高中英语非谓语动词(共32张PPT)
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高中英语语法专题：非谓语动词(42张PPT)
非谓语动词 G. 不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用 ★ He didn’t know what to say.(宾语) ★ How to solve the problem is important．(主语) ★ My question is when to start. (表语) 【注意】在与why或 why not开头的疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. Why not have a rest?
非谓语动词 F. 作宾语补足语
★ He asked me to do the work with him.
【注意 】：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe， see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是当句子变成被动结构时，就必须带 to。 ★ I often hear him sing the song． ★ He is often heard to sing the song．
非谓语动词
(三) 不定式的语态
★ Do you have any clothes to wash? (主动：you 是wash 动作的发出者) ★ Do you have any clothes to be washed today? (被动： you 不是wash 动作的发出者)
非谓语动词
(四) 不定式易考结构归纳
非谓语动词
(二) 不定式的时态
一般式 / 进行式/ 完成式 ★ He is said to be our teacher. = It is said that he is our teacher. ★ 20 people are reported to have been killed in the accident. = It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident. （不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） ★ He happened to be working at that time. = It happened that he was working. （不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生）
高中英语——非谓语动词课件(共34张PPT)
定 式 与
It is not likely that she has got our letter.
从
= She is not likely to have got our letter.
句
advise allow permit forbid
sb. to do sth.
advise allow permit forbid
1 不定式作定语宾语和状语的特点 2 动名词的特点 3 动名词和不定式作宾语的区别 4 分词与不定式作定语的区别 5 现在分词和过去分词作表语定语的区别 6 过去分词现在分词作补语的区别 7 非谓语动词的时态语态 8 非谓语动词与从句的关系 9 非谓语动词的逻辑主语独立式否定式
非
特共 点点
句中的作用
2. There is something t(ofodrosomebody) to do. There is a letter to write. There is no time to lose. There is something to pay attention to. Will you attend the lecture to be given next week?
（状语）
不定式与所修饰名词有逻辑上的动宾关系
1. n. / pron. + Mary has 逻辑主
to Vt. to Vi + prop. three babies to look after. 逻辑宾
Please buy me some newspapers to read. 逻辑主 逻辑宾
He always has a lot of meetings to attend. Please pass me some paper to write on.
非谓语动词(共110张PPT)
02 非谓语动词的时态和语态
主动语态
主动语态表示非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，即非谓语动词的动作是由逻 辑主语发起的。
在主动语态中，非谓语动词可以根据需要选择不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
不定式可以表示将来的动作，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的 动作。
被动语态
被动语态表示非谓语动词与逻辑 主语之间为被动关系，即非谓语 动词的动作不是由逻辑主语发起
语态错误
总结词
语态错误是指非谓语动词在使用中没 有正确地表达出被动关系。
详细描述
非谓语动词有主动语态和被动语态两 种形式，需要根据语境选择正确的语 态。如果句子中的主语是动作的承受 者，应该使用被动语态的非谓语动词 形式。
用法错误
总结词
用法错误是指非谓语动词在使用中没有遵循正确的语法规则和习惯用法。
的。
在被动语态中，非谓语动词同样 可以根据需要选择不定式、现在
分词和过去分词形式。
不定式被动语态可以表示将来的 动作，现在分词被动语态表示正 在进行的动作，过去分词被动语
态表示完成的动作。
时态
01
02
非谓语动词的时态主要 通过其形式变化来表示 动作发生的时间和状态。
不定式可以根据时态变 化而变化，如一般式、 完成式、进行式等。
04 非谓语动词的特殊用法
独立主格结构
定义
独立主格结构是一种特殊的句式， 其中非谓语动词与主句的主语没 有逻辑上的主谓关系，而是独立 存在。
用法
通常用于描述完成、进行或将来发 生的动作，表达时间、条件、原因 等逻辑关系。
示例
The work finished, we went home.（工作完成后，我们回家 了。）
高中英语非谓语动词课件(共24张PPT)
The top of the mountain is covered by snow.
否定式：一律在其前面加否定词not, never构成
虚拟语气主从句时态搭配
时态
从句
主句
对过去事实 对现在事实
Had+过去分词
Should/could/might/ would+have+过去分 词
Were(Be的过去式)/动 Should/could/might/
词过去式
would+动词原形
对将来事实
The news is encouraging.
The result is a little disappointing.
The explanation sounds very convincing.
She is much encouraged.
She looked much disappointed.
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
Having done
Having been
性质：具有动词性质，它有时态d与on语e 态变化；可又自
己的宾语或状语，并构成动名词短语。具有名词性质，
它在句子中起着名词的作业，可单独或引起短语用作 主语、表语、宾语（或介词的宾语）等。
Entertaining audiences is the purpose of movies.
动词分词
1. 分词是动词的另一种非限定形式：现在分词是由 动词原形加词尾-ing构成，过去分词一般是由动词 原形加词尾-ed构成分词可用在谓语中帮助构成进 行时态或被动语态；另外，分词主要起着形容词和 副词的作用，在句子中可用作定语、表语或状语， 有时也可以在复合结构（如复合宾语）中。
否定式：一律在其前面加否定词not, never构成
虚拟语气主从句时态搭配
时态
从句
主句
对过去事实 对现在事实
Had+过去分词
Should/could/might/ would+have+过去分 词
Were(Be的过去式)/动 Should/could/might/
词过去式
would+动词原形
对将来事实
The news is encouraging.
The result is a little disappointing.
The explanation sounds very convincing.
She is much encouraged.
She looked much disappointed.
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
Doing
Being done
完成式
Having done
Having been
性质：具有动词性质，它有时态d与on语e 态变化；可又自
己的宾语或状语，并构成动名词短语。具有名词性质，
它在句子中起着名词的作业，可单独或引起短语用作 主语、表语、宾语（或介词的宾语）等。
Entertaining audiences is the purpose of movies.
动词分词
1. 分词是动词的另一种非限定形式：现在分词是由 动词原形加词尾-ing构成，过去分词一般是由动词 原形加词尾-ed构成分词可用在谓语中帮助构成进 行时态或被动语态；另外，分词主要起着形容词和 副词的作用，在句子中可用作定语、表语或状语， 有时也可以在复合结构（如复合宾语）中。
高中英语非谓语动词讲解(共61张PPT)
注意： 不定式作定语若是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式是不及
物动词的话，后应跟着一个相应的介词，但如果被修饰的是 place、time、way 就除外。 如：We must rent a house to live in.
That is a very good place to live.
在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！
1、“一感二听三让四看见”，要用省to的不定 式作宾补,但变为被动句时，要加上to, 如
e.g. 1）We hear him sing in the next room. He is heard to sing in the next room.
（feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice , look at, have , make, let）
What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样?
此tto doing sth.（盼望） pay attention to doing sth.（注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth （宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 ） devote to doing sth （致力于）
牛刀小试
1. My mother often asks me __D___ some cleaning on Sundays
区分下列词组:
see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth.
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel
物动词的话，后应跟着一个相应的介词，但如果被修饰的是 place、time、way 就除外。 如：We must rent a house to live in.
That is a very good place to live.
在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！
1、“一感二听三让四看见”，要用省to的不定 式作宾补,但变为被动句时，要加上to, 如
e.g. 1）We hear him sing in the next room. He is heard to sing in the next room.
（feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice , look at, have , make, let）
What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样?
此tto doing sth.（盼望） pay attention to doing sth.（注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth （宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 ） devote to doing sth （致力于）
牛刀小试
1. My mother often asks me __D___ some cleaning on Sundays
区分下列词组:
see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth.
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel
高考英语非谓语动词(共47张PPT)
不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： （1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend. Please lend me something to write with. He is looking for a room to live. He is looking for a room to live in. He has no money and no place to live ( in ) . I think the best way to travel (by) is on foot. There is no time to think (about) . （2）主谓关系： She is always the last (person) to speak at the meeting . --I’m going to the post office, for I have a letter to post. (逻辑主语是 I ) --Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now. (逻辑主语不是 I )
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定 式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作 是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
2. 不定式的句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，具体用法如下：
A. 作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作 是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。
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除了but,except,besides 之外个别介词可以用“连接代词 （副词）+动词不定式”作为宾语。 the boy has his own idea of how to finish it.
为了避免重复，作为宾语的不定式第二次出现的时候往 往省略只留下不定式符号。
动词： want wish hope hate plan try love you can try that again if you want to.
不定式做形容词的用法 (3)作定语（位于他所修饰的词的后面，并 且放在其他后置定语的后面）
动宾关系：
He always has a lot of meetings to attend. To attend 的逻辑宾语the meeting To attend 是定语 不定式做定语的时候，他所修饰的名词和不定式构成动宾 关系或者主谓关系. 1. 名词或者代词+不定式（to+不及物动词+介词） 如果做定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要在这个不及物 动词后面加上介词，是被修饰的词成为这个介词的逻辑宾 语
他可以带有自己的主语(为了和句子的真正主语区分开来， ： 我们称它为不定式的逻辑主语）
For him to draw such a picture is not easy.(主 语）for him 是不定式的逻辑主语，句子的真正主语是整个不定式短语。
不定式做名词的用法：
动词 不定式是指在动词原形前面带有不定式符号’to”的形式，与介
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动名词
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×
×
现在分词
×
×
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过去分词
×
×
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• 动词不定式的特点： 他可以有自己的宾语：
He likes to play ping-pang ball. (做宾语） His job is to clean all the windows.(做表语） 他可以有状语来修饰：
The guard ordered me to show him my passport immediately.(宾语补足语）
在动词tell,advise,show,teach,discuss,learn,decide后面常常跟一 个连接代词或者副词的不定式做宾语。 He taught us how to use the tool. When I heard the words I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
It is clever of cindy to leave that country.
(2)作宾语 I want to know her name. You must learn to look after yourself. I have no choice but to wait. We found it difficult to work with him.
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。或者放在句 首加强语气。 To serve the people well I study hard. I prepared hard to teach you well.
(6) 作表语 （一般紧跟在系动词后面 be, remain,appear,get)
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：like, demand, want, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, intend, prefer, promise, forget, decide, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, wish, start, afford, hate等
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song·
To be 结构 动词 think , find, believe, know, understand, take 后面，不 定式宾语常用to be 结构 I consider him to be an honest man.
不定式修饰something, anything, nothing 修饰上面三个词的形容词或者不定式短语都放在词 的后面
Something, anything, nothing + 形容词+动词不定式 Do you have anything to read? 不定式做定语的时候用主动语态表示被动的关系： 1. There be 句型 There is a letter to write. There is a letter to be written. 不用 There is nothing to lose. 注意： 如果句子的逻辑主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，就需要用被动 语态
注意3：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，
如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这 些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go．
注意1: 不定式有时和连接代词（副）词一起构成宾语
• He discovered how to open the safe. • He taught me how to swim. • I don’t know what to say.
注意2：it作形式宾语。 Subject+ 及物动词+ it +宾语补足语 + to+V. I find/feel/think it interesting to work with him． I don’t think it possible to master a forergn language without much memory work.
Im going to the post office, do you have sth to post? Thanks, but I have nothing to be post now.(不是说话人去寄送）
• 当不定式修饰want, have 等动词的宾语，而句子的主语是 不定式的逻辑主语的时候，用主动语态表示被动含义。
I consider him honesty.
Be +to do ; be about to do
Our teacher is about to leave next month.
(5)作状语 表示目的、原因、结果。
I came here to see you．(目的) We were very excited to hear the news．(原因表示感情的形容词后面) He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
在下列助动词之后 have to ought to need I didn’t want to bother you, but I had to as I forgot the
address.
在be able to, used to 和be going to 后 Mr li planed to come but he wasn’t able to.
It is a pleasure to do sth.
It takes sb some time to do sth.
【注意】 同一句型中不同介词的不同含义
It is + adj + for sb to do sth 表示客观的情况
It is important for cindy to express her opinions. It is + adj + of sb to do sth 表示主观的感情
能用于此用法的动词有：ask, get, expect, wish, want, help, permit, beg, encourage, order, prefer, advise, like, call on, depend on, ask for, wait for等
注意1：在feel，hear，listen to，look at, notice，observe， see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定 式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须 带to。
词区分开我们叫它小品词，它只是一个符号没有词性，有时候动词
(1)作主语
不定式也可以不带to.
(不定式做主语时候谓语动词用单数）
To see is to believe． 百闻不如一见，眼见为实。
不定式短语带有自己的宾语，状语，或者逻辑主语较长时 用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在谓语之后。
It is right to give up smoking.
He has no money and no place to live.
I think the best way to travel is on foot. 主谓关系：不定式修饰的名词、代词是他得逻辑主语
the factory to produce electricity will be set up next year.
非谓语动词
• 非谓语动词是指那些不能作谓语的动词。
不定式的六种形式
时态 语态
主动语态
一般式
To+动词原形
完成时
为了避免重复，作为宾语的不定式第二次出现的时候往 往省略只留下不定式符号。
动词： want wish hope hate plan try love you can try that again if you want to.
不定式做形容词的用法 (3)作定语（位于他所修饰的词的后面，并 且放在其他后置定语的后面）
动宾关系：
He always has a lot of meetings to attend. To attend 的逻辑宾语the meeting To attend 是定语 不定式做定语的时候，他所修饰的名词和不定式构成动宾 关系或者主谓关系. 1. 名词或者代词+不定式（to+不及物动词+介词） 如果做定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要在这个不及物 动词后面加上介词，是被修饰的词成为这个介词的逻辑宾 语
他可以带有自己的主语(为了和句子的真正主语区分开来， ： 我们称它为不定式的逻辑主语）
For him to draw such a picture is not easy.(主 语）for him 是不定式的逻辑主语，句子的真正主语是整个不定式短语。
不定式做名词的用法：
动词 不定式是指在动词原形前面带有不定式符号’to”的形式，与介
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
×
×
现在分词
×
×
√
√
√
√
过去分词
×
×
√
√
√
√
• 动词不定式的特点： 他可以有自己的宾语：
He likes to play ping-pang ball. (做宾语） His job is to clean all the windows.(做表语） 他可以有状语来修饰：
The guard ordered me to show him my passport immediately.(宾语补足语）
在动词tell,advise,show,teach,discuss,learn,decide后面常常跟一 个连接代词或者副词的不定式做宾语。 He taught us how to use the tool. When I heard the words I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
It is clever of cindy to leave that country.
(2)作宾语 I want to know her name. You must learn to look after yourself. I have no choice but to wait. We found it difficult to work with him.
目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示。或者放在句 首加强语气。 To serve the people well I study hard. I prepared hard to teach you well.
(6) 作表语 （一般紧跟在系动词后面 be, remain,appear,get)
能接不定式作宾语的常见动词有：like, demand, want, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, intend, prefer, promise, forget, decide, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, wish, start, afford, hate等
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song·
To be 结构 动词 think , find, believe, know, understand, take 后面，不 定式宾语常用to be 结构 I consider him to be an honest man.
不定式修饰something, anything, nothing 修饰上面三个词的形容词或者不定式短语都放在词 的后面
Something, anything, nothing + 形容词+动词不定式 Do you have anything to read? 不定式做定语的时候用主动语态表示被动的关系： 1. There be 句型 There is a letter to write. There is a letter to be written. 不用 There is nothing to lose. 注意： 如果句子的逻辑主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，就需要用被动 语态
注意3：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，
如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这 些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go．
注意1: 不定式有时和连接代词（副）词一起构成宾语
• He discovered how to open the safe. • He taught me how to swim. • I don’t know what to say.
注意2：it作形式宾语。 Subject+ 及物动词+ it +宾语补足语 + to+V. I find/feel/think it interesting to work with him． I don’t think it possible to master a forergn language without much memory work.
Im going to the post office, do you have sth to post? Thanks, but I have nothing to be post now.(不是说话人去寄送）
• 当不定式修饰want, have 等动词的宾语，而句子的主语是 不定式的逻辑主语的时候，用主动语态表示被动含义。
I consider him honesty.
Be +to do ; be about to do
Our teacher is about to leave next month.
(5)作状语 表示目的、原因、结果。
I came here to see you．(目的) We were very excited to hear the news．(原因表示感情的形容词后面) He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果)
在下列助动词之后 have to ought to need I didn’t want to bother you, but I had to as I forgot the
address.
在be able to, used to 和be going to 后 Mr li planed to come but he wasn’t able to.
It is a pleasure to do sth.
It takes sb some time to do sth.
【注意】 同一句型中不同介词的不同含义
It is + adj + for sb to do sth 表示客观的情况
It is important for cindy to express her opinions. It is + adj + of sb to do sth 表示主观的感情
能用于此用法的动词有：ask, get, expect, wish, want, help, permit, beg, encourage, order, prefer, advise, like, call on, depend on, ask for, wait for等
注意1：在feel，hear，listen to，look at, notice，observe， see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定 式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须 带to。
词区分开我们叫它小品词，它只是一个符号没有词性，有时候动词
(1)作主语
不定式也可以不带to.
(不定式做主语时候谓语动词用单数）
To see is to believe． 百闻不如一见，眼见为实。
不定式短语带有自己的宾语，状语，或者逻辑主语较长时 用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在谓语之后。
It is right to give up smoking.
He has no money and no place to live.
I think the best way to travel is on foot. 主谓关系：不定式修饰的名词、代词是他得逻辑主语
the factory to produce electricity will be set up next year.
非谓语动词
• 非谓语动词是指那些不能作谓语的动词。
不定式的六种形式
时态 语态
主动语态
一般式
To+动词原形
完成时