食物调料和防腐剂也作 common salt， table salt 2 A chemical compound formed by replacing all or part of the hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions or electropositive radicals. 盐类：由金属离子或正电原子团替代酸中所 有或部分的氢离子而得到的化合物
• 随着航天飞机的出现,有可能把一个沿轨道 运行的太阳能发电站送到离地球24000英里 的一条定常轨道上去。这个太阳能发电站 几乎不间断地采集太阳能。它还能够用光 电池将太阳能直接转换成电能,或者用平板 集热器或聚焦集热器将太阳能转换成电能, 即集热器使热传导体汽化,驱动涡轮机发电。
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• The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics 低温学which convert liquid helium and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them nonresistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. • 低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成 “超流体”,将某些金属变成 “超导体”, 使 它们没有电阻,从而可以用许多方法改变世界 面貌。
• 最常见的长句处理方法是化整为零，分散 解决。此外，还有拆译法、插入标点法、 重组法等。对于译者来说，最重要的问题 是怎样把握好译文的要点，安排好译文的 框架结构，形成准确、通顺的译文。除了 准确理解原文之外，译文的成功与否很大 程度上取决于译者的母语的驾驭能力以及 对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to the management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problem, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issue.
One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to the management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problem, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issue. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一， 就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理 问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素， 从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。
2. 逆序法
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么 不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被洗得干 干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。
3. 分译法/拆译
• Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. • 宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物 理学中一些公认的理论,在科学上看来是可信的 推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一 论说是正确的。
Translation Process
• 1. A thorough understanding of the original sentence • 2.appropriate translation methods involved • 3. checking (content; language)
Long, Complex Sentences
English: nouns + attributive phrases/ clauses prepositional phrases/adverbial clauses added to verbs or those at the beginning of a sentence. • one in another several layers of meanings • Hypotactic structure (包孕结构) Chinese: with one short sentence a meaning; a sequence of sentences • Paratactic structure (流水结构)
• 许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因 为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长 的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人 造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受 到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用 的领域获得最大量的重视。
• No such limitation is placed on an alternatingcurrent machine; here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. • 交流机不受这种限制,唯一的要求是相对移动, 而且由于固定电枢和旋转磁场有很多优点,这 种安排是所有容量超过几千伏安的同步机的标 准做法。
Translation Methods for Translation of Long, Complex Sentences in EST
• Read P159
• 英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点：一是对 原文的准确理解，二是恰如其分的表达。 理解阶段可分为3个步骤： 1.扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓； 2.辨清该句的主从结构，并根据上下文领会 全句的要旨； 3.找出句与句之间的从属关系，理清每句原 文的意思。 • 表达可分为2个步骤进行：1.试将每个划开 的单句逐一翻译；2.将译出的句子进行调整、 组合，对译文作加工润色。
• Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. • 由于铝总是和其他元素--- 最常见的是氧(因 为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)--- 结合在一起,所 以在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态 的铝, 因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。
汉译英
• Read P165-167
Translation Practice in Class
• The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc. • 一个结构受到的载荷可以分为静载和动载两 类。静载包括该结构各部分的重量。动载则 是由于人和可移动设备等的重量而引起的载 荷。
4. 综合法
• With the advent of the space shuttle, it will be possible to put an orbiting solar power plant in stationary orbit 24000 miles from the earth that would collect solar energy almost continuously and convert this energy either directly to electricity via photovoltaic cells 光电池 or indirectly with flat plate or focused collectors that would boil a carrying medium to produce steam that would drive a turbine that then in turn would generate electricity.
翻译方法
• Read P162-164
1. 顺译法
• Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the greatest use in the field which it is to be applied.
1 A colorless or white crystalline solid, chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively as a food seasoning and preservative. Also called common salt, table salt 盐：一种无色或白色结晶固体，主要成分是 氯化钠，广泛用于食物调料和防腐剂也作 common salt， table salt 2 A chemical compound formed by replacing all or part of the hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions or electropositive radicals. 盐类：由金属离子或正电原子团替代酸中所 有或部分的氢离子而得到的化合物
• 随着航天飞机的出现,有可能把一个沿轨道 运行的太阳能发电站送到离地球24000英里 的一条定常轨道上去。这个太阳能发电站 几乎不间断地采集太阳能。它还能够用光 电池将太阳能直接转换成电能,或者用平板 集热器或聚焦集热器将太阳能转换成电能, 即集热器使热传导体汽化,驱动涡轮机发电。
wenku.baidu.com
• The super-cooling effects of the cryogenics 低温学which convert liquid helium and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them nonresistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. • 低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成 “超流体”,将某些金属变成 “超导体”, 使 它们没有电阻,从而可以用许多方法改变世界 面貌。
• 最常见的长句处理方法是化整为零，分散 解决。此外，还有拆译法、插入标点法、 重组法等。对于译者来说，最重要的问题 是怎样把握好译文的要点，安排好译文的 框架结构，形成准确、通顺的译文。除了 准确理解原文之外，译文的成功与否很大 程度上取决于译者的母语的驾驭能力以及 对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to the management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problem, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issue.
One of the most important things which the economic theories can contribute to the management science is building analytical models which help in recognizing the structure of managerial problem, eliminating the minor details which might obstruct decision making, and in concentrating on the main issue. 经济理论对于管理科学的最重要贡献之一， 就是建立分析模型。这种模型有助于认识管理 问题的构成，排除可能妨碍决策的次要因素， 从而有助于集中精力去解决主要的问题。
2. 逆序法
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论搞得多么脏,形状弄得多么 不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被洗得干 干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。
3. 分译法/拆译
• Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. • 宇宙膨胀学说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物 理学中一些公认的理论,在科学上看来是可信的 推论。许多天体物理学家十年来一直认为这一 论说是正确的。
Translation Process
• 1. A thorough understanding of the original sentence • 2.appropriate translation methods involved • 3. checking (content; language)