2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 语法知识及运用 专题6 动词的时态和语态 考点一 动词的时态讲义
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习:时态和语态课件(共45张)
01 一般时态 Simple Tense
一般时态
past
一般过去时: did
now
一般现在时: do/does
future
一般将来时: shall/will do/be
一般现在时
一般现在时的用法: ① 目前的情况或状态
I am married.
② 经常性或习惯性的动作 I often cook meals for my family.
【高中语法】 时态与语态
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
时态与语态
• 一般时态 • 进行时态 • 完成时态 • 完成进行时态 • 主动语态 • 被动语态
模拟题解析
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 3753
15:30.
A. will take
B. takes
C. is taking
D. has taken
B off at
【解析】考查时态。飞机、火车等按时刻表运行,表达时用一般现 在时表示将来。
一般过去时
He didn't go shopping yesterday. ③一般疑问:Did+主语+动词原形+其他
Did he go shopping yesterday? ④特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他
【高考英语一轮复习】第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是:①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2.进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
高考英语一轮总复习 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(教师用书)教案 北师大版-北师大版高三全册英语教案
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(一)动词的时态Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.解析:首先确定该动词为主句的谓语动词;其次根据宾语从句的谓语动词had以及上下文的时态等为一般过去时,故该谓语动词应使用一般过去时;最后,主语和谓语动词之间构成主动关系。
2.(2019·北京卷)On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced (voice) my biggest concern to my mother.解析:考查动词的时态。
本句叙述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时,故填voiced。
3.(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question suggests/suggested/has_suggested (suggest) that,for most students,it doesn't.解析:考查动词的时态。
本文的主题时态是一般现在时,主语是research,可以用suggests;又可以表示“研究已经表明了”,用现在完成时,可以填has suggested;又可以表示“研究过去表明了”,可以用一般过去时,填suggested。
4.(2019·浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades improved (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.解析:考查时态和语态。
年高考英语一轮复习系列课件专题动词的时态及语态
• 【答案】C • 【解析】考查时态。since引导的从句作状语时
,主句通常用完成时,而从句用一般过去时, 所以选C项。
2020/10/19
• 6.(2019 高 考 英 语 浙 江 卷 ,15)For many years,
2020/10/19
• 4.(2019高考英语重庆卷,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
• A. remains B. is remained
D. had had
• 【答案】B
• 【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时,因此 答案选B。
2020/10/19
• 3.(2019 高 考 英 语 重 庆 卷 ,31)-----Why do you want to work for our company?
• -----This is the job that I ______for.
• A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
• 【答案】D • 【解析】考查时态。由句意:这就是我一直寻
找的工作可知用现在完成进行时,表示从过去 某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在,并且有 可能持续下去。
people ______ electric cars. However, making
them has been more difficult than predicted.
高考英语一轮复习语法突破专题六动词的时态和语态课件
二、被动语态 1.各种时态的被动语态
形式
时态 被动形式 例句 He is invited to make a speech in our school. 他被邀请在我们学校作 一个演讲。 The Great Hall of the People was built in 1959. 人民大会堂是1959年建 成的。
一般过去 时
表示在确定的过去时间发生的动作 或存在的状态。 I saw our manager in the street on Saturday. 周六那天我在街上见到我们经理了。
表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习 惯性的动作。 I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
I shall be given another chance to play in this game again. 我将获得再一次进 行比赛的机会。 The meeting is going to be held at 8 a.m.tomorrow. 会议将于明天上午8点举行。 She said that she would be given an MP5 as a birthday gift. 她说有人会送她一部MP5 作为生日礼物。
Calculators can't be used in the maths exam. 数学考试中不准使用计算器。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 那次比赛他获得了第一名。 The window glass was broken this morning. 今天早上窗户被人打碎了。 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家都遵守以下规定。
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解时态和语态
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解时态和语态一. 动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时刻的各种形式。
英语动词有16种时态,然而常用的只有9种:一样现在时、一样过去时、一样今后时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去今后时,现在完成进行时。
下面分别进行介绍。
1.一样现在时的用法1)表示经常性,适应性的动作;表示现在的状态、特点或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。
句子中常用often,usually,every day等时刻状语。
例如:He goes to school every day。
(经常性动作)He is very happy.(现在的状态)The earth moves around the sun.〈真理〉2)在时刻状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一样现在时态的形式表示今后。
If you come this afternoon,we'll have a meeting.When I graduate,I'll go to the countryside.3)有时那个时态表示按打算,规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时刻状语)但限于少数动词如begin,come,leave,go,arrive, start,stop,return,open,close等。
The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning.4)表示状态和感受的动词,如be,like,hate.think, remember, find,sound等常用一样现在时。
例如:I like English very much. The story sounds very interesting.5)书报的标题。
小说等情节介绍常用一样现在时。
2.一样过去时的用法1)表示过去某时刻发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。
He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. He worked in a factory in 1988.2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。
2019届高考英语一轮专题测试(附详解):时态和语态专题
2019届高考一轮专题测试(英语):时态和语态专题英语试卷注意事项:1.本卷共100分,考试时间100分钟2.将答案写在答题卡的相应位置说明:时态和语态是每年高考的必考知识点之一,本专题收集了各种时态和语态的典型试题,难度稍大,适合高三学生对时态和语态做个总的复习。
1. —I am wondering if we could go boating on the weekend.—It a good idea.A. soundB. soundedC. soundingD. sounds2.—Let Mr. Stephen in, please? He me.—Yes, Sir. In the meeting room.A. is expectingB. has expectedC. expectedD. was expecting3. My mind wasn’t on what he so I’m afraid I missed half of it.A. was sayingB. had saidC. would sayD. has said4. Mom, have a rest please. You _______ in the kitchen ever since you came home.A. had workedB. were workingC. have been workingD. would work5. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined6. —Tom,would you please come and help us with the computer at the meeting tomorrow?一I am sorry, but I then.A. would have classB. will be having classC. was going to have classD. am about to have class7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung8. What do you think the children when we get home?A. are doingB. will be doingC. doD. have d6ne9. —Betty promised me to come round to keep you company today.—But she _______. I’ve been alone all day.A. won'tB. hadn'tC. hasn'tD. doesn't10. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun11. I’m afraid I _____ you with too many questions. Thank you a lot, sir.A. will botherB. have to botherC. would botherD. have bothered12. By the end of last year, another new theme park completed in that area.A. was beingB. would beC. has beenD. had been13. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?—The bridge to it __________.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired14. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait15. We won’t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people ________.A. were comingB. are comingC. have been comingD. had come16.--Why don’t you buy the necklace since you like it so much?--I____, but I don’t have the money.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. may17.Over the past 30 years,China significant changes in comprehensive national strength thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.A. witnessedB. were witnessingC. has witnessedD. will have witnessed18. --- You’ve sent the report to the newspaper office, haven’t you?--- Not yet. It _____ by 12 o’clock.A. has to be typedB. will be typedC. will have been typedD. needs typing19. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made20. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985.She for twenty years by next summer.A. will teachB. would have taughtC. has been teachingD. will have been teaching答案1. D解析:考查系动词,所填词作应答句的系动词,根据前文时态用一般现在时,选D。
2019版高考英语一轮复习(课标版天津适用B版)教师用书:专题六 动词的时态和语态 PDF版含答案
将来时㊂ 另外, 现在完成进行时和将来进行时也成了常考的 内容㊂
体㊀ ㊀ 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 ∗一般现 在时 ∗现在进 行时 ∗现在完 成时 ∗现在完 过去 ∗一般过 去时 ∗过去进 行时 ∗过去完 将来 ∗一般将 来时 ∗将来进 行时 将来完 过去将来 ∗过去将 来时 过去将来 进行时 过去将
单项填空:
world.
③In the last few years thousands of films ㊀ B㊀ all over the A.have produced C.are producing B.have been produced D.are being produced
2.since 后接过去的时间点或引导一般过去时态的从句 We have learned 1,000 words since we came here / since 自从我们来到这里 / 从 2009 年至今 / 从那时起,我们已经 It is / has been 3 years since he came here. 他来这里已经三年了㊂
C.has broken D.was breaking 2. by + 时间点 常与完成时连用:
结构 时态 例句 By the end of next year,we������ll have learned 2,000 English words. English words. By now we have learned 1, 500
A.saves
I know. By next month, he ㊀ D㊀ enough for a used one. B.saved D.will have saved
Tommy is planning to buy a car.
2019年英语高考一轮复习语法知识大全动词
一、概述:动词是英语中最重要的一种词性,也是连接词法与句法的纽带,许多语法现象通过动词体现出来。
本章着重体现了“以动词为纲”学语法的理念,打破了传统语法的习惯,提出了“六个为纲”,从而将时态、被动语态、主谓一致、反意疑问句、倒装和虚拟语气融为一体,归纳在动词一章进行阐述,体现了动词与它们不可分割的联系。
这不仅是本单元的亮点,更是本书一大亮点,大胆创新,打破传统语法书的谋篇布局。
本章的第一大部分就动词出发,介绍了动词的分类、变化形式、各类动词的用法、一些常见行为动词及词组的用法和比较以及动词的习惯搭配。
在动词分类部分,阐述了一些重要的句法内容,如情态动词用法、非谓语动词、独立主格及悬垂分词等用法。
第二大部分将动词放入具体的句法中,阐述了六个“动词为纲”。
本章不仅内容详实,而且思路明确,体系完整。
学好本章会对英语语法有个全新的认识。
二、分类1、根据意义和句法作用,英语中的动词总的来说可以分为四类:①行为动词(实义动词)如:run、work、give、hit等。
②助动词如:do、did、does、have、has、had等。
③情态动词如:can、may、could、might、must、should等。
④系动词如:be、look、seem、feel、taste、sound等。
2、对于上述四大类动词,还可以进一步细分。
①在行为动词中,根据动词在句中是否需要宾语,可分为:及物动词和不及物动词。
如:Shall we go to fly kites together? (及物动词)The bird flies happily in the sky. (不及物动词)②动词根据其是否为主语所限定,可分为限定动词与非限定动词,也可称为谓语动词与非谓语动词。
限定动词在句子中起谓语作用,可有动词原形(do的形式)、动词单数(does的形式)、动词过去时(did的形式)以及各种情态动词与动词原形连用的形式。
如:I like English.He smokes heavily in daily life.He was a good student.I can solve the problem very well.He didn’t know what to do next.非限定有不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种。
高考英语一轮复习语法总结讲义
一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点:1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时,如:The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
高考英语一轮复习 动词的时态及语态讲解
高考英语一轮复习讲解:动词的时态及语态【知识要点】动词的时态一、一般现在时的用法1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语:every...,sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点离家去学校。
2.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东方。
3.表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证明地球是圆的。
4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.现在我往杯子里放糖。
I am doing my homework now.我在做作业。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。
再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
二、一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?刚才你去哪儿了?2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我小的时候,经常在街上踢足球。
人教版高三英语一轮复习课件高考语法通关(6)动词的时态和语态
• 考点二 一般过去时 • 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态, 常与表示过去的时间状语连用( 或上下文语 境有暗示 ) ;用于表示过去的习惯;表示说 话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 • —I've got to go now. • ——现在我必须走了。 • —Must you ? I thought you could stay for dinner with us. • —— 你必须走吗?我认为你要留下来和我们 一起吃饭。
• 考点五 进行时 • 1.现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一 个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲 话时的一个动作;表近期特定的安排或计 划; go , come 等表示起止动作的动词可用 进行时代替将来时。 • Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much. • 青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们 玩的电脑游戏太多了。
• The farmer made the horses work the whole day. • 农民让马干了一整天活。 • The horses were made to work the whole day. • 马被驱使着干了一整天活。
• • • • • •
2.特殊结构的被动形式 (1)be+过去分词+不定式 He is said to know three languages. 据说他懂三种语言。 (2)It+be+过去分词+从句 It is reported that he has some supernatural powers. • 据报道他有某些特异功能。
• 考点一 一般现在时
• 1.可表示客观真理、科学事实。
2019届高三新人教版英语一轮总复习高考专项语法突破课件1 时态和语态.ppt
That food smells nice. 那食物味道很好闻。
This shirts feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如 begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut, run, move 等。如:
典题示例
(2011·北京)—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it________ us a whole week to get there.
A.takes
B.has taken
C.took
D.was taking
答案:C 考查动词时态。由关键句 That must have been a long trip 可知,这是对过去情况的推测,那次旅行已经结束。 当然,答话人所说到达那里花了整整一个星期的时间,应属 过去的行为,因此用一般过去时。
方法三:巧记固定句型中的时态 一些固定句型,时态也非常固定,因此可以把固定句型 作为判断时态的依据。如:be doing...when(正在做某事,这 时……);be about to do...when...(正要做某事,这时……); This/That/It is the +序 数词+ time+ that + 现在完 成时; This/That/It was+the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时 态;It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时;hardly...when, no sooner... than, hardly/no sooner 后 用过去 完成时 态, than/when 后用一般过去时。
2019年高考英语(人教版)一轮复习课件:动词的时态与语态
(5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用现在时代替将来时。 如: If you come this afternoon,we'll have a meeting. 如果下午你来,我们就开会。
2.一般过去时的用法 (1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动 作。如: He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 昨天他看见王先生了。 He worked in a factory in 1986. 1986年他在一家工厂做工。
(2)表示过去经常发生的动作(也可用“used to”或“would+动词 原形”代替)。如: During the vacation I often swam/would swim in the sea. 假期期间我常在大海里游泳。 I used to smoke.我曾经吸烟。 注意:used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的 状态。
二、时态的基本用法 1.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征,句中常用 often,usually,every day等时间状语。如: He goes to school every day.(经常性动作) 他每天去上学。 He is very happy.(现在的状态) 他很高兴。 (2)表示按计划、规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时间状语)但限 于少数动词。如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop, return,open,close等。如: The train starts at nine in the morning. 火车早上九点钟开。
一、常用时态归纳 时态 一般现 在时 一般过 去时 构成(以do 为例) do/does 用法 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作、现在或现阶 段的情况或状态、客观事实或普遍真理、按计 划要发生的动作以及在时间、条件或让步状语 从句中表将来等 表示过去的动作或状态、前一会儿发生的事、 过去习惯性的动作、在时间或条件状语从句中 表过去将来等
高考英语一轮复习 语法基础 考点六 动词的时态和语态
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点六动词的时态和语态限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1.As is known to all, the sun ________ (rise) in the east and ________ (set) in the west day after day.答案:rises; sets 句意:众所周知,太阳东升西落,日复一日。
表示客观事实、客观规律要用一般现在时。
2.Tom ________ (cry) again and again and we can't bear him anymore.答案:is crying 句意:Tom一直在哭泣,我们再也忍受不了他。
进行时与某些副词连用可表示说话人的一种强烈的感情,如厌恶、欣赏、钦佩等。
3.It has been three years since we ________ (come) here.答案:came 句意:自从我们来到这儿已经三年了。
since+含有一般过去时的句子/表过去的时间点,主句或句子常用现在完成时。
4.By the time he was nine, Tom ________ (master) a foreign language.答案:had mastered 句意:到九岁时,汤姆已经精通了一门外语。
by the time表示“到……的时候”,引导时间状语从句时,如果从句用一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时。
5.It is the first time that I ________ (go) abroad.答案:have gone 句意:这是我第一次出国。
“That/This/It is the first/second/third ...time (that) ...”句型中,从句常用现在完成时。
6.More than one customer ________ (express) their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far.答案:has expressed 句意:到目前为止,不止一个顾客表达了他们对那家餐厅服务的不满。
2019届高考英语一轮复习 第6讲 动词时态与语态课件 新人教版资料专用.ppt
3 一般现在时怎样使用?
翻译下列句子,指出一般现在时的时态含义 1. My father never takes a bus but walks to his office.
我父亲从来不坐公共汽车而是走路去上班。表 达父亲的习惯性动作。 2. Water 见时态有哪些?
答案 7.过去完成时: 主语+had done+其他 8.过去完成进行时: 主语+had been doing+其他 9.一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+do+其他 10.将来进行时: 主语+shall/will be +doing+其他 11.将来完成时: 主语+shall/will have + done+其他 12.将来完成进行时:主语+shall/will have been doing +其他
3
4.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表将来; 5.在here,there等引起的倒装句中表进行; 6.在戏剧,电影说明文字中常用一般现在时。 7.在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的 宾语从句中表示将来。
2013届高考英语一轮复习课件
新人教版广东专用
第6讲 动词时态与语态
1 什么是动词的时态?
翻译下列句子,指出句子谓语动词动作或状态 指向的时间 1. The rain had stopped when we arrived at the airport. 2. I was born 4 decades ago.
3
一般现在时表示经常反复发生的习惯性行为动 作或所处的状态。常见时间状语有:often,usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never等。 一般现在时主要用法有:
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(2)过去进行时 ①过去进行时的构成 was/were+现在分词 ②过去进行时的用法 a.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一段时间内一直在进行的动作。常与 just now, at this/that time +过去时间, those days 等时间状语连用。 I was_doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天这时候我正在做作业。 b.表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,常用动词有:come, go, leave, start, arrive, run out 等。 He asked me when I was_leaving. 他问我什么时候离开。
Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is_going_to_visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。 c.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、约定、禁 止、可能性等。 The lecture is_to_be_delivered at the hall. 讲座将在大厅举办。 d.“be about to+动词原形”或“be on the point of+名词/动名词”表示快要发生的动作,但不能与确 切的时间状语连用。 Walk up! Walk up! The performance is_about_to_begin. 快过来!快过来!表演马上开始了。
第一部分 语法知识及运用
专题6 动词的时态和语态
考点一 动词的时态
撬点·基础点 重难点
基础点 1 一般体 (1)一般现在时 ①一般现在时的构成 一般现在时通常以动词原形表示;如果主语为第三人称单数,谓语也用第三人称单数,变化规律如下:
②一般现在时的用法 a.表示习惯性、经常性或永久性的动作,常与 always, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等时间状语连用。 He often goes to work by bus, and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车上班,而且每天正餐后和妻子一块儿散步。 b.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在的事实。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
d.动作动词的现在进行时与 always, constantly 等副词连用时表达某种感情色彩,此感情色彩可褒可贬。 You are_always_changing your mind. 你总是改变主意。
He is_constantly_thinking of others first. 他总是先想着别人。
b.was/were going to do,表示“计划、准备做某事或将要出现的情况”。 She was_not_going_to_do anything that evening. 那晚她什么也没打算做。 c.was/were about to do,表示“ 正要/即将做某事”。 She was_about_to_say something more, and then chocked. 她还想说几句,却突然止住了。 d.was/were to do,表示曾计划做某事。 She said she was_to_take up the position. 她说她要担任这一职务。
e.表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作或事件,或者事先安排好的动作。常见的有此用法的 动词(短语)有 go, come, leave, start, begin, arrive, end, finish, take off 等。
Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes_off at 19:00. 快点!4026 航班 19:00 起飞。
(2)一般过去时 ①一般过去时的构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:
②一般过去时的用法 a.表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示具体过去时间的状语连用,如:yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1949。 He bought the computer five years ago. 他五年前买了电脑。
特别提醒 不宜用现在进行时的常见动词:五个表示感官的动词;四个表示情感的动词;三个表示存在的动词; 四个表示心理活动的动词;五个表示拥有或从属的动词。它们分别是: 五个感官动词:feel, look, see, hear, sound 四个情感动词:like, love, hate, want 三个存在动词:exist, stay, remain 四个心理动词:think, believe, understand, know 五个拥有或从属动词:have, possess, own, consist, belong (注:我们通常这样来巧记不宜用现在进行时的动词——现在进行不相干,五个感官四情感;三个存在 四心理,拥有从属五个班。)
特别提醒 表示客观事实、普遍真理、格言等的句子充当宾语从句时,不受主句时态的限制,即使主句用过去的 时态,从句仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 c.表示主语目前的性格、特征、状态或能力等。 My mother is an English teacher. 我妈妈是一位英语老师。 d.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,主句仍 用一般将来时。 You will_surely_succeed if you try your best. 功夫不负有心人。
(4)过去将来时 ①过去将来时的构成 should/would+动词原形 ②过去将来时的用法 a.“should/would+动词原形”,表示从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾 语从句中。 Yesterday, he said he would_come to the meeting. 昨天他说他将要参加那个会议。
Where did you go just now? 刚才你去哪儿了? b.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与 often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。 注意:表示过去习惯性的动作还可用 would, used to 代替。 When I was in the countryside, I often_called on my old friends there. 我在乡村时,经常去拜访那里的老朋友。
b.表示发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响,注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生 的影响上。常用的状语有:already, just(刚刚), yet, before 等。
He has_turned off the light.(=The light is off now.) 他已经关掉灯了。 I have_already_seen the film.(=I know the film now.) 我已经看过那部电影了。 c.在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is+the first/second...time”之后的定语从句中,谓语动词用现在完 成时。 This_is_the_first_time (that) I have_come here. 这是我第一次来这里。 This is the_best_tea (that) I have_ever_drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶了。
He will_graduate from the college next year. 他明年大学毕业。
We shall_finish our work as quickly as possible. 我们会尽快完成工作。
b.“be going to+动词原形”表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事;也可表示已有迹象表明将要发生 或即将发生某事。
c.表示一个过去的动作正在进行时,另一个过去的动作发生了,常与 when, while 引导的时间状语从 句连用。
He was_reading newspapers while I was_studying. 我在学习时他在看报。 (3)将来进行时 ①将来进行时的构成 will/shall be+现在分词 ②将来进行时的用法 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生的动作。常与 at this/that time +将来时间, from... to..., tomorrow 等时间状语连用。 Don't call me at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning, for I will_be_having a meeting then. 明天上午 8 点别给我打电话,因为那时我正在开会。
3 完成体 (1)现在完成时 ①现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词 ②现在完成时的用法 a.表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点” 或“for+时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I haven't_played the piano for years. ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗? ——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。