2019昆明理工大学874结晶学与矿物学A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

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2019年昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：612 考试科目名称：矿物岩石学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷

2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
一、名词解释（每题5分，共 30分）
1、结晶习性；
2、矿物共生；
3、光率体；
4、超镁铁岩；
5、斑状结构；
6、页岩
二、简答题
1、试举例说明矿物的光泽与矿物的颜色、条痕、透明度之间的相互关系？（10分）
2、简述晶体对称分类以及各晶系的晶体常数特点。

（10分）
3、简述叠层构造、缝合线构造、示底构造和鸟眼构造的特点。

（10分）
4、简述鲍文反应系列的内容及其意义。

（8分）
5、简述变质岩中变晶结构的划分及其特征。

（12分）
6、简述岩浆岩中SiO2与六种氧化物FeO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、Al2O3、CaO 之间的关系。

（10分）
三、论述题
1、从手标本上鉴定一种矿物时，需要观察和描述哪些内容？并举例说明。

（20分）
2、试述陆源碎屑岩的分类及其各类岩石的基本特征。

（15分）
3、对下列岩石进行合理分类，并从矿物成分、结构、构造三个方面阐述其岩石的主要特征。

（25分）
大理岩；辉长岩；鲕状灰岩；玄武岩；片岩；辉绿岩；片麻岩。

昆明理工大学_806矿物加工工程学2007--2017年_考研专业课真题

昆明理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：840考试科目名称：矿物加工工程学（综合）试题适用招生专业：矿物加工工程考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题昆明理工大学2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：806 考试科目名称：矿物加工工程学（综合）试题适用招生专业：矿物加工工程考生答题须知5．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

6．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

7．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

8．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2009年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：806考试科目名称：矿物加工工程学（综合）试题适用招生专业：矿物加工工程考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：805 考试科目名称：矿物加工工程学（综合）试题适用招生专业：081902矿物加工工程、430119矿业工程考生答题须知9．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

2019年昆明理工大学材料科学基础考研真题

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：864 考试科目名称：材料科学基础考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

2.画出钙钛矿中Ca离子被Ba离子取代前后反映Ti4＋配位晶胞的（200）晶面结构示意图，并分析取代后的结构特征及对物理性能的影响。

3.已知一混合位错ABCD如图所示，画出该混合位错在图中所示的拉应力及切应力下各段位错如何运动。

四、计算及综合题（任选3题作答，每题12分，共36分）1.已知200℃时铝在铜中的扩散系数为2.5×10-20cm2/s，其扩散活化能为165528J/mol，假设扩散活化能不随温度发生变化，求500℃时扩散系数？并比较200℃和500℃时的扩散系数，分析温度对扩散系数的影响。

2. 根据下图，说明成核生长速率I及晶体生长速率U出现极大值的原因，并分析在什么条件下倾向于形成晶体、玻璃。

3. 根据Fe-Fe3C相图，解答下列问题：（1）分析C含量分别为0.2%、0.77%、1.2%时的室温组织；（2）假使要得到50%的珠光体，计算此时的合金成分，并写出凝固过程。

（3）分析随C含量的增加，渗碳体的量如何变化，合金力学性能如何变化。

4. 根据相图回答下列问题：（1）在图中标明各条界线的温降方向；（2）画出副三角形；（3）判断熔体2、3、4的最终析晶产物；（4）写出熔体1的冷却结晶过程。

2019年云南昆明理工大学结晶学与矿物学考研真题A卷

2019年云南昆明理工大学结晶学与矿物学考研真题A卷一、选择题（每题2分，共26分；1-10题为单选题，11-13题为多选题）1、对于同一种晶体而言，一般说来大晶体的晶面数与小晶体的晶面数，哪个更多？（）A、大晶体的B、小晶体的C、一样多D、以上均错误2、关于布拉维法则说法不正确的是（）A、实际晶体的晶面往往平行于面网密度大的面网B、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面越重要C、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面生长越快D、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面生长越慢3、对称型L33L24P属于（）A、低级晶族B、高级晶族C、六方晶系D、三方晶系4、从三维空间看，空间格子中的最小重复单位是（）A、单位晶胞B、平行六面体C、晶格D、简单格子5、类质同象中，决定对角线法则的最主要因素是（）A、离子类型和键型B、原子或离子半径C、温度D、压力6、珍珠光泽常常出现在下面哪些部位（）A、解理面上B、断口上C、裂开面上D、晶面上7、电气石晶体属于3m点群，是热电类晶体，其热电性是由下列对称特点所决定的（）A、不具有对称中心B、有一个对称轴C、具有单向极轴L3D、具有3个对称面8、金刚石属于（）晶格的矿物A、离子晶格B、原子晶格C、分子晶格D、金属晶格9、三斜晶系中晶面（001）与Z轴之间（）A、平行B、垂直C、斜交D、不确定10、常与硫元素相结合形成硫化物的离子为（）A、惰性气体型B、铜型C、过渡型D、以上均可11、同一晶带的晶面的极射赤平投影点可能出现的位置有（）A、基圆上B、直径上C、大圆弧上D、小圆弧上12、关于有序-无序现象说法正确的有（）A、有序-无序是一种特殊的类质同象B、形成的温度越高晶体越有序C、形成的温度越高晶体越无序D、有序-无序是一种特殊的同质多象13、具有金刚光泽的矿物，它的透明度可以是（）A、透明B、不透明C、半透明D、以上均可二、填空题（每空1分，共40分）1、结晶学中，{hkl}是符号，（hkl）是符号，[hkl]是符号。

2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷

2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷Section I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.Uncertainty about the economy is ___________ as serious unemployment takes place.A.limitedB. anywhereC. decreasedD. widespread2.Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harris’s comments on some academic arguments can be rather _______at times.A.harshB. preciseC. pleasantD. satiate3.In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.A worthy ofB wordy ofC rememberedD recommenced4.Being late for an appointment is annoying.A.irrigatingB. intriguingC. irritatingD. intimidating5.The criminal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.A.interviewB. questionC. investigationD. interrogation6.Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and experience for themselves the ____ the lives of the rich and the poor.A.disparity ofB. difference betweenC. disparity betweenD. differenceof7.Ask anyone why there is an obesity ______ and they will tell you that it's all down to eatingtoo much and burning too few calories.A.popularityB. currencyC. presentD. epidemic8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki _________ one of the world’s great violin teachers.A. knows thatB. has been known asC. is well known ofD. has been known for9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____.A. with pronunciations givenB. that has pronunciations givenC. that have pronunciations givenD. that do have pronunciations given10. Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.A. the temperature fellB. that the temperature did fallC. the temperature fell downD. because the temperature fell11. With ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.A the advent ofB arriving atC is arrived inD advention of12. __________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.A. Little did he realizeB. A little he realizedC.He realized a littleD. He did realize little13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.A.have difficulty to followB. have difficult followingC. have difficulty followingD. have difficulty of following14.Many people at that time believed that spices _______ food; however, Hall found that many marketed spices were teeming with bacteria, moulds and yeasts.A.helped preserveB. help preserveC. helps preserveD. help to preserve15.General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced with ____.A.was as smart asB. was so wise thatC. was cleverer thanD. was never so cunning asSection II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneI recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations.The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige.Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire.Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest--- shopping.16.The author's approach to the topic can best be described asA.How people change their mind when paying a visitB.Tourists today are less historical-mindedC.A comparative look between the old and the modernD.Shopping is more significant than castle visits17.According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be reflected through _____.A.their landsB. their interestsC. the plains that could be overlookedD. the way they make their buildings18.Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _____.A.before the industrial revolutionB. when tourists want to shop in themC. as merchants and governors like them to beD. because they are imposing19.Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the passage?A.The castles and fortified houses.B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices.C. Building with glass and polished chrome.D. Town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildingsPassage TwoThe study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stabilityin the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventionsin the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable.Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no.Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.20.According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes are _____.A.the wishes of people around the worldB.study of biology is of primary importantC.of more demerits than meritsD. keeping the world stable21. The author implies that ______.A.human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of speciesB.human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerabilityof ecosystemC. agricultural practices influence interaction between speciesD. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem.22. It is true, according to the passage, that ____.A.if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorerB.traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than everC.if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, what’s the use of traveling?D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the same food and wear the same clothes23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean______.A.homo sapiensB. homosexualityC. samenessD. homelinessPassage ThreeSmith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics.Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify classical economic theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire （自由放任）or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions.Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand" guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.24.In the 1st paragraph, the author says that ____.A.ideas in “the Wealth of Nations”had never been known to ordinary readers before Smith proposed themB.it was not until the publication of Smith’s book did some of the ideas become popularC.these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into his writingD.Smith didn’t invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first to know about them.25.In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _____.A.three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with property rightB.two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with fixed residenceC.four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudalsociety and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property right26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?A.There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.ernment should give the least intervention into the market.C.Each person should work inadvertently on their own.D.A baker’s interest may bring us the meal that we expect.27.“Invisible hand” in this context refers to _____.A.demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its ownernment’s role could be self-reduced through minimizationC.benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seenD.ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and publishedPassage FourArtificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision.AI can be categorized as either weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention.Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings include Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services.Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the label augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.28.The machine that owns the processes to ______could be called AI.A.learn, correct itself and recognize speechB. to see, learn by itself and recognizeC. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its ownD. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____.A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak oneB. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong oneC. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediatelyD. could be found in Apple’s Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed because_____.A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensiveB. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is importantC. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford itD. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______.A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobsB. that AI will finally take their placeC. whether AI will use themD. if AI will improve products and servicesPassage FiveScientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as “a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.”The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition of a much smaller weight.32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social science or humanities studies, are____.A.different in essenceB. of great difference in scaleC. similar in phenomenaD. basically similar33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing something is that ____.A. the former operates more mentally than the latterB. the former does it more indefinitelyC. the latter does it with less principle than the formerD. the latter balances less than the former34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage?A. Scientific researches and experimentation.B. What is meant by method of scientific investigation?C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis?D. Differences of scientific investigation across disciplines.35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving definition of scientific method.B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist.C.The Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of scientific method includes systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, but not modification of hypothesis.D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.Section III Translation (25 points)Part One English-Chinese Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.36.In science, validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world. It has also been defined as an overall assessment of the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretation of the scores entailed by proposed uses of the instrument. To phrase it simply, validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of measures. These definitions prompt questions about the “real” meaning and interpretation of scores collected with health measurement instruments. The word “valid” is derived from the Latin “validus,” meaning strong. In that sense, the validity of a measurement instrument is the degree to which it measures what it claims to measure.Part Two Chinese - English Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.37.用另一种语言工作可能会又尴尬又有挑战性，但是它也会有非常多的积极面。

昆明理工大学864材料科学基础专业课考研真题(2019年)

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

一、名词解释（每个3分，共30分）配位数 P型半导体置换式固溶体孪生肖特基缺陷致密度重构型相变上坡扩散攀移相界二、简答题（共11题，任选9题作答，每个6分，共54分）1.简要分析体心立方及面心立方晶体结构的几何特征，并说明C原子在那种结构中的扩散系数大。

2.试比较分析固溶类型对力学性能的影响。

3.叙述有关离子化合物结构的Pauling规则，并用此规则分析金红石的晶体结构。

4. Q345钢经过五次轧制后总变形量接近三分之二，硬度和抗拉强度得到显著提升，解释原因；5.比较位错运动中攀移与滑移不同。

6.解释钢中添加一定量的B元素，为什么能够取到细化晶粒的作用。

7.从扩散的角度解释为什么表面纳米化后能够显著提升钢的渗碳速率。

8.从晶体结构的角度，分析石墨-金刚石相变和鳞石英变体之间的相变的特征。

9.请分析Cu-Ni合金凝固过程中的枝晶偏析如何产生，要通过什么方式消除。

10.试解释固相反应中为什么要加入矿化剂。

11.根据Al2O3－SiO2系统相图，解释少量Al2O3对降低硅砖耐火度的原因。

三、作图分析题（每题10分，共30分）1. 绘出面心立方晶胞中八面体间隙示意图,并标出八面体间隙的晶面指数。

假设为γ-Fe的晶胞，判断C原子能否稳定存在八面体间隙中（Fe原子半径：0.127nm；C原子半径：0.077nm）。

结晶学及矿物学试题及答案

考试课程名称：结晶学学时： 40学时考试方式：开卷、闭卷、笔试、口试、其它考试内容：一、填空题〔每空0.5分，共10分〕1.晶体的对称不仅表达在上，同时也表达在上。

2.中级晶族中，L2与高次轴的关系为。

3.下面的对称型国际符号对应晶系分别为：23为晶系，32为晶系，mm2为晶系，6mm为晶系。

4.金刚石晶体的空间群国际符号为Fd3m，其中F表示，d表示，根据其空间群符号可知金刚石属于晶系，其宏观对称型的全面符号为。

5.正长石通常发育双晶，斜长石发育双晶。

6.晶体中的化学键可以分为、、、和等五种。

7.最严密堆积原理适用于晶格和晶格的晶体。

二、选择题〔每题1分，共10分，前4题为单项选择〕1.对于同一种晶体而言，一般说来大晶体的晶面数与小晶体的晶面数，哪个更多？〔〕A、大晶体的B、小晶体的C、一样多D、以上均错误2. 类质同象中，决定对角线法则的最主要因素是：〔〕A、离子类型和键型B、原子或离子半径C、温度D、压力3. 具有Li 4和Li6的晶体的共同点是：〔〕A、有L2B、无PC、无CD、有垂直的P4.关于布拉维法则说法不正确的选项是：〔〕A、实际晶体的晶面往往平行于面网密度大的面网B、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面越重要C、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面生长越快D、面网密度越大，与之平行的晶面生长越慢5.可以与四面体相聚的单形有〔〕A、四面体B、立方体C、八面体D、四方柱E、斜方双锥6.黄铁矿晶体通常自发地生长成为立方体外形，这种现象说明晶体具有〔〕性质：A、自限性B、均一性C、异向性D、对称性7.下面说法中正确的有：〔〕A、准晶体具有近程规律B、非晶体具有远程规律C、准晶体具有远程规律D、非晶体具有近程规律8.*晶面在*、Y、Z轴上截距相等，该晶面可能的晶面符号有〔〕A、〔hhl〕B、〔hkl〕C、〔1011〕D、〔hh h2l〕9.同一晶带的晶面的极射赤平投影点可能出现的位置有〔〕A、基圆上B、直径上C、大圆弧上D、小圆弧上10.关于有序-无序现象说法正确的有〔〕A、有序-无序是一种特殊的类质同象B、形成的温度越高晶体越有序C、形成的温度越高晶体越无序D、有序-无序是一种特殊的同质多象三、名词解释〔5个，每个2分，共10分〕1.平行六面体2.晶体对称定律3.空间群4.双晶律5.多型四、问答题〔29分〕1.石盐〔NaCl〕晶体的空间群为Fm3m，请在石盐晶体构造平面示意图〔以下图a，b〕中分别以氯离子和钠离子为研究对象，画出各自的平面格子的最小重复单元。

昆明理工大学《874结晶学与矿物学》考研专业课真题试卷

一、填空题（每空 1 分，共 40 分）
1、晶体的基本性质有
、
、
、
、
和
。
2、结晶学中，{hkl}是
符号，（hkl）是
符号，[hkl]是
符号。
3、空间群国际符号 P42/mnm 中，P 表示
m 表示
、属于
晶系。
、42 表示
、n 表示
、
4、晶体中的晶格类型可以分为
、
、
和
等四种。
5、等大球最紧密堆积有
最紧密堆积、
6、黄铁矿晶体通常自发地生长成为立方体外形，这种现象说明晶体具有（）性质
A、自限性 B、均一性 C、异向性 D、对称性
7、下面说法中正确的有（）
A、准晶体具有近程规律
B、非晶体具有远程规律
C、准晶体具有远程规律
D、非晶体具有近程规律
8、某晶面在 X、Y、Z 轴上截距相等，该晶面可能的晶面符号有（）
昆明理工大学考研专业课真题试卷
874 结晶学与矿物学
2014 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2017 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2018 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2019 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2020 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷
中的水为
水，水镁石（Mg(OH)2）中的水为
水。
9、(Mg,Fe)2[SiO4]矿物属
大类、
Байду номын сангаас
分中 Mg，Fe 之间为
关系。
10、在风化蚀变条件下，黄铁矿易变成
类、
亚类，矿物名称为
，成
；辉石易变成

2018年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷

2018年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
一、名词解释（每题5分，共 30分）
1、矿物；
2、晶面指数；
3、多色性；
4、岩浆；
5、层理；
6、区域变质作用
二、简答题（每题 10分，共 60分）
1、简述矿物中水的赋存形式，并举实例说明。

2、相似矿物鉴定：（1）方铅矿，辉锑矿与辉钼矿；（2）石英，方解石与重晶石。

3、简述岩浆岩的形成深度与结构构造的关系。

4、简述沉积岩的形成阶段及特点。

5、简述变质作用发生的机制(方式)及特征。

6、野外如何鉴定沉积岩？以碎屑岩为例。

三、论述题（每题 20分，共 60分）
1、试述硅酸盐矿物硅氧骨干与形态物性的关系，并举例说明。

2、论述超基性、基性、中性和酸性侵入岩类(包括深成和浅成岩)的基本特征、代表性岩石类型和主要矿物组合特征。

3、试述花岗岩、长石石英砂岩和花岗片麻岩的异同？在野外如何区分？。

2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A卷

2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A 卷一、名词解释（45分，每小题5分）1、相2、状态函数3、反应热4、自发反应5、活化能6、物质的量浓度7、氧化还原反应8、元素周期律9、同分异构体二、填空题（30分，每空2分）1、对于反应：N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) == 2NH 3(g) △r H m Ө(298.15K) = — 92.2 kJ .mol -1 若升高温度(例如升高100K),则下列各项将如何变化(填写:不变,基本不变,增大或减小。

)△r H m Ө ，△r S m Ө ，△r G m Ө ， K Ө 。

2、用铂作阳极，铜作阴极电解CuSO 4溶液时，则阳极反应为，阴极反应为__________________________。

3、某放热反应的∑vB(g) > 0，则升高温度( p 不变)时，化学平衡的移动方向为；在增大压力( T 不变)时平衡移动方向。

4、判断过程：C 6H 6(l) = C 6H 6(g) 的焓变∆H_______，熵变∆S_______；(填>0、<0或=0)。

5、熵是体系的量度，熵的单位是。

6、酸碱质子理论认为：是酸，是碱，H 2S 是酸，其共轭碱是。

三、计算题（75分）1、试计算石灰石(CaCO 3)热分解反应的△θH (298.15K)和△θS (298.15K) ，并初步分析该反应的自发性。

已知△f θH (CaCO 3，298.15K)＝-1206.92kJ ·mol -1，△f θH (CaO ，298.15K)＝-635.09kJ ·mol -1，△f θH (CO 2，298.15K)＝-393.509kJ ·mol -1，△f θS (CaCO 3，298.15K)＝92.9J ·mol -1·K -1，△f θS (CaO ，298.15K)＝39.75 J ·mol -1·K -1，△f θS (CO 2，298.15K)＝213.74 J ·mol -1·K -1。

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题A卷

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：813 考试科目名称：运筹学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题。

2019年昆明理工大学分析化学考研真题

考试科目代码：620 考试科目名称：分析化学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

考试科目代码：620 考试科目名称：分析化学
考生答题须知
5．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

6．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

7．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

8．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

2019昆明理工大学849有机化学试题A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

OH
OMe
OMe
OH
A、
B、
C、
D、
HO
OH
OH
OH
OMe
3、下列构象最稳定的是（）
H OH A、
CH3 H
OH
CH3
H
B、
H
H
HH
H
H CH3 C、
H H
H
HH
CH3 OH
D、
OH HH
4、下列碳正离子稳定性大小次序排列正确的是（）
+
A、
B、
+ C、
+
+
CH2 D、
A、A＞B＞C＞D B、A＞C＞D＞B C、C＞A＞D＞B D、B＞C＞D＞A
NH2
A、a＞b＞c＞d B、b＞c＞d＞a C、d＞c＞b＞a D、c＞b＞a＞d
第 2 页共 4页
昆明理工大学 2019 年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
7、下列各组卤烃发生 SN1 反应速度由大到小的顺序是（） a) CH3CH=CHCH2Cl; b) CH3CHClCH3; c) CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl; d) CH3CH2CH=CHCl A、a＞ b＞c＞d B、a＞b＞d＞c C、c＞d＞a＞b D、d＞a＞b＞c
8、下列各化合物最易溶于浓硫酸的是（）
A、
B、
C、
D、
9、下列化合物与 AgNO3 的醇溶液反应速度快慢顺序为（）
a)
Cl b)
I c)
Br d)
Br
A、b＞d＞a＞c B、b＞d＞c＞a C、c＞a＞b＞d
D、a＞d＞b＞c
10、下列化合物与金属钠反应的活性顺序为（）

2019昆明理工大学843高等代数研究生入学考试试题A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

第 1 页共 2 页昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A 卷)考试科目代码：843考试科目名称：高等代数考生答题须知 1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

一、填空题（每小题3分，共30分）1. 当= 时，与有公共根。

2. 设是阶方阵，且，则。

3. 已知向量组线性无关，则线性。

4. 已知方阵满足，则。

5. 当满足时，二次型是负定的。

6. 已知数域上线性空间中线性无关的元素组为，现令，则子空间的维数是，它的一组基为。

7. 已知阶方阵的特征值为，则矩阵的特征值为，行列式。

8. 已知矩阵与矩阵相似，则，。

9. 设矩阵，则满足时，矩阵为度量矩阵。

λ2()f x x x λ=+2()4g x x x λ=++A n ||2A =1*14A A -⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭123,,ααα11232233123,,23βαααβααβααα=-+=+=-+A 3245A A A E O --+=1(2)A E --=k 2221231231213(,,)2(1)22f x x x x x k x kx x x x =--+---P V 1234,,,αααα112223334441,,,βααβααβααβαα=+=+=+=+112233441234{|,,,}W k k k k k k k k P ββββ=+++∈3A 1,1,2-322B A A =-||B =20022311A x -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭10002000B y -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭x =y =1210204t A t ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭t A。

昆明理工大学2019年《873建筑物理》考研专业课真题试卷

昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：873 考试科目名称：建筑物理
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

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