高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第三讲 词义猜测题

Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in PaAragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programs B．provided fewer channels C．changed to commercials D．showed allnight movies 【解析】 词义猜测题。结合画线部分所在的句子“The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.”尤其是画线短语前面的I would keep it on说明作 者非常喜欢看电视，一 直看到电视台停止播放节目为止，故A项“结束所有的节 目”与短语sign off “结束广播/电视节目”意义相近，为 正确答案。
单词或短语意思猜测题
该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一 个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部 分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依 靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语 的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被 哪个单词或短语代替等。常见的命题形式有：
seeD it easily.
The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means
________．
A．silently
B．gradually
C．regularly
D．completely
【解析】 词义猜测题。本题属于猜测熟词的新义。由本段 可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进 行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们 对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完 全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。
The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”． Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”． What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?
bouncing it away from its original pBaidu Nhomakorabeath.Others
absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both
scattering and absorption make an object look
different from other objects around it，so you can
名师点津 对于此类题目我们可以借助下面这些方法来答题：(1)“拆 猜”并用来解决问题：阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词 派生或合成的新词。此时可以用“拆猜”的方式，先把该词 的各种词缀或前后两个合成部分拆开，再结合我们掌握的构 词法知识，根据中心词的含义和词缀的含义猜测其意思。(2) 根据定义或解释猜词：如果生词后有一个句子(定语从句或同 位语从句)或段落来对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号 后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解 这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。(3)根据同义词和反义词猜 词：在单词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义
专题一 阅读理解
第三讲 词义猜测题
专题一 阅读理解
[命题分析] 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜 测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一 个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新 义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近三年新 课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。虽然 题量不大，考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复 杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。 在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字 面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知 的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing allnight movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
(2015·高考北京卷) The objects around
you are visible because they interact with
light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But
some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，