名词解释 语法翻译法

•语法翻译法是外语教学的基础模式,很早就开始被使用。直到十八世纪末, 它才成为了第一个有影响的外语教学方法。 •语法翻译法受机械主义和官能主义心理学的影响,其主要特点是以翻译和 语法学习为外语教学的基础模式。 •机械主义观点认为,一切语言起源于一种语言,各种语言的语法是共同的, 词汇所表达的概念也一样,差别只在于发音和书写形式不同,因此采取机 械对比、 对译的办法进行教学。 •而官能心理学认为某些学科具有训练一种或几种官能的特殊价值。根据 语言的特点,在外语教学方面他们重视阅读能力的培养和重视语法教学。
• In the Grammar-Translation classroom, the teacher uses the native language as the main medium of instruction. There is little use of the target language. • Language skills are emphasized on reading and writing but little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking and listening.
3. Phase three • Students are asked to write the answers to the questions about the reading passage. • Students are asked to do other written work that is meant to reinforce the new grammar items and vocabulary.
Learner’s Role
• Do as the teacher says. • Learners interact with the teacher, not with each other. • What does the student do? - - study words and rules - - translate - - memorize
ⅡDefinition
• The Grammar-Translation Method is a method of foreign or second language teaching which uses translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.
Teacher’s Role
• Traditional instructor. • The authority in the classroom • What does the teacher do? - explain - translate - arrange practices - correct mistakes
• The focus on understanding literary texts provides the situation in which reading and writing abilities are well trained.
• The Grammar-Translation makes few demands on teachers.
• Thanks for listening
2. Phase two • Students are asked to read a few sentences out aloud and translate them into the first language. • The teacher analyses some difficult sentences and translates them into their native language first literally and then freely. • Students read the studied part of the passages silently and ask the teacher questions they can not answer by themselves.
Ⅵ Advantages
• It can help students to have a better understanding of the meaning of abstract words and complicated sentences.
• It can foster students’ ability of producing grammatically correct sentences.
Ⅳ Procedures
• 1.Phase one • 1)The teacher reads and explains the new words and expressions in the first language. • 2) The teacher teaches the new grammar with deductive(演绎法) method.
Disadvantages
• • • • 1. It is an unnatural method. 2.Speech is neglected. 3. Exact translation is not possible. 4.It does not give pattern practice.（句型练 习）
Ⅴ Characteristics
• The focus on classroom is teaching and 来自百度文库racticing of grammar of the target language. • Translate the words and phrases of the foreign languages in the best possible manner.
Contents
• • • • • • Ⅰ. Origin Ⅱ. Definition Ⅲ. Theoretical base Ⅳ. Procedures Ⅴ. Characteristics Ⅵ. Advantages and disadvantages
ⅠOrigin
Grammar-translation method began in Germany (Prussia), at the end of the 18th century and became popular in early years of the 19th century. At one time The Grammar-Translation Method was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.