2014年考研陕师大英语学科教学333真题(回忆版)及908题型
陕西师范大学《333教育综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编（含部分答案）【部分讲解】
![陕西师范大学《333教育综合》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编（含部分答案）【部分讲解】](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2f1a5ec577a20029bd64783e0912a21614797fe3.png)
目 录2010年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）[视频讲解] 2012年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2012年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）[视频讲解] 2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分详解2014年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2014年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2015年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2015年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分详解2016年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2016年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2017年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2017年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2018年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2018年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案2010年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）一、名词解释（每题2.5分，共20分）1教学评价2创新教育3校本课程4成就动机5稷下学宫6定势7实科中学8泛智论二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1提出教学的教育性原则的教育家是______，他是______的代表。
2014年考研陕师大英语学科教学333真题(回忆版)及908题型
一、教育综合题型：
1、名词解释6个/30分
教育的劳动起源论学制校本课程班级授课制教育先行发现学习
2、填空题10个/20分
（1）普通教育学作者（2）影响成长的因素（3）品德发展的几个过程（4）西方历史上第一个提出按年龄阶段教学的教育家是谁（5）研究学习的过程（6）皮亚杰认知发展的阶段（7）博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辩之，督行之，出自哪本儒家著作（8）夸美纽斯的教学原则（9）也是个关于讨论学习之类的过程阶段，具体记不清了（10）大家补充，实在记不起了
3、简答题5个/50分
（1）如何激发学生的学习动机？
（2）我国中小学具有特色的教学模式有哪些？
（3）百日维新中的教育改革措施
（4）教师职业的特点
（5）如何运用讲授法讲课
4、论述题2个/50分
（1）述评课程改革目标
（2）教育如何发挥它的社会发展功能
二、顺便说下908真题题型
1、四篇阅读最后（两篇是判断题）
2、选词填空（一篇文章有20个空）20分
3、英译汉汉译英
4、英语教学法20分
（1）TBLT是什么
（2）inductive method 在gramma teaching里的运用
（3）一个好作家在pre-writing里做什么
（4）影响pronunciation的因素
（5）the role of first language in audioligual teaching
5、作文explain the reason why people develop the tendency that shopping on line。
(完整word版)2014年教育硕士333教育综合历年真题(按学校整理全)
北京师范大学2013年333回忆一、名词解析1、京师大学堂2、三舍法3、美国《国家在危机中的报告》4、洛克的白板说5、心理健康6、学习动机二、简答题1、现代教育的主要特点2、学校教育的主要价值3、个人本位论的教育目的的观点4、教学的任务三、论述题1、蔡元培的基本思想2、根据材料分析杜威的教育思想3、德育原则的理论与实际相结合的原则4、有意义学习的实质与条件北京师范大学2012年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.京师同文馆2.生活教育3.贝尔兰卡特制4.知识表征5.自我提高驱动力6.恩物二、简答题4道，每题10分1.教育的政治功能2.教育的基本目的的基本精神3.课程的多样性4.启发性教学原则三、论述题4道，每题20分1.试论孔子思想2.教育学原理的德育：论述德育过程是提高学生自我教育能力的过程。
4.材料：教育无目的论：（1）这个思想是谁提出的，请对这个人做简要介绍。
（2）这个材料的观点是什么？（3）他的其他理论有什么？北京师范大学2011年333教育综合真题一、名词解释：（6*5分）1.鸿都门学2.中体西用3.最近发展区4.元认知策略5.苏格拉底法6.道尔顿制二、简答：（4*10分）1.试评“环境决定论”2.学校教育中怎样培养学生创造力3.德育的疏导原则4.教育为什么要“以人为本”三、分析：（4*20分）1.蔡元培的“思想自由”“兼容并包”原则以及其对北大的改革2.教学原则中的科学性与思想性统一原则：指在教学中应该以马克思主义为指导，授予学生以科学知识，并结合知识教学对学生进行社会主义品德和正确的人生观和时间观的教育3.诊断性评价、形成性评价、终结性评价的内涵4.杜威教育思想华东师范大学2012年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.学校管理2.学校教育3.心理发展4.人的发展5.课程6.学习动机二、简答题1.教师劳动的特点2.简述教育的社会制约性3.简述人文主义教育的特征4.简述科举制度的影响三、分析论述题1.中国古代书院的特点2.赫尔巴特的道德教育理论华东师范大学2012年333教育综合试卷（满分150分 ;总时间180分钟）一、名词解释（5'*6=30'）1、教育制度2、综合课程3、产婆术4、绅士教育5、六艺教育6、1922新学制二、简答题（10'*4=20'）1、教学模式的结构2、教师的专业素养3、举例说明道德教育的社会学习模式4、奥苏贝尔的先行组织者策略三、论述题（20'*4=80'）1、课程编制的泰勒理论2、卢梭自然主义教育及其影响3、五四期间新文化思想对教育改革的影响4、学习动机的培养和激发华东师范大学2011年333教育综合真题一、名词解释1.学校制度2.课程标准3.智育4.分组教学5.陶冶6.技能二、简述1.我国教育目的的基本精神2.上好一堂课的要求4.培养集体的方法三、论述1.人的发展的规律性及其教育学意义2.陶行知的生活教育理论3.赞可夫的发展性教学理论4.联系实际谈谈创造性的培养措施华东师范大学2011年教育综合真题一、名词解释：1.教育先行2.教育目的的社会本位论3.终身教育4.教师专业性发展5.最近发展区6.先行组织者二、简答：1.活动课程特点2.集体中教育原则3.陶行知“生活教育”4.人文主义教育特征三、论述：1.班级授课制优缺点及教学组织形式改革方向2.评述朱熹《师说》中的教师观3.评述赫尔巴特课程理论4.精细加工策略及其教学要求华东师范大学2010年332教育综合真题一、名词解释1.教育目的2.双轨制3.京师同文馆4.活教育5.骑士教育6.《莫雷尔法案》二、简答题1.举例说明螺旋式课程内容组织及其依据和适用性3.举例说明学校实施德育的途径4.简述埃里克森人格发展理论的教育意义三、论述题1.试分析学校转型变革背景下教师的基本素养2.阅读以下材料，分析和评论其中的教育思想虽有嘉肴，弗食不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学不知其善也。
陕西师范大学2014年教育综合考研真题
陕西师范大学2014年教育综合考研真题
一、名词解释
1、教育劳动起源论
2、学制
3、校本课程
4、班级授课制
5、教育先行
6、发现学习
二、填空
1、1806年，《普通教育学》的作者（）。
2、皮亚杰的认知发展阶段分为：感知运动阶段、（）、具体运算阶段、形式运算阶段。
3、“博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之”出自（）。
4、1903年，我国颁布并实施的第一个近代学制是（）。
5、影响人发展的因素：遗传、教育、环境、主观能动性、（）。
6、学生的品德由认知、情感、意志和（）。
7、研究性学习的程序的第一步是（）。
8、西方教育史上，最早提出要划分年龄阶段，教育年龄分期的思想教育家是（）。
9、学习管理策略包括（）、制定学习计划、进行自我评价、监控学习过程。
10 夸美纽斯提出（）原则。
三、简答题
1、简述教师职业的特点。
2、在教学中如何激发学生的学习动机？
3、中小学教学最常用的，具有我国特色，影响较大的教学模式有哪些？
4、如何才能有效地运用讲述法？
5、简述清末“明治维新”推行的教育改革措施。
四、论述题
1、评述《基础教育改革刚要》中教育改革目标。
2、《国家中长期教育改革与发展纲要》（2010-2020）提出“科教兴国、人才强国”中国未来发展，中华民族伟大复兴，关键靠人才，基础在教育。
（胡锦涛）
试论述教育如何实现其社会发展功能？。
西北师范大学333教育综合专业课考研真题(2010-2018年)
1.中小学班主任工作的主要内容以及如何建设班集体？ 2.教学过程中为什么既要发挥教师的主导作用又要发挥学生的主动性？并说明应该怎 么处理这对关系？
第 12 ／14页
西北师范大学自命题专业课考研真题（原版试题）
西北师范大学 2017 年 333 教育综合真题
硕士研究生
入 学 考 试 试 题
（原版真题）
西北师范大学自命题专业课考研真题（原版试题）
西北师范大学 2010 年 333 教育综合真题
一、名词解释
1.班级 2.研究法 3.勤工俭学 4.锻炼 5.监生历事制度 6.国防教育法
二、简答题
1.教育对生产力发展的作用表现在那些方面？ 2.环境在人身心发展中的作用是什么？ 3.百日维新中教育改革的主要措施？ 4.动作技能形成阶段？
二、简答题
1.简述我国教育目的的基本要求（精神） 2.简述教学过程中直接经验与间接经验的关系 3.简述“百日维新”中的教育改革措施 4.简述自我效能感理论及对学习活动的意义
三、论述题
1.论述教师应具备的素养 2.论述《学记》中的主要教学原则 3.结构主义教育代表的代表人物及主要思想 4.行为主义心理学
1.简述影响知识理解的因素 2.简述学科课程与活动课程的不同 3.简述支架教学法与最近发展区的关系 4.简述启发性教学原则及其要求
三、论述题（每题 25 分，共 50 分）
2.试述王阳明“致良知”的教育目的论及其意义 3.试述乌申斯基的“教育民族论”的中国意义
三、案例分析（本题 20 分）
材料：王老师是一名班主任，平时对学生十分严格，不许学生仍纸屑、垃圾。自己在 课堂上时不时说脏话，烟头也随手扔到讲台下面。他经常要教育学生改掉那些坏习 惯，可是学生们一点都没有改变，王老师很是无奈。 1.结合材料分析王老师的班级为什么会出现这种现象？试分析其原因。 2.作为班主任，如何才能达到好的教育效果？
2014陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题 答案
2014陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题一、名词解释：1.学制(11华中 12陕西 12浙江 14华中)学校教育制度简称学制，是指一个国家或地区各级各类学校系统及其管理规则的总称。
它规定着各级各类学校的性质、任务、入学条件、修业年限以及它们之间的关系。
学校教育制度是现代教育制度的核心内容。
2.教育先行(11华东)3.教育的劳动起源论杨贤江马克思提出4.发现学习发现学习，亦称探究学习，问题/探究教学：在教师引导下，学生主要通过积极参与对问题的分析、探索，主动发现或建构新知，掌握其方法与程序，养成他们的科研能力、科学态度和品行的教学。
基本阶段：明确问题-深入探究-作出结论二、填空题：10个1、大教学论的作者：夸美纽斯（国籍：捷克）2、我国近代颁布并首次得到实施的学制：癸卯学制（我国近代第一个以中央政府名义制定的全国性学制，公布未实行：壬寅学制）3、博学之，审问之，慎思之、明辨之、笃行之定为学习过程的是：《白鹿洞书院揭示》4、皮亚杰认为，人的发展分为四阶段：感知运动阶段，前运算阶段，具体运算阶段，形式运算阶段5、夸美纽斯的教育原则：论教育适应自然的原则（贯穿夸美纽斯整个教育体系的一条根本的指导性原则；母育学校-国语学校-拉丁语学校-大学；教育要适应大自然的发展法则以及教育要适应儿童个体的自然发展，即适应儿童的天性、年龄特征）①直观性原则【认为教学应从观察实际事物开始，在不能进行直接观察时，可以使用图片或模型，在呈现直观教具是要讲它们直接放到学生的眼睛眼前等等】②激发学生求知欲望的原则（针对强逼孩子们去学习功课的现象提出）；巩固性原则（经常地练习和复习是巩固知识的重要方法）；③量力性原则；④系统性和循序渐进性原则6、西方教育史上第一个提出按学生年龄来进行教学的是：亚里士多德（首次提出了按年龄划分受教育的阶段，及在各年龄阶段教育的要求、组织第一阶段(0—7岁)：这一时期里，教育要顺应自然，要注意儿童身体的健康发展，要引导儿童多做适宜肢体发育的游戏和活动。
2014年考研南师大333教育综合真题(回忆版)
一、名词解释（6‘×5）1.赫《普通教育学》2.社会本位论3.最近发展区4.有效教学5.行动研究二、填空（好象是20分）1.马克思认为，教育起源于——2.决定教育权和受教育权的主要因素——3.我国教育目的的理论基础——4.解决社会生活的课程——5.课改文件的名称——6.手哦及学生学习过程中的一些信息，反映学生成长变化的评价方法是——7.学生品德构成的基本因素有——8.学制发展的方向——9.学校教学的基本组织形式——10.罗杰斯的非指导性教育属于——理论。
三、判断并作出说明（8’×5）1.义务教育的特点是强制性、免费性、普及性。
2.教育影响都是积极正向的。
3.师生关系就是知识的传授关系。
4.教学是用教材教，而不是教教材。
5.班级是一个“准自治组织”。
四、问答（10‘×4）1.试述人的身心发展特点及其对教育的要求。
2.我国教育目的的基本精神是什么？3.试述课程编制（开发）的基本程序或步骤。
4.试述杜威的教育思想及其现实意义。
五、材料题（好像是20分）一位教师在给学生讲人教版第七册钓鳟鱼的课文，老师提问“仔细读课文，看看父亲是一位怎样的人。
生1：为什么还没有到时间父亲就允许我钓鱼，而掉到鱼又让我放走？”老师脸带怒色地说：“你没有听清楚老师的问题，坐下。
”生1很害羞地坐了下去，这一堂课就再也没有举手了。
生2：我觉得这位父亲对自己的孩子很严格。
老师：仅仅是严格吗？生2也坐了下去，再也没有发言。
老师：在没有人的情况下，父亲严格要求自己遵守规则，是一个品德高尚的人。
下课后老师向同事抱怨：我给了他们机会，可是他们不珍惜，只好我自己报了答案，我也没有办法。
问题1.这位教师的行为是否合适，为什么？问题2.如果换作是你，你会怎么做。
2014年上师大应用语言学真题和333教育综合真题
2014上师大952应用语言学真题(回忆版)一.Definition (5’x5)1. subjective test and objective test2. linguistic competence and linguistic performance3. humanistic approach4. behaviorist psychol ogy5. TG二、answer the following questions briefly(13’x5) 1. phoneme and phone2. what are the features of creativity of language3. what is the teacher development?4. principles of communicative approach?5. difference between achievement test and proficeiency test三、discussion the following questions (30’x2) (每一题都有100+的字，大致内容为。
)1. teacher’s role under communicative approach2. list at least four syllabus2014上师大333教育综合真题(回忆版)名词解释 1. 课程标准 2. 教学目的 3. 学校管理 4. 骑士教育 5. 多元智力理论 6. 京师同文馆二、简答题1. 科尔伯格道德阶段理论2. 教师的专业素养3. 教育的社会流动功能4. “百日维新”的政策三、论述题1. 结合实例讨论下教学中理论与实际相联系2. 科举制及其影响3. 卢梭自然教育及影响4. 陈述性知识与程序性知识。
陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选
陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选陕西师范大学333教育综合考研真题精选单选题（共18题，共18分）1.颜元主持的漳南书院性质上属于A.理学书院B.实学书院C.制艺书院D.考据书院2.在西方古代教育史上，提出教育目的在于实现个人的“灵魂转向”，主张“寓学习于游戏”、“学习即回忆”的教育家是A.苏格拉底B.柏拉图C.亚里士多德D.奥古斯丁3.在西方近代教育中，依据教育心理学化的理念，提出初等学校教育应该从最简单要素开始，以便循序渐进地促进人的和谐发展的教育家是A.洛克B.卢梭C.夸美纽斯D.裴斯泰洛齐4.建构主义学习观认为：学习具有主动建构性、社会互动性与（）A.能动性B.主体性C.可迁移性D.情境性5.“不愤不启，不悱不发”主要阐明的教学原则是（）A.启发式原则B.科学性原则C.理论联系实际原则D.巩固性原则6.提出教育心理学化思想，并将教育与生产劳动相结合的观念付诸实践，并据此提出要素教育，推动了初等学校教学法的程序化改革的教育家是( )A.赫尔巴特B.杜威C.福禄培尔D.裴斯泰洛齐7.奥苏伯尔所提出的学习有上位学习、下位学习和( )A.意义学习B.智慧学习C.机械学习D.并列结合学习8.国子学产生于下列哪个朝代？( )A.西晋B.东晋C.南朝D.北朝9.提出最近发展区的教育家是( )A.杜威B.维果茨基C.卢梭D.赫尔巴特10.奥苏伯尔将学习分为机械学习与（）A.意义学习B.策略学习C.概念学习D.技能学习11.我国最早规定义务教育阶段的学制是（）A.壬寅学制B.癸卯学制C.壬子癸卯学制D.壬戌学制12.综合实践活动课程的基本特征是：综合性、实践性、开放性、自主性和（）B.目的性C.生成性D.社会性13.我国中小学中常用的基本教学方法是（）A.讲授法B.演示法C.参观法D.练习法14.我国最早的教学理论著作是（）A.《大学》B.《论演说家的教育》C.《论语》D.《学记》15.提出灵魂转向，学习即回忆的哲学家是( )A.苏格拉底B.柏拉图C.亚里士多德D.卢梭16.奥苏伯尔提出的和机械学习相对应的学习是( )A.智慧学习B.意义学习D.下位学习17.我国首次提出义务教育的学制是( )A.壬寅学制B.癸卯学制C.壬子癸丑学制D.壬戌学制18.我国第一部论述教育、教学问题的著作是( )A.《论语》B.《学记》C.《大学》D.《中庸》判断题（共7题，共7分）19.教学是学校的首要工作。
2014年教育学考研统考真题完整版
2014年教育学考研统考真题完整版教育学作为一门研究教育现象、教育问题及其规律的社会科学，其考研统考真题对于广大考生来说具有重要的指导意义。
2014 年的教育学考研统考真题涵盖了教育学原理、中外教育史、教育心理学和教育研究方法等多个学科领域，全面考查了考生对教育学基础知识的掌握程度和运用能力。
在教育学原理部分，真题注重考查考生对教育基本概念、教育目的、教育制度等方面的理解。
例如，有一道题目要求考生阐述教育与社会发展的关系，这就需要考生能够清晰地分析教育在经济、政治、文化等方面所起到的作用以及社会发展对教育的影响。
还有题目涉及到课程理论和教学方法，要求考生对比不同的课程模式和教学策略，并分析其优缺点。
中外教育史部分的真题则涵盖了从古代到现代的教育发展历程。
中国教育史方面，可能会问到儒家教育思想的核心观点以及其在历史上的演变和影响。
外国教育史部分，可能会让考生分析古希腊教育与古罗马教育的差异，或者探讨近代西方教育制度的形成和发展。
教育心理学板块的题目通常会关注学习理论、动机理论、认知发展等方面。
比如，会让考生解释某种学习理论如何应用于实际教学中，或者分析学生学习动机的激发与维持策略。
这部分题目要求考生不仅要熟悉各种理论，还要能够将其与教育实践相结合。
教育研究方法是教育学考研中的重要组成部分。
真题可能会要求考生设计一个教育研究方案，包括研究问题的提出、研究方法的选择、数据收集与分析等环节。
也可能会给出一段研究资料，让考生进行解读和评价。
下面我们具体来看几道 2014 年的真题。
有一道教育学原理的题目是这样的：“请结合实际，谈谈教育如何促进人的全面发展。
”这道题首先要求考生对“人的全面发展”这一概念有清晰的理解，包括其内涵、要素等。
然后，考生需要结合现实中的教育现象和实践，从教育目标、课程设置、教学方法、教育评价等多个方面来阐述教育促进人的全面发展的途径和策略。
比如，在教育目标上，要注重培养学生的德智体美劳等多方面素质；在课程设置上，要实现学科融合，提供丰富多样的选修课程；在教学方法上，要采用启发式、探究式教学，激发学生的主动性和创造性；在教育评价上，要建立多元化的评价体系，不仅关注学生的学业成绩，还要重视学生的综合素质和个性发展。
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题(A)
陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题（A）院系____________________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号___________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共13页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
3.本课程为闭卷考试。
Non-English Major Graduate Student English TestTest Booklet试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. There aren’t enough supplies of fuel for the coming cold winter.B. No fuel is available.C. The cold weather has increased the demand for food.D. They are inexperienced in dealing with a severe winter.2. A. He loves his present job.. B. He is to open a store.C. He is about to retire.D. He works in a repair shop.3. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed early.C. To catch a later flight.D. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. Right now.B. In the physics class.C. After the class.D. In the afternoon.5. A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if they pay is good.D. She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.6. A. He dislikes food from the snack bar.B. He doesn’t need anything.C. He asks the woman to buy a newspaper for him.D. He will go with the woman and hand in his term paper.7. A. $120.B. $ 180.C. $ 90.D. $ 40.8. A. They should take the train instead.B. They have to drive Shanghai for economic reason.C. They’d better drive faster.D. Their watches are too expensive.9. A. The doctor and the patient.B. The mother and the son.C. The customer and the waiter.D.The teacher and the student.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be read to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B. Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C. Because many older people sell their houses after children leave.D. Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones.11. A. They have to do their own maintenance.B. They have to furnish their own houses.C. They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D. They will find it difficult to dispose of their old style furniture.12. A. 160,000.B. 320,000.C. 15,000.D. 30,000.13. A. Due to heat-waves.B. Due to scorching summer.C. Due to mosquitoes.D. Due to warmer temperatures, droughts and floods.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The probability of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice toa full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. meticulousB.trustworthyC. intelligentD.diligent17. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of thebaby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze18. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary lifecould possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate19. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous20. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win afurther U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries21. The analysis suggests that the trade off between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing22. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort23. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, andtelevision commercials.A. potentlyB. sympatheticallyC. generouslyD. unconditionally24. The indignant passengers on the trolley-bus beat the pickpocket black and blue when they caught him.A. impatientB. tolerantC. crudeD. irate25. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made fromspecial clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crudeSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as a prime market, with the result that Hollywoodfilmmakers __________ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.A. obedientlyB. operaticallyC. obsessivelyD. outrageously27. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympicssomehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable28. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ toexpressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions29. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lustfor power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest levelin 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around theworld.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate33. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed34. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out35. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (36)____ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (37)____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (38)______,or by whom. But it began to be (39)_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to(40)______ music. In contrast to classical music, which (41)______ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (42)______ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (43)______like America, and (44)_____ it does today. The (45)______ of this music are as interesting as the music(46)______. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (47)______. They were brought to Southern States (48)______ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (49)______.When a Negro died, his friend and relatives (50)______ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (51)_______.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (52)_______ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (53)______, but the living were glad to belive.The band played (54)_______ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (55)______ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz.36. A. By B. At C. In D. On37. A. music B. song C. melody D. style38. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed39. A. noticed B. found C. listened D. heard40. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light41. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces42. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating43. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded44. A. does B. did C. do D. sounds45. A. origins B. originals C. discoveries D. resources46. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself47. A. players B. followers C. fans D. pioneers48. A. for B. as C. with D. by49. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times50. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed51. A. demonstration B. procession C. body D. march52. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But53. A. number B. members C .body D. relations54. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral55. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between scienceand technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between scienceand technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discovermay shockor anger people —as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the humanfactor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general —so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?56. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC. the former aims to discoverthe inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD. all of the above57. Which of the following may be representative of science?A. The origin of the species.B. The theory of evolution.C. Farming tools.D. Mass production.58. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A. must be strictly objectiveB. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikesC. should conform to popular opinionsD. always appear in perfect and finished forms59. The author states that technology itself _____.A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC. will lead to a better world if put to wise useD. will inevitably be for bad purpose60. What is the suitable title for this passage?A. Science and TechnologyB. Difference Between Science and Technology.C. Science —the way to comprehend the universe.D. Technology —Discovering New Designs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants(契约) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one’s late teens is not usually encouraged because marr ied life is likely to interfere with a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between familie s, villages and communities. And it doesn’t only happen in countries which don’t have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the groom’s family.It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.61. What is the topic of this passage?A.Child brides.B. Early marriages.C. Minimum age for marriage.D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.62. The word ―promiscuity‖(Para. 3) means__________.A. unstable partnershipB. firm partnershipC. diverse relationshipD. single relationship63. __________is likely to marry late.A. Women from less educated backgroundB. Women from rural areasC. Women from Islamic countriesD. Women from cities64. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.A. social positionB. rural customsC. personal arrangementsD. religion65. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.A. reducing a young woman’s educationB. limiting a young woman’s chancesC. causing infant deathD. doing harm to a young woman’s healthB.Passage ThreeQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Tracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. ―Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week—not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,‖ says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all woul d fail.Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation, required to perform community service, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.66. Which of the following can help government agents catch cybercriminals?A. Numbers, symbols and letters.B. Credit card numbers.C. Suspects’ fingerprints.D. The technology used to commit the crimes.67. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?A. Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.B. Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.C. Telephone companies were confused.D. The power in the government building was cut off.68. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author warns hackers of getting away from committing cybercrimes.B. The author complains about cybercrimes.C. The author suggests hackers not to commit cybersrimes.D. The author commands that hackers must stop committing cybercrims.69. What does the FBI agent say about the consequence of a computer crime?A. There would beno more television programs to watch.B. A city would be no more thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the East Coast for a week.D. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cybercriminals?A. Being put into prison.B. Sentenced to death.C. Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.D. Doing something for the company.Passage FourQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.71. This selection can best be titled__________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence72. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence73. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12574. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain75. This passage suggests that an individual’s I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodPassage FiveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear, and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.76. The passage is mainly about________.A. the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC. the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD. the correlation between the sun and the earth77. We can conclude from the passage that_______.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast78. The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because________.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles79. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.80. It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because________.A. the moon passes between the sun and the earthB. the sun gets dark during the dayC. the earth’s shadow falls on the moonD. no light from the sun can reach the moonPassage SixQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the―grand tou r‖, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that i t leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ―Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites‖ of that ―Latin peoples shout a lot‖. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.。
2010-2020年陕西师范大学333教育综合真题
2020年陕西师范大学333真题一、选择题（10个略）二、名词解释1.学制2.进步教育运动3.学习动机4.学记5.教育目的三、简答1.简述教学原则2.简述德育方法3.赞科夫的发展理论的五个原则4.赫尔巴特教学阶段论5.教育对个体的功能表现为哪两个方面四、论述1.教师专业素养有哪些？如何培养教师专业素养？2.陶行知的生活教育理论及历史影响。
3.创造性发展的影响因素，及如何培养学生的创造性？2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合真题一、名词解释（每小题4 分，共 20 分）1.教育制度2.道尔顿制3.成就动机4.综合课程5.探究性学习二、填空题（每空 1 分，共 20 分）1.西周的“六艺”分别指()、()、()、()、()、()。
2.马斯洛需求层次理论：生理需要、 ()、()、 ()、认识和理解的需要、审美的需要、自我实现的需要。
3.当代很多国家已经把()列入学制系统。
这是现代学制在当前的一个重要发展，也是现代学制向终身教育制度方向发展的重要标志之一。
4.我国教育法最近一次修订是()年。
5.北师大发布的中国学生发展核心素养分为()、()、() 三个方面。
6.1902 年颁布的第一个全国性学制()。
7.为了改变课程管理过于集中的情况，现在实行()、()、()三级课程管理。
8.受环境影响较大者称为场()性,把受环境影响小者称为场()性。
三、判断题（判断对错，如有错误并改正，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）1.“教育即生活”“教育即经验改造”是由赫尔巴特提出来的。
2.稷下学宫是一所由民间举办官方管理的特殊形式的学校。
3.旧知识对新知识的干扰是倒摄抑制。
4.德国的梅伊曼是实验教育学的代表人物之一。
5.雅典的初等教育有文法学校和骑射学校两种。
6.八股文考试是从清朝初期开始的。
7.终结性评价是指在教学过程中为了解学生的学习情况，及时发现教学中的问题而进行的评价。
8.学习迁移发生于学生的知识学习过程，而在情感态度和能力发展方面不发生迁移。
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一、教育综合题型：
1、名词解释6个/30分
教育的劳动起源论学制校本课程班级授课制教育先行发现学习
2、填空题10个/20分
（1）普通教育学作者（2）影响成长的因素（3）品德发展的几个过程（4）西方历史上第一个提出按年龄阶段教学的教育家是谁（5）研究学习的过程（6）皮亚杰认知发展的阶段（7）博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辩之，督行之，出自哪本儒家著作（8）夸美纽斯的教学原则（9）也是个关于讨论学习之类的过程阶段，具体记不清了（10）大家补充，实在记不起了
3、简答题5个/50分
（1）如何激发学生的学习动机？
（2）我国中小学具有特色的教学模式有哪些？
（3）百日维新中的教育改革措施
（4）教师职业的特点
（5）如何运用讲授法讲课
4、论述题2个/50分
（1）述评课程改革目标
（2）教育如何发挥它的社会发展功能
二、顺便说下908真题题型
1、四篇阅读最后（两篇是判断题）
2、选词填空（一篇文章有20个空）20分
3、英译汉汉译英
4、英语教学法20分
（1）TBLT是什么
（2）inductive method 在gramma teaching里的运用
（3）一个好作家在pre-writing里做什么
（4）影响pronunciation的因素
（5）the role of first language in audioligual teaching
5、作文explain the reason why people develop the tendency that shopping on line。