动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位

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“hit sb.,”表达法及介词用法■崔长平河南遂平一高（463100）汉语常把接触到

的人体某一部位作为动词的宾语，英语则习惯把接受动作的人作为宾语，而介词短语用来说

明接触到的人体的某一部位。因此，表示“打某人的脸”，英语一般不说hit his face，而说成hit him in the face。下面是这一表达法常用到的基本结构：拍（打，击，扇；抓，握，拉，牵,,）＋宾语＋介词（in，on，by）＋the＋身体部位名词下面依照本结构所涉及的动

词和介词的不同加以分述。■结构A：本结构所涉及的介词是in或on；动词概括起来

说是“拍，打，击，扇”。拍（pat，tap）in（接触较软的部位）如：the face，the eye，打（beat，strike）＋宾语＋介词the rib，the stomach,,击（hit）on（接触较硬的部位）如：the face，the head，扇（slap）the nose，the shoulder，the back，the forehead ,,eg. The ball struck me in the eye. Bob hit him on the nose. He patted me on the shoulder. She slapped him on/in the face.（face前用in或on均可）注意，这一结构有时需要根据具体情况

选用in或on。①A bullet hit him on the head. He got off his horse and ran away. （这里用on 说明“子弹擦头皮而过”，并没有射进去。这一点从“他跳下马跑了”就可以看出来。）②A bullet hit him in the head and he fell to the ground, dead. （这里用in 说明“子弹射进了脑袋”，结果是“倒在地上，死了”。）①He hit Tom in the stomach. （hit 是“击”，对于腹部来说，此动作能带来“凹陷”之感，故用in。）②He patted Tom on the stomach. （pat 是“拍了拍”，非恶意行为，此动作不会带来“凹陷”进去的结果。故用on。）■结构B：本结构所涉及的介词是by，动词概括起来说是“抓，握，拉，牵”。抓，握（catch，seize，grasp，take,）＋宾语＋by＋the hand/the arm/the leg ,拉，牵（pull，lead,）eg. The boy pulled him by the arm. The old granny took the boy by the hand. 但是，随着英语的不断发展和演变，加之英语本身就是一种富有表现力的语言，

关于这一点，还有不少其他表现手法。再如：He patted my shoulder. I caught his arm. When one ant wants food from another, it taps on the otherˊs head with its feelers,