《高级英语笔译》第四讲作业
《高级笔译》课程教学大纲
高级笔译一、性质和目的本课程是是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门技能类专业必修课。
主要目的和任务是向学生系统传授基本翻译理论及常用英汉翻译方法与技巧，通过对两种语言形式的转换和比较，了解其词汇、句法和修辞方面的异同，更深入地理解英语的结构和习惯表达方式，提高学生对语言的实际应用水平，通过大量的翻译实践，使学生掌握英汉翻译基础理论知识，了解翻译基本要求和规律，巩固培养英汉互译实践能力。
二、基本要求正确认识课程的性质、任务及其研究对象。
基本了解我国及西方翻译史；中国译学状况回顾与反思；翻译的几个一般性问题；了解翻译的过程并能运用翻译的基础理论，进一步熟悉英汉两种语言的对比，掌握翻译的常用方法与技巧。
能够进行英汉互译及浅显的文学原著。
要求译文忠实原著，语言通顺流畅。
三、教学内容与学时本课程总学时：32学时。
教学安排跨度为1学期，周学时2节。
选用教材：《英译汉教程》连淑能高等教育出版社，2006选用教材：《英译汉教程》连淑能高等教育出版社，2006o第一章：翻译概论综合讲述翻译的定义，翻译的标准，译者的素质要求，翻译策略以及翻译过程，让学生对翻译有初步的了解第二章：英汉语言对比本章内容是对笔译基础课程的简单概括，对英汉语言的十个不同现象进行对比研究，让学生巩固前期基础课程所学内容，为后期学习提供语言依据第三章：选词法从情感意义，语法意义，语境意义，搭配意义，文体意义、模糊意义，引申意义，对应意义，准确意义，及同词异译，异词同译等十个角度来教会学生翻译时如何确定词义并选择合适的译文第四章：转换法由于英汉两种语言存在词类使用频率不同及句法结构不同的原因，因此在翻译时应该注意词类转换，如汉语多动用词，英文多用介词和名词，因此英译汉时英语词类多转换成汉语动词；由于英语多是复杂句，汉语多是简短句，所以英译汉时会有句法结构的转换。
第五章.增补法由于英汉两种语言语义范围不同，英译汉时会根据需要在汉语中增加词语补足语义，分别从不同角度增加，如语法结构角度，语义角度，还有修辞角度增补第六章省略法省略英语特有的词汇，省略汉语多余的词汇第七章重复法语法需要重复，修辞性重叠和重复第八章倒置法根据英汉对比的结果，英汉两种语言的句式结构存在很大差异，英文句式树式结构，汉语句子流水句，而且两种语言句子的逻辑顺序也存在差异，因此翻译时，必要的句子结构调整是需要的。
英译汉试题集
高级笔译翻译考试模拟试题及答案1 I think lawyers mistakenly believe complex language enhances the mystique of the law. 2 Not long ago, a foreign visitor whose English is extremely good told me of his embarrassment in a tea shop. 3 Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 4We have created a faculty of scholars frequently so narrow in their studies and specialized in their scholarship they are simply incapable of teaching introductory courses. 5 Then the players find out the lottery is not particularly good bet and they find other forms of gambling. 6 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum droppingoff a tree. 7 There has always been a close cultural link, or tie between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music. 8 We must just make the best of things as they come along. 9 But once I made the decision, I went at it with all flags flying. 10Autumn’s mellow hand was upon the woods, as they owned already, touched with gold and red and olive. 解析： 1我认为律师们有一个错误的想法，即复杂的语言能增加法律的深奥性。
高级口译笔译
笔译高级指导：英汉报刊翻译常见错误(一)Chapter 1 习语翻译中的常见错误关于英语习语的概念，《英语习语大词典》在序言中说得很清楚：英语的idiom在汉语里相应的说法是“成语”或“习语”。
成语/习语是在语义上和语法上受到限制的词组和句子，它们作为一个单位来使用。
从语义学上看，成语的意义不是其中单个词的意思的总和;从语法上看，其中的词不允许任意变换，例如，英语的It’s raining cats and dogs是“倾盆大雨”的意思，不是“下猫和狗”;不允许变换成It’s raining a cat and a dog，也不允许变换成It’s raining dogs and cats;汉语里如“七嘴八舌”表示“人多言杂”，不是“七张嘴八个舌头”，不允许说成“七舌八嘴”。
所以有人把它叫做“现成的话语”，另外还有一种说法是“惯用组合”。
从本章的例子可以看出，英文习语的翻译最常见的错误就在于望文生义。
比如score 这个词，它有“二十”的意思，以为变成复数scores of 就是“几十”，殊不知词典上的释义是“许多，大量”。
可见，望文生义想当然在英语习语翻译中是容易出错的。
还有，英文的动词短语用的很广，可对我们中国人来说很头疼，一不小心就会闹笑话。
光从字面上理解往往就会弄错。
动词短语to tell sb. Off就是个明显的例子，光从字面上看，似乎是“叫某人走开”，可一查词典根本就没有这个意思。
请大家仔细研究下面的第一个例子：例1、in to the bargain是“讨价还价”吗?Georgia was waking up to a new president Monday but in to the bargain it was also getting as its first lady a green-eyed linguist from Holland who has already managed to cast a spell over the tiny Caucasus nation.Sandra Roelofs is seen by some as the secret weapon which enabled her husband Saakashvili to win a landslide victory in a presidential election held on Sunday.She accompanied her husband on the campaign trail, impressing voters with her command of Georgian and her easy going manner, even gamely doing a turn on the electric organ on a television chat show.But the tall, svelte and photogenic woman with strawberry blonde hair is more than just the stereotypical politician’s wife, looking pretty and staying in the background. She runs an investment consultancy, speaks six languages – she is currently learning a seventh – and some believe she is the real brains behind her husband’s meteoric rise to power.原译：星期一，格鲁吉亚意识到有一位新总统，但经讨价还价又得到了来自荷兰的通晓数国语言的第一夫人，她已千方百计迷住了高加索这个小国。
高级翻译练习材料
《高级（汉英）翻译》练习材料（内部使用，请勿外传）练习1－新闻文本“中国公主”十强选手赛前充电瓷娃娃美肤之旅作为2013年第四届杭州德国周最大的看点“科隆狂欢节中国公主评选总决赛”已进入倒计时阶段，十强佳丽们紧锣密鼓的在做她们的参赛准备。
为了让选手们能够在台上更有魅力和信心，本次大赛的指定形象机构将邀佳丽们前往虞美人国际集团的会所，亲身体验一趟瓷娃娃美肤之旅，用于文红独创的艺术面雕为他们设计、打造属于她们每个人不同的中国公主形象。
在中国公主的十强选手中既有校园美女，也有职场白领，还有来自时尚圈、演艺圈的达人，虽然来自不同行业，但是，如何保持瓷娃娃般无瑕疵的美肌却是她们共同的难题。
温妮是一个平面模特，她说：“在工作中，总免不了要化妆、熬夜，因而各种各样的肌肤问题也常常找上门来，她很担心如果她成为中国公主，无法把自己最光鲜、亮丽的一面表现出来。
其实像温妮这样有皮肤困扰的选手特别多，针对这些皮肤困扰和疑问，虞美人不仅为选手们提供了日常护肤的建议，更是提供了最有效的实践体验。
“我和历届的中国公主交流过，分享过，想到文化使者这么重要的角色能在美丽的西子湖畔诞生，我也义不容辞的要参与到这场盛会中来。
”大赛艺术总监于文红说。
“东方人的五官没有欧洲人立体，周围都是亚洲人感觉不出，去到德国就会有明显的感觉，脸变得很平面。
”但形象打造可不是让选手去动刀整形，五官与环境只有和谐统一才能产生美感，而最重要的由内而外的让肤质有比较明显的改善。
通过瓷娃娃项目对面部的松弛、眼角纹就能得到改善，上镜后的皮肤也就更透亮了。
另外，她还建议每位选手注意台上的服装、饰品等方面的和谐的搭配，才能把自己的优点最大化的凸显出来，从而掩盖掉缺点，选手的自信也能因此加分。
9月21日下午，“科隆狂欢节中国公主总决赛”将在吴山广场举办，谁将冠冕中国公主？谁将踏上科隆狂欢节的最高舞台？让我们一起期待吧！练习2－广告文本三星——让您的睡眠健康快乐您今天睡得好吗？每天8小时，每周56小时，每月240小时，每年2920小时或者说您一生中三分之一的时间，这是我们每个人花在睡觉上的时间。
外研社美国文学史及选读(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 22 Kate Chopin
Content
Chapter 21 Henry James Chapter 22 Kate Chopin Chapter 23 O. Henry Chapter 24 Theodore Dreiser Chapter 25 Jack London Chapter 26 Sherwood Anderson
CChhapatpert3er 22 Kate Chopin
Brief Comment
Although Chopin was criticized during her lifetime, she eventually became recognized as a forerunner of feminist authors of the 20th century. Her works were rediscovered during the 1970s, when scholars evaluated her works from a feminist perspective, noting Chopin’s characters’ resistance to patriarchal structures. She was raised in a largely female environment during an era of great change in America.
Chapter 22 Kate Chopin
Life and Works Brief Comment Selections Notes For Study and Discussion
CChhapatpert3er 22 Kate Chopin
Life and Works
Kate Chopin (1850–1904)
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of laborand capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure,and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulativeeffect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow couldbe great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so thatdeficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing butspending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. Thisproductivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.参考译文：政府支出对于整个经济的影响作用，受到以下两个因素的制约。
大学英语高级翻译讲义及答案
第一讲中国翻译史、翻译的性质、标准、目的和要求一、中国翻译史1. 东汉—唐宋：第一次高潮2.明末清初——第二次高潮3. 五四以前——第三次高潮4. 五四运动之后——第四次高潮5. 1978改革开放后—第五次高潮二、翻译的性质三、翻译的标准四、翻译课的目的和对译者的要求一、中国翻译史中国的翻译已有近2000年的历史，出现过的翻译高潮大致也有五次。
1. 东汉—唐宋：第一次高潮中国佛教的三大翻译家：鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva 344--413)、真谛(Paramartha/Gunarata 499--569)、佛经翻译（Translation of Buddhist Scripture）玄奘(Xuan Zang)。
由于佛经的翻译，使“佛经”和“论”两种文体进入汉语。
鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva 344--413)天竺人，东晋时来华，译经300多卷。
一改过去音译的弱点，主张意译，并倡导译者署名。
他的译著有“天然西域之语趣”，表达了原作之神情，为我国的翻译文学奠定了基础。
真谛(Paramartha/Gunarata 499--569)印度佛教学者，南北朝时来华，译了49部经。
著有《摄大乘论》，对中国佛教思想有较大的影响。
玄奘(Xuan Zang)唐朝人，于628年去印度求经，17年后回国，主持译场，19年译出75部佛经。
把老子著作的一部分译成梵文，是第一个向国外介绍汉文的中国人。
他的翻译标准“既须求真，又须喻俗”，直到今天仍有意义。
主张音译，其音译为主的翻译方法对于固定和传播佛教词语和概念以及印度语言文化于中国，具有不可磨灭的历史功绩。
2.明末清初——第二次高潮西方科技著作的汉译：徐光启和意大利人利玛窦（Matteo Ricci,1552—1610）合作翻译的欧几里《几何原本》、《测量法义》等中国典籍的西译：利玛窦最早将“四书”译成拉丁文。
中国经典和儒家学说通过意大利和法国传教士的翻译与介绍，先后有了拉丁文和法文译本，流传到欧洲知识界和上层社会。
高级笔译 练习一及答案
I. 英汉句子翻译1) A huge new business requires deep pockets, patience and a raison d’être. 开创一番新事业需要雄厚的资金与无比的耐心，还要清楚此事业值得开创的理由。
2) Failure to greet a person you recognize or to answer a greeting to you is unkindness to the other person, and very bad manners. 不与别人打招呼或是不回应别人的问候，是对别人的不尊重，也是失礼的。
3) Military strategy may bear some similarity to the chessboard but it is dangerous to carry the analogy too far. 打仗的策略同下棋可能有某些相似之处，但是如果把这两者的类比过分夸大，则是危险的。
4) Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 清洁运动并未使公共厕所的卫生状况有任何改观。
5) Other parts of the country were blessed with timely rains, too. 国内其他的地方也下了及时雨。
6) Not getting that job was actually a blessing in disguise, because I have got a much better one. 没有得到那份工作其实是塞翁失马，因为现在我已得到一个好得多的工作。
7) A Fortune 100 company with global presence and impact, Motorola had sales of US $42.8 billion in 2006. 摩托罗拉是世界财富百强企业之一，拥有全球性的业务和影响力，2006年的销售额为428亿美元。
《高级商务笔译》课后练习参考译文
商务笔译课后练习参考译文第1 章提升翻译能力的对策IV.句子翻译1.在21 世纪，商业环境极具竞争性，不断改进已经不再是一种选择，而是一种必要。
任何规模的机构都可以带来变化的一个领域就是人力资源的利用。
人是公司最大的财富。
2.改变过时的结构、打破陈旧的观念有利于企业吸引、激励、留任那些有远见、技能和决心去与时俱进的员工。
3.外部激励（如巨额奖金）可能会适得其反，因为这种奖金会滋生个人贪欲而非企业道德，助长竞争而非协同工作。
相比之下，内部激励则更持久，能引导员工去关注工作而非报酬。
4.领导艺术的精髓就是促使下属不断尽力而为，帮助他们最大限度地发掘潜力，激励他们为共同利益而努力。
5.如果领导者对机构内各级人员的工作、能力、希望与要求都给予尊重，他也会得到别人的尊重。
6.帮助员工学习新技能、在机构内部轮换岗位都可以作为内部激励的方式，也可以留住那些本想去别处寻找新挑战的员工。
7.亚伯拉罕•马斯洛提出的人类动机理论已广为人知。
在这一理论中，马斯洛将人类的需要分为五个按固定顺序逐级而上的层次。
人们只有在基础需求得到充分满足之后，才会努力满足更高的需求。
著名的马斯洛需求层次理论由以下五个方面构成：（1）生理需求，（2）安全需求，（3）爱与隶属需求，（4）尊严需求，（5）自我实现需求。
8.现代生活的负担加上工作的高要求会导致人们情绪失衡，即通称的压力。
但并非所有的压力都有害无益。
活着就意味着应对实现追求的压力和迎接挑战的兴奋。
其实，已有证据表明人需要适量的刺激，而单调乏味的工作和超负荷工作会带来同样的问题。
我们通常所说的压力指的是过大的压力。
9.出色的管理在于最大程度地提升绩效以实现特定的机构目标。
虽然许多管理者都非常明确他们的目标，也了解员工的不足之处，然而当涉及到如何改善员工行为以取得预期绩效这类问题时，这些管理者却往往手足无措。
10.从根本上讲, 工作满意感是一种源于对自己工作体验评价的积极情感。
如果人们对工作的期望无法实现，就会对工作产生不满。
《高级英汉翻译》课程终结考试试卷(样题及答案和评分标准)
Get ready for the final exams of English/ChineseTranslation (1&2)Part I E－C Translation Test1. Composition of the Test Papers & useful skills in coping with the tests“高级英汉翻译”课程●评价目标：重点测试学生英汉笔译的技巧，包括增译法、减译法、词类转移法、词序调整法、分译法、重译法、正说反译，反说正译法和习语翻译等。
同时也考查相关的翻译理论知识、英语理解和汉语表达能力。
●命题原则：根据教材所涵盖的文章主题、体裁、翻译技巧以及与教材难度相当的书面语言材料命题。
英译汉的课外材料必须是从英语原著上选来的未经简化的文字。
涉及教材内容不少于50%。
●试题结构：“高级英汉翻译”课程终结考试试卷（样题）课程编号：ENBAE3 1001______ 学籍号：________________ 学习中心：________________ 姓名：________________Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of FOUR sections. They are:Section I: Understanding of Theories (10 points, 15 minutes)Section II: Phrase Translation (25 points, 20 minutes)Section III: Sentence Translation (30 points, 25 minutes)Section IV: Passage Translation (35 points, 60 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed forcompleting this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes)YOU MUST WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. Section I Understanding of Theories[10 points]Questions 1-10. (10 points)The following statements are about some translation theories you are familiar with. Decide whether these statements are true or false by writing T for "true" and F for "false" on your Answer Sheet.______1. Since Chinese and English belong to two different language families, one has to make some adjustments in lexicon and sentence structure to make the translated version smooth and natural.______2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.______3. Every language adopts the same system of classifying its experience.______4. It widely agreed that there are three stages in the procedure of translation: analysis, transfer, and restructuring.______5. A word may have several meanings, but its linguistic context will help to point out the exact meaning of that word.______6. Semotactic marking, one aspect of linguistic context, refers to the situation when the meaning of a word in a sentence is specified by the grammatical construction of that sentence.______7. In translating from English to Chinese, one must repeat key words including nouns, verbs, and pronouns.______8. In the process of transfer, the conceptual content of the message has the highest priority. Therefore, there is no need to keep the original form of the source-language text.______9. The situational factors relate to the occasion and circumstances of the speech event and to the relationships between speakers.______10. Nida believes that in testing the translation, one must focus attention not upon the extent of verbal correspondence but upon the amount of dynamic equivalence.Section II Phrase Translation[25 points]Part 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points)Choose a better version of Chinese translation for each of the following phrases. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.11. the journey across AfricaA. 遍及非洲的旅行B. 穿越非洲的旅行12. be behind scheduleA. 落后于计划B. 在计划后面13. play the fluteA. 玩笛子B. 吹笛子14. black teaA. 红茶B. 黑茶15. like a cat on hot bricksA. 烫砖上的猫B. 热锅上的蚂蚁16. a concept inconceivable beforeA. 一个以前无法想象的概念B. 一个概念，在以前无法想象17. Dutch treatA. 打平伙B. 荷兰式的招待18. political campaignA. 政治运动B. 竞选活动19. mountain lionA. 山狮B. 美洲豹20. an instrument designed to extend the range of people's sensesA. 一个用来拓展人们感觉范围的工具B. 一个工具，用来拓展人们的感觉范围Part 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points)Translate the following phrases and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. a hard question ____________________22. hard water ____________________23. the last ten-day period of a month ____________________24. a good Christian ____________________25. a well-managed company ____________________26. particles moving around their atomic nucleus ____________________27. generations of painstaking observation ____________________28. an unlikely coalition of university professors ____________________29. a computer genius ____________________30. as much with courtesy as with force ____________________Section III Sentence Translation [30 points]Questions 31-40: Translate the following sentences using the translation skills and techniques you have learned from this course. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.31. Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality.____________________________________________________________32. Modern skyscrapers began to appear in the city, taking away much of its ancient charm and mystery, which was considered as a great pity by many people.____________________________________________________________33. The news had already spread along the streets and lanes.____________________________________________________________34. The examination left no doubt that the victim had not died of a heart attack but had been killed.____________________________________________________________35. There was no use arguing. The die was cast.____________________________________________________________36. Twentieth century history shows the impressive adaptive capacity of international relations based on multinational principles and norms.____________________________________________________________37. We are very grateful to you for your effort to come all the way from China to present his document to us.____________________________________________________________38. The problem of refugees should be dealt with in an integrated manner.____________________________________________________________39. It is exciting to visit your great country.____________________________________________________________40. No one was more willing to do a favor for friend or neighbour than he.____________________________________________________________Section IV Passage Translation[35 points]Part 1. Question 41. (15 points)The following passage is about problems with Darwinian Theory. Please translate it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. You may refer to the new words and expressions provided in the box below.If Darwinian Theory works so well, why challenge it? There are several reasons to do so. Although Darwinian Theory explains many of the facts of evolution better than any other theory, it does not necessarily explain the whole process. Also, some of the results of evolution do not match what Darwinian Theory would predict.For example, if evolution leads to a perfect adaptation through natural selection acting on random hereditary changes, the process ought to slow down as it gets closer to the optimum for each species because fewer favorable changes can be made. Indeed, someorganisms-cockroaches and sponges, for example, are so well adapted that they have changed very little in many millions of years.Their evolutionary rate does seem to have slowed down. We should also see decrease in the number of species as they compete with one another and unsuccessful species are eliminated. But we see no such slowing down, and the number of species appears to be at least as great now as in the geologic past and perhaps even greater.Part 2. Question 42. (20 points)The following passage is an excerpt from a book talking about the special joys of slow reading. Please translate it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.I discovered the worth of super-slow reading years ago. Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar. I had started with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting fromsuper-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again-perhaps changing down into an even lower gear-and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.参考答案与评分标准（样题）Section I Understanding of Theories[10 points] Questions 1-10. (10 points, 1 point each)1.T2.T3. F4.T5.T6. F7. F8. F9.T 10.T Section II Phrase Translation[25 points] Part 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points, 1 point each)11. B 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. APart 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points, 1.5 points each.)Marking guide:评分标准（共15分，每个1.5分）：1．译文应准确、完整。
高级笔译练习四及答案
1.哈佛建校３６０年来，培养出许多杰出的政治家、科学家、文学家和企业家，曾出过六位美国总统，三十多位诺贝尔奖获得者。
先有哈佛，后有美利坚合众国，这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。
Since its founding some 360 years ago, Harvard has nurtured a great number of outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers and businessmen, including six of the American Presidents and over thirty Nobel Prize winners. The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.2.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。
中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。
哈佛为增进中美两国人民的相互了解作出了有益的贡献。
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university. Harvard has thus made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.3.要了解中国，可以有很多视角。
MTI高级翻译课程练习(政治文体汉译英)
MTI高级翻译课程练习（政治文体汉译英）（朱健平设计）练习1（汉译英）：(1)思想战线上的战士，都应当是人类灵魂工程师。
(2)在当前这个转变时期，在社会主义精神文明建设【1】和整个社会主义建设事业中【2】，他们在思想教育方面的责任尤其重大【3】。
(3)十年内乱的消极后果和历史遗留的种种因素，新形势下出现的新的复杂问题，在人们的思想上引起各种反映，包括一部分模糊和错误的认识。
(4)作为灵魂工程师，应当高举马克思主义的、社会主义的旗帜，用自己的文章、作品、教学、讲演、表演，教育和引导人民正确地对待历史，认识现实，坚信社会主义和党的领导，鼓舞人民奋发努力，积极向上，真正做到有理想、有道德、有文化、守纪律，为伟大壮丽的社会主义现代化建设事业而英勇奋斗【4】【5】。
(5)大多数人【6】正是在不同程度上这样做的。
(6)但是，一些人却同时代和人民对他们的要求背道而驰，用他们的不健康思想、不健康作品、不健康表演【7】，来污染人们的灵魂【8】【9】。
(7)精神污染【10】的实质是散布形形色色的资产阶级和其他剥削阶级腐朽没落的思想，散布对于社会主义、共产主义事业和对于共产党领导的不信任情绪【11】。
(8)前年党中央召开了思想战线问题的座谈会，批评了某些资产阶级自由化倾向和领导上的软弱涣散现象【13】，那个会收到了一些效果，但没有完全解决问题【12】【14】。
(9)领导上的软弱涣散状态仍然存在；资产阶级自由化倾向有的有所克服，有的没有克服，有的发展得更严重了【15】【16】。
All the soldiers fighting on the ideological front should be engineers of the soul. They have heavy responsibility of educating people not only in the present of change, not only in building a socialist society of advanced culture and ethics, but in the whole process of the effort to build our country as well.附：难点提示本文选自1983年邓小平题为《党在组织战线和思想战线上的迫切任务》的讲话。
第四周笔译讲义与作业
Week 4Objective:Translation practice on the topic of tourismStepⅠReview 15’Assignment1. 早在20世纪80年代，邓小平同志就提出了“科学技术是第一生产力”的著名论断。
As early as 1980s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that “science and technology are the primary productive forces”.As early as 1980s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the famous theory of "science and technology are primary productive forces".省略汉语范畴词，e.g.1）当今世界，任何国家都难以在封闭的状态下得到发展。
2）没有和平，没有稳定的政治局面，就谈不上经济的发展。
3）新中国成立后，中国政府一直致力于发展生产、消除贫困的工作。
4）大力发展教育和科技事业1）In today’s world, a country can hardly develop in isolation.2) Without peace or political stability, there would be no economic progress.3) Since the founding of New China, Chinese government has spared no effort to develop production and eliminate poverty.4) Vigorously develop education, science and technology.2.中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，提高全社会创新意识和国家创新能力，这是中国实现跨世纪可持续发展的必由之路。
高级翻译资格考试笔译模拟真题及答案
高级翻译资格考试笔译模拟真题及答案第一题：1. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.然而，在冈比亚最大的城市塞莱昆达他所居住的地方，人们到处都在谈论着“欧洲赚钱容易”这个话题。
点评：该句的重点在于词性的转换译法：关键词---talk如果将该词译成汉语的名词，一是听起来很蹩脚，不符合汉英行文的习惯，二是不符合英译汉技法的要求。
这一点在我们讲授英译汉部分时曾经重点谈到一个例句：The woman’s extramarital affairs with her boss soon became talk of the town.这个女人与其老板的关系很快传遍全城。
或，大街小巷都在谈论着这个女人与其老板的风流韵事。
2. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.他们中的大多数都有着与杰罗先生相似的经历。
点评：该句中定语从句的动词“echo”是关键词。
原意为“回声”“回响”，但在本句中要在上下文的语义基础上引申为“与。
相似”的含义。
我们在授课过程中曾讲过，英语国家的写作思路是：首尾呼应法，即：The first paragraph echoes the last paragraph.3. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Anda lusia, which tries to advocate for the men.“那里要什么有什么,”安达卢西亚农场工人工会的领袖迭戈·卡纳梅洛说,该组织努力在为这些人争取生活的权利，点评：该句中的“advocate”原意为“拥护”“倡议”，但在此句中应该根据前文正确理解为“为。