比较难的专业词汇的翻译
医学英语翻译技巧总结
医学英语翻译技巧总结医学英语作为一门专业性很强的语言,在翻译时需要译者具备扎实的语言功底、丰富的医学知识以及一定的翻译技巧。
以下是对医学英语翻译技巧的一些总结,希望能为从事医学英语翻译的朋友提供一些帮助。
一、词汇层面的翻译技巧(一)专业术语的准确翻译医学领域有大量的专业术语,这些术语往往具有特定的含义和固定的表达方式。
例如,“cardiovascular”(心血管的)、“neurology”(神经学)、“hematology”(血液学)等。
在翻译时,必须确保这些术语的准确无误,不能随意创造或使用不准确的词汇。
这就需要译者平时积累丰富的医学词汇,并且善于利用专业词典和在线资源进行查证。
(二)普通词汇的医学语境含义许多普通英语词汇在医学语境中具有特殊的含义。
比如,“cell”常见含义是“细胞”,但在医学中可能指“电池”;“delivery”常见意思是“交付”,在医学里常指“分娩”。
译者需要根据上下文准确判断词汇在医学语境中的具体含义,避免望文生义。
(三)词形变化与派生医学英语中存在大量的词形变化和派生词汇。
例如,“inflammation”(炎症)是由动词“inflamm”(使发炎)派生而来;“hypertension”(高血压)是由“hyper”(超过、过度)和“tension”(压力)组合而成。
译者要熟悉这些构词规律,以便准确理解和翻译生词。
(四)缩略词的翻译医学文献中经常出现各种缩略词,如“ECG”(心电图,Electrocardiogram)、“MRI”(磁共振成像,Magnetic Resonance Imaging)等。
译者需要熟悉常见的医学缩略词,并能够根据上下文准确还原其全称。
二、句子层面的翻译技巧(一)长难句的分析与翻译医学英语句子常常结构复杂,包含多个从句和修饰成分。
在翻译长难句时,首先要对句子进行结构分析,理清主、谓、宾等主要成分,以及各种从句和修饰语的关系。
然后,按照汉语的表达习惯,将句子进行合理的拆分和重组,使译文通顺易懂。
科技英语词汇的翻译
• 常见科技词汇后缀:
-ness -tion -ity -ism
表示性质、状态 表示动作、状态 表示性质、状态 表示主义、学说
oneness, thoughtfulness, carelessness examination, realization, decoration reality, purity, gravity, formality atomism, criticism, socialism
在这种情况下,可能会损伤火箭发动机机体。
• He walks when he might take a taxi.
虽然他可坐出租车,却还是步行。
• The volcano has not been active for thousands of years. It is inactive.
这座火山有几千年没有爆发了,它是座死
• 翻译误区:科技英语翻译的难点是专业术语的翻
译,有一些词汇看起来很简单,但是在科技文章 中则产生了其他的含义。
英语 pig cock coat hand tooth
常见意义 猪
公鸡 外衣
手 牙齿
专业术语含义 金属锭块 吊车 镀层
手柄、指针 粗糙面
词义的引申
• 1. 技术性引申 使译文中涉及科学技术概念的词语符合技 术语言规范。
• BBS:Bulletin Board System 电子公告牌系统 • DNA:deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 • UFO:Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 • VCD:Video Compact Disc 影音光盘(影碟) • AC:alternating current 交流电 • DC:direct current 直流电
考研英语翻译-学科专业及相关词汇
考验翻译学习资料:学科、专业名称中英文互译及相关词汇哲学Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economicss国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics计量经济学Quantitative Economics应用经济学Applied Economic财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance)统计学Statistics (注意也可能为“统计数据”)法学Law / Science of Law/ Legal Science法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science国际政治学International Politics政治制度Political Institution外交学Diplomacy (注意diplomatism 外交手段,外交手腕)国际关系学International Relations社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology教育学Education/ Education Science 教育学原理Educational Principle心理学Psychology 应用心理学Applied Psychology行为学behaviorism文学Literature 语言学Linguistics应用语言学Applied Linguistics新闻传播学Journalism and Communication电影学Film历史学History专门史History of Particular Subjects近现代史Modern and Contemporary History世界史World History考古学Archaeology博物馆学Museology数学Mathematics应用数学Applied Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics 理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics 等离子体物理学Plasma Physics 凝聚态物理学Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics化学Chemistry 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry天文学Astronomy 天体物理学Astrophysics 天体测量学Astrometry地球物理学Geophysics大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学Marine Sciences (另:oceanology 海洋资源开发研究,海洋地理研究) 地质学Geology构造地质学Structural Geology生物学Biology微生物学Microbiology植物学Botany 动物学Zoology生理学Physiology 遗传学Genetics生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science力学Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics 流体力学Fluid Mechanics理学Natural Science 工学Engineering机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering电气工程Electrical Engineering信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture城市规划与设计Urban Planning and Design水利工程Hydraulic Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering 兽医学Veterinary Medicine 临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry水土保持Soil and Water Conservation荒漠化防治Desertification Combating医学Medicine 基础医学Basic Medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine免疫学Immunology内科学Internal medicine外科学Surgery老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病学Psychiatry护理学Nursing康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine 急诊医学Emergency Medicine公共卫生Public Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene中医学Chinese Medicine 方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science管理学Management Science 工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting情报学Information Science通用前缀:比较-comparative应用-applied临床-clinic后-post相关:广义general 狭义restricted/ special辩证法/辩证法的,辩证的dialectic悖论paradox 谬论fallacy边缘学科/交叉学科interdisciplinary 跨学科cross-disciplinary实地研究/现场研究field study 理论研究theoretical study文献研究literary study/research评论criticism方法论methodology女权主义feminism现代主义modernism 后现代主义post-modernism现实主义realism 唯物主义materialism 唯心主义idealism (有时为理想主义)内涵connotation(文化内蕴)/ intension 外延denotation(字面意义)/extension归纳induction 演绎deductionhumanism 人本主义,人文主义humanitarianism 人道主义,博爱主义relativism 相对主义(注意不等于物理学中的“相对论”!) 这学名词A theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.相对主义:认为真理的概念及道德价值不是绝对的而是相对于持有它们的人或集团的理论relativity 相对论(物理学名词)Encyclopedia 百科全书Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期的)各种学位名称B.A. or BA 文学士(Bachelor of Arts)B.S. or BS 理学士(Bachelor of Science)M.A. or MA 文科硕士(Master of Arts)M.S. or MS 理科硕士(Master of Science)M.B.A. 工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration)Ph.D 哲学博士(Doctor of Philosophy)(注意并非所有的博士都是Ph. D)D.S. 理学博士(Doctor of Science)M. D. 医学博士(Doctor of Medicine)Eng.D 工学博士(Doctor of Engineering)。
商务英语专业难词
商务英语专业难词商务英语是一个广泛的领域,涵盖了许多行业和领域。
它是一种特殊的英语语言,很多专业术语和难词。
在商务英语的学习中,了解这些难词是非常重要的。
本文将介绍商务英语中常见的专业难词,以帮助您了解这方面的知识。
1. 会计学•Asset:资产•Liability:负债•Equity:股权•Revenue:收入•Expenses:支出•Balance sheet:资产负债表•Income statement:利润表•Cash flow statement:现金流量表•Auditing:审计•Taxation:税务2. 贸易•Import:进口•Export:出口•Trade balance:贸易平衡•Tariff:关税•Quota:配额•Embargo:禁运•Dumping:倾销•Import/export license:进出口许可证•Bill of lading:提单•Letter of credit:信用证3. 金融•Interest:利息•Principal:本金•Inflation:通货膨胀•Exchange rate:汇率•Stocks:股票•Bonds:债券•Options:期权•Futures:期货•Hedge fund:对冲基金•Mutual fund:共同基金4. 法律•Lawsuit:诉讼•Arbitration:仲裁•Negotiation:谈判•Contract:合同•Agreement:协议•Tort:侵权行为•Intellectual property:知识产权•Patent:专利•Trademark:商标5. 人力资源•Recruitment:招聘•Training:培训•Compensation:薪酬•Performance evaluation:绩效评估•Labor law:劳动法•Retirement plan:退休计划•Employee benefits:员工福利•Salary negotiation:薪资谈判•Union:工会6. 营销•Market research:市场调研•Advertising:广告•Public relations:公共关系•Product launch:产品发布•Brand identity:品牌形象•Customer loyalty:客户忠诚度•Sales promotion:销售促销•Marketing strategy:营销策略以上列举的是商务英语中常用的一些专业难词。
数学各种专业的英语词汇翻译
1. 有关数*算add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数,红利divisor 因子,除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程,等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5x +6=22)4.有关分数和小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator (最小)公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数,幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数,立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的,线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off 四舍五入主题:数学专业英语词汇6.有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数irrational (number)无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意:所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数,但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8.其它approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计,近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形,平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形cube 立方体,立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边,底数(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底数)opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的其它1.单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12个)score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度)square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天)common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie 打。
英语专业翻译词汇(因为专业所以专业)英语高翻专业人的菜(超级经典)
开始Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleashoutset, onset,Rudimentary, elementary,出现Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into sight/view, come forth发生Happen, occur, take place, come about,Happening occurrence产生,创造create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget,germinate;Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,建立Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish制造,组成Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate复制,繁殖58Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.发育,发展Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动) Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed(自我成长)Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;保持,延续Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retain Perpetuate,Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,存在,生存Exist, found, stand, lay in, be rooted in,be embedded in,Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,individual, creature, beings,Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal, survive,outlive,outlast, remain alive,Endure, undergo,从有到无结束,停止53stop,finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end,come to an end, end up, terminate,quench,quell,run out, expire, concludeadjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,Surcease, cessation,impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,Ultimate, final, eventual,Abeyance, suspend, interruption, brake, halt, pause,死亡,毁灭Perish, annihilate, kill, exterminate, take life, slay, hatchet, slaughter, assassinate, famish, smother, throttle, strangle, stifle, decimate,Die, pass away, perish, expire, run out,decease, death, demise, Defunct, moribund, dying,Fatal, formidable, deadly, fatality.取消,废除550Cancel, annul, call off, do away with,Abolish, desuetude, disuse, abandon, repeal, revoke, invalidate, rescind, nullifyObsolete, out of date, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned,除去551Remove,erase,delete, extinguish, exterminate, eliminate, eradicate, extirpate, efface,clear away, throw away, do away with, wipe out, get rid of , rule out,Obliterate, expurgate, expunge, purify, purge,破坏Destroy, damage, wreck, devastate, raze, ravage, knock down, demolish, vandalize, tear down, ruin, spoil, dilapidate,Perdition,detrimental,harmful, injurious,topple down/inclement/伤害Damage Bruise, mar, maul, do harm to, injure, wound, hurt, impair, harm, hurt, wound, harm, break, fracture, maim, cripple, mangle, mutilate;cut, gash, fracture, break灾祸Disaster, catastrophic, calamity, cataclysm, carnage, massacre, holocaust, decimate, wreck, accident,Misfortune, hapless, mishap,逐渐消亡Rot way, perish, decay, disintegrate, decompose, deteriorate, molder, aggravate, worsen, exacerbate, corrupt,Rotten, decayed, corrupt, damaged;decrepit ,decrepitude, dilapidate状态之改变正面能力,强,权力Enable, facilitate, empower, entitle, enhance,Strengthen, reinforce, sustain, countenance, consolidate,Able, be capable of doing , competent, potent, omnipotent, puissant, resourcefulAbility, capability, capacity, skill, forte,competence, faculty Intelligence, aptitude, flair, talentClever, bright, talented, astute, wisdom, wise, smart, acumen, Hegemony, puissance, resource, power, energy, authority, influence, impact, supremacy, potency, strength, force, vigor;大Aggrandize, amplify, augment, broaden, widen, extend, enlarge, magnify, enlarge,Exaggerate, overstate, overstress, overemphasize,多,增加Enrich, increase, add to, abound, fill, fill up, replenish, stock up, add, put in, raise,Accrue, mount up, augment, accumulate, riseAbundant, plentiful, more than enough, profuse, copious, rich, wealthy,generous, numerous, in great numbers;sufficient, enough, adequate, ample, as much as necessary,Increment, accretion, growth, augmentation,高Raise, lift up, improve, enhance, elevate, escalate, heave, heighten, hoist, Rise, increase, ascend, mount, go up, climb scale, jack up, skyrocket, surge, upsurgeHigh, tall, in height, lofty, towering, lanky;Height, stature, elevation, altitude有助Help, assist, aid, subsidize, help to, conduce to,, contribute to, function to, be of assistance, lend a hand, facilitate, enhance,Helper, aide, assistant, accessory, ancillary, accomplice, auspices,支持Support, bolster, boost, brace, buttress, espouse, proponent, underpin, embrace, exponent,快216Accelerate, hasten, speed up, quicken up, expediteRun, scurry, scuttle, scamper, prance, gallop, sprint, scud, Dart, fleet, rush, Fast, quick, rapid, swift, expeditious, speedy, fleeting, briskSpeed, swiftness, pace, velocity, rapidity, tempo, rate, quickness, promptness,有效,起作用Effective, efficient, effectual, successful, useful, helpful, functional, applicable, operative, working, active, functioning, in operation, in use, Available, serviceable,Impact, influence,自由,解脱Release, free, set free, set off, liberate, unshackle, unfetter, emancipate, manumit, disentangle, untangle, extricate, unravel,中性变Change, alter, modify, vary, turn, become, adjust, amend, transform, distort, modulate, transmute, shift, transfigure,Fluctuate, move, revolutionize, alternate, shiftDiversified, volatile, fickle, mercurial, protean, erratic, eccentric, irregular, inconsistent,Changeable, unsettled, variable, malleable, mutable,Change, alteration, variation, modification, transition, renovation, recondition, mutation;修改Redress, rectify, revise, emend, renovate, innovate, recondition,负面弱Weaken, enervate, vitiate, sap, impair, emaciate, attenuate, diluteWane, sag, fade, flag, deteriorate, exacerbate, wither, blight, dry up, wilt, sere, sear, shrink, shrivel,Weak, feeble, effete, wan, frail, lacking in strength, impotent, feeble, lethargicInfirmity, weakness, decadence, decadent,减少,降低Lower, reduce, decrease, drop off, abate, decline, dwarf, dwindle, rarefy, curtail, shorten, abridge, truncate, dock, decline, slump, eclipse, subside, shrink, ebb,Diminish, lessen, debase, dilute, moderate, die down, grow less intense, cut down, ebb, cut back,慢Decelerate, slow, slow down, retard, hold back,Slow, sluggish,Postpone, put off, delay, defer, procrastinate, adjourn,Dilatory, tardy, slack, sluggish,平息reconcile, comfort, placate, conciliate, reassure,allay, calm, console, soothe, pacify, assuage, mitigate, palliate, salve, temper,palliation, reconciliation,禁止,限制Prohibit, proscribe, forbid, ban, restrain, interdict, overrule, veto, stop fromLimit, restrict, confine, blockade, fetter, shackle, circumscribe Prohibited, forbidden, banned, illegal, outlawed, proscribed, taboo; Durance, taboo,控制, 抑制Control, wield, hold, steer, helm, maneuver, manipulate, dominate, regulate, rein in, direct, rule, govern, reign, regimentCurb, bridle, yoke, restrain inhibit smolder, suffocate, refrain from阻碍455Hinder, hamper, check, stunt, impede, block, obstruct, retard, interrupt, hold back, prevent from, forestall, keep from, deter from, discountenance, lumber, thwart, stem, stymie, frustrate, stump, stem,Entangle, enmesh, ensnare, entrap,Barrier, obstacle, obstruction, impediment, setback, hindrance, hurdle, blockade, blockage,morass, predicament, plight, straits, quandary,strait,预防Forestall, proselytize, preclude, prevent,干预432Interfere, intervene, intercede, meddle, annoy, vex, nettle, perturb, disturb, discomfit, molest, pester, bother, annoy, harass, intrude,Mediate,Inroad, raid, assail, assault, attack, trespass, infringe, attack, foray, intrude, encroach,Turbulence, disturbance得到,付出付出给Give, offer, endow, endue, present, bestow, provide, supply, furnish Impart, instruct, apprise, teach, instill, inculcate,Proffer, confer, donate, contribute, subscribe, bequeath,Issue, flow out, release,支出Cost, spend, pay, pay out, expend, disburse,Prodigal, profligate, splurge, spendthrift, dissipatefrugal, scrimp, skimp, abstemious,Expenditure, subvention,归还,偿439Return, hand out, restore, reciprocate, remunerate, revert,Compensate, reimburse, indemnify, expiate, atonement,Salary, remuneration, Emolument, honorarium,分配Distribute, allocate, issue, hand out, apportion, allot, dispense, ration, allot,assign, designate;Distribution, dispensation ration, allotment施加impose, entail, exert, inflict, suppress, subjugate, compress ,repress, coerce,使满Suffice, satiate, satisfy, cater, sate, meet requirement, gratifySuffuse, implant, instill, infuse, fill, impregnate,放弃Relinquish, give up, disclaim, abdicate, abjure, waive, renounce, recant, wean, forsake, abdicate, desert, forswear, renounce, repudiate, forgo, disown, disavow, abandonRenunciation,获得得到Get, receive, Accept, attain, acquire, obtain, gain, repossess, retrieve, procure, catch,Earn, profit, embezzle, peculate, defalcate, graft, appropriate, Obtainable, accessible, receptive,Receiver, recipient, procurement夺Deprive, take away, exact, extort, dispossess, bereave, divest, strip,Loot, ravage, ransack, sack, despoil, plunder, rapine, snatch, ,exploit, distill,Confiscate, impound, sequestrate, forfeit, expropriateExaction, depredation, spoliation,吸引Attract, appeal, fascinate, draw, charm, intrigue, enchant, tempt, allure, enchant, enthrall, rivet, fix, spellbind, intoxicate, engross, occupy, captivate, enamor,Attractive, appealing, charming, pleasing, attractiveness, fascination, charisma, personal, magnetism, attraction, fascination,包含510Contain, consist of, comprise, cover, encompass, span, contain, encompass, subsume, consist of, include, involve, embroil, implicate, ;Configuration component,需要,Require, call for, need, demand, necessitate,Necessary, required, requisite, essential,Requisite, prerequisite, requirement, precondition,使使Cause to be, make, lead to, render, turn into, trigger, activate, cause,要求,请求,Request, ask, entreat, demand, petition, appeal toSolicit, invoke, plead, implore, beseech, adjure,Dictate, command, mandate, order, instruct, charge,Imperative, essential, compulsory, mandatory, urgent, obligatory, Request, requisition, petition, invocation;促使,劝说,Advise, urge, argue, advocate, persuade, sway, influence,Convince, expostulate, exhort, hortative刺激,激发,鼓励Stimulate, activate, spur, incite, agitate, inspire, arouse, excite, provoke, actuate, incite, foment, stir up, trigger, Kindle, enkindle, ignite encourage, motivate, invigorate, prompt, instigate,Impetuous, impulsive;Drive, motivation, incentive, inducement, impetus推动,驱动,迫使Push, drive, propel, force, oblige, propel, compel goad威逼利诱欺骗,伪装Deceive, dupe, cheat, swindle, hoodwink,Disguise,Duplicity, artifice, chicanery, deception, scheme, subterfuge, duplicity.引诱Beguile, lure, tempt, allure, entice, tantalize, coax, delude, cozen, beguile,, Guile, deceit, cunning, wile, trickeryWily威吓Threaten, menace, intimidate ,hector, frighten, bully,Threatening, menacing,Threat, menace允许,承认Allow, let, permit, licenseAllowance, license, permission, consent, sanction, authorization心理想要期望Expect, look forward to, wait for, look ahead to, suppose, anticipate, await欲望,欲求Wish, want, desire, long, yearn, aspire, crave, hanker, covet:Desirous, eager, avid, greedy, acquisitive, much desired, coveted, ambitious, enterprising;Longing, aspiration, yearning, ambition, avarice, desire for, appetite, desire 意图Intend, tend to, mean, plan, be inclined to, predispose, resolve, prone to, apt to, disposed to, attempt to, aim to, be set to, have in mind, slant Intentionally, purposely, deliberately, consciously,Intention, motive, tendency, trend, proclivity, inclination, acclivity declivity, Liable, inclined to, willingly, likely不愿意Waver, hesitate, oscillate, vacillate, boggle, pause, falter,reluctant, unwilling,irresolute, indecisive, undetermined, uncertain, undecided, unsure,Reluctantly, unwillinglyReluctance, unwillingness认知感觉,察觉Sense, feel, savor, be conscious of, be aware of, regain consciousness, perceive, Cognize, regard,Detect, identify, notice, recognize, observe,Heed, pay/give heed to, take heed/notice of, notice, pay/give attention to Conscious, aware capable of feeling, sentient, percipient, cognizant, Consciousness, awareness, feeling, sense, sensation,Attention, heed, notice思考Think, consider, ponder, speculate, contemplate, reflect, muse, ponder,contemplate, muse, meditate, ruminate, chew, deliberate, take into account, take into consideration, cross one's mind, flash across one's mind, pass through one's mind, occur to sbthoughtful, meditative, pensivethought,consideration,reflection,contemplation理解know, understand, realize, appreciate, grasp, apprehend, figure out, be informed about, read, make out, go one’s idea across, decipher, decode, recognize, comprehend, be acquainted with, be familiar with,忽视,忘记, 没感觉Forget, not remember, neglect, ignore, overlook, disregard, pay no attention to, take no notice ofCondone, excuse, and forgive, pardon, absolve, exonerate, extenuate, Oblivious, remiss, delinquent, negligent,Neglectful, forgetfulOblivion, remission, omission.Amnesia, amnesty, inattention, oversightIgnorant, unknown,unconscious, unaware, insensitive, unresponsive清楚clarify, elucidate, shed light on, illuminate, make clearexplicit, overt, precise, unambiguous, plain, clear, unequivocal,clarity, clearness, lucidity, transparency, simplicity, precision.迷惑Confuse, puzzle, muddle, bewilder, perplex, baffle, nonplus, flummox, disconcert, confound, mix up, fluster, obscure, obfuscate, perplex Quandary, dilemma, plight, predicament,态度正面赞成,同意Approve, endorse, grant, confirm, ratify, agree with, consent, endorse, approbate, assent, approve, accord, agree, accede, resonate,Unanimous, in full accord,Approval, agreement, concurrence, unanimity, approbation. Uniformity, consistency, endorsement, confirmation, ratification, sanction,allow, permit, let, consent to肯定,相信Certain, sure, ascertain,positive, confident, convinced, assured,Inevitable, certainly, surely, positively, definitely, confidently, assuredly, inevitably, undoubtedly, unquestionably, unequivocallyBelieve, trust, entrust, have faith in,fidelity, loyalty, faith, affidavit, conviction,喜欢,赞美Love, be fond of, like, favor,worship, adore,Laud, praise, commend, extol, exalt, exult, eulogize, honor, pay tribute to, hymn, paean, carol, psalm, encomium,不喜欢,Loath, hate, dislike, abhor, repulse, repel, abominate, detest,Heinous, odious, hateful, repellent, repulsive, repugnant obnoxious, Aversion, odium, aversion, revulsion, abhorrence,不同意,反对Disagree, dissent, reject, and disallow discord,Contradict, gainsay, say the opposite to, oppose, counter, be in opposition to, go up against, defy, controvert, impugn,Inconsistent, contradictory, in disagreement, at oddsDisharmony, dissonanceOpposing, dissenting, opposite, contradictory, override contrariwise, oppositely;Dispute, argue,反驳Refute, rebut, retort, deny, confute, contest, disprove羞辱,贬义Embarrass, humiliate, disgrace, dishonor, mortify, demean, discomfit,degrade, undermineEmbarrassed, ashamed, unembarrassed, unabashedHumiliation, chagrin忧虑Worry about, fret over, feel anxious, uneasy about, be concerned about, fret, agony,Anxious, uneasy;Anxiety, concern, uneasiness, disquietedness, nervousness疑问,不相信Doubt, query, question, inquiry,Discredit, distrust, disbelieve, mistrust, suspect, be suspicious of, have doubts aboutDoubtful, misgiving, skeptical, dubious, incredulous,;Doubt, incertitude, questioning, skepticism, implausibility, incredibility批评,谴责Criticize, censure, condemn, denounce, attack, rail, rebuke, blame, reprove, reprimand,reproach; diatribe, reproof, reprimand分久必合,合久必分合,和同,等, 似Accord, match, equal, like, resemble, approximate,Same, unified, matching, much the same, be similar to, akin to, the same as, equivalent, identical parallelEquivalent, congruity, concord, parallel, similarity, parallelism, tantamount, tally,Resemble, bear a resemblance to, be like, look like, simulate, take after, imitate, mimic, copy, emulate,比较Compare, contrast, weigh against, judge against, balance, parallel Comparatively, relatively适合Suitable, fit, suited, proper, right, appropriate, apposite, apropos, opportune, fitting, apt,suitably, properly, rightly, appropriately, fittingly, aptly,相容Compatible, well-matched, well-suited, attuned, companionable, congenial, affable, amicable,Accommodate, Harbor, lodge,陪伴Accompany with, go along with, go together with, go with, come with, keep sb. Company, join, escort, convoy, cling to合作,合并Work together, cooperate, come together, and collaborate, join forces, team up,Merge, unite, connect, bond, bring together, combine, associate, amalgamate, swallow up, become one, come together, Affiliate, annex, coalesce, incorporate, integrate, put together, join together.Involve, embroil, include,Weld, join, solder,Merger, combination, solidarity, coalition, cohesion, conglomeration, agglomeration, confluence, Rapport, rapprochement, inseparable,聚集Gather, accumulate, amass, collect, pile up, heap up, compile, assemble, garner, convene, summon, organize, call together,swarm, throng, teem, crowdRally, confer, muster, congregate, aggregate, put together, amass, convoke, convene, collect a supply of;Collection, group, multitude, flock, herd, array, accumulation, accretion, backlog.Gregarious,联系,依靠Link, relate, connect, associate, correlate, attach, fasten, clinch, cling to, tie, adhere, affiliate, pertain, trace;Relevant, pertinent, germane,Link, bond, nexus, linkage, relationship, attachment,Rely on, trust, depend on, count on;Reliable, foolproof, dependable, independent, sovereign;trust, reliance, dependence,整体,全部,广义Complete, total, entire, full, whole, thorough, comprehensive, all-round, versatile, plenaryGenerally, entirely, fully, wholly, thoroughly, exhaustively, usually, largely, mainly, mostly, for the most part, on the whole, in generalAll over, throughout;交易,遇见,互相Trade, exchange, deal, do business, transact, interact, intertwine, swap, switch,Trade, commerce, interplay, commodity, goods, merchandise, transaction, interactionMeet, encounter, run into, run across, come across, happen to see, discover; Mutual, reciprocal, vice versa,遵守,认同Obey, comply with, act upon, follow, meet the terms, act in accordance, submit, observe, conform,Accordance, tractable, obedient, ductile, compliant, docile, manageable, tame,分分开,部分Divide, break up, separate, undo, seclude, sever, diversify, bifurcate, ramify,disconnect, cede, sunder, asunder, part, partition, isolate, part, detach, Exclude, occluded, preclude, segregate, secludeDisband, dismiss, scatter, estrange, segment, cleave, rift, disintegrate, split up, fall apart, collapse,Fission, crevice, partition, detachment, secession,Section, aspect, feature, facet, respect, side, sector, division, part, segment, fragment, piece, portion背离Digress, deviate, diverge, astray, depart, swerve, deflect, defection, apostate, betray, divagate, secede egress,Perfidious, infidelity, disloyal, unfaithfulness, disaffected,不同Different, dissimilar, unlike, incongruous, discordant, disparate, Multifarious, motley, various varied, diversified,Diversity, shade, nuance, disparity, discrepancy, difference, variance, multiplicity,不相容,不适合Incompatible, mismatched, unsuited, discordant, inharmonious, unsuitable, improper, wrong, inappropriate, inopportune, unfitunsuitably, inappropriately,违背,对立Contravene, defend, break, breach, disobey, counter, resist, violate, defy,flout, infringe,infraction,对立争,斗,努力Compete, via, contend, struggle, wrestle, tussle, challenge, fight against, emulate, rival, conflict, contest, strife, confront, face up to,Strive, make an effort, endeavor to, try to do, attempt to do, struggle; Effort, attemptantagonistic, hostile, friction躲避Avoid, escape, keep away from, stay away from, shun, wince, flee, run away, flight, parry, evade, dodge, sidestep, elude, shirk,成Win, succeed, triumph, prevail, outstrip, outwit, transcend, exceed, surmount, overcome surpass,Fulfill, complete, accomplish, finish, achieve, reach, approach, realize, soar, Subdue, suppress, override, overrule, subvert, topple,Consummation, achievement, feat, attainment, accomplishment. Accessible, reachable, attainable, obtainable, approachable,败Fail, be unsuccessful, be abortive, flunk, founder, bungle, sink, be fruitless, bungle, blunder, bumble, muffFailure, abortion, crashstranded,处理对付,处置Deal with, cope with, and dispose, handle, manage, process,Disposition选择Choose, select, favor, prefer, pick,传递Transmit, pass, hand on, transcribe, transfer, move, convert, convey, send, ferry, transport,Impart, inculcate, instruct, teach, inform, apprise, pass ontransfusion,采用,利用Make use of, use, employ, utilize, exploit, consume, harness, assume, take on 手段,工具By means of, by way of, by virtue of , method, manner, means, device, instrument, facility, implement, apparatus, appliance, mechanism, gadget, utensil, tools,contrivance, maneuver, tactic, mean, expedient, stratagem, tact, ploy, artifice, chicanery, scheme, plan, project, program行为,Act, perform, behave, work, serve as, operate, run, function to, conduct;Be engaged in, carry on, indulge in, participate, endeavor to, take part in, devote to, dedicate to,Behavior, demeanor, conduct, action, performance,信息处理表达说,表达say, tell, talk, speak, utter, express, voice, state, articulate, pronounce, emote, Declare, pronounce, claim, announce, address, intimateEquivocate, prevaricate, prattle, stammer,chat, discuss, converse, bargain, negotiate,talk, chat, discussion, debate, conversation, colloquy提出Suggest, propose, present, put forward, recommend, advocate, advise, posit, aver, allege, postulate, propound, tender,Hint, imply, insinuate, allude,描述Describe, depict, illustrate, limn, recount, portray, represent, define, characterize, delineate, sketch out,;description, version解释,说明Explain, interpret, explicate, detail, clarify, make clear, construe, misconstrue, elucidate, shed light on, decipher,, expound, disabuse, explain indetail, account for;Exposition, exhibition, connotation, exegesis, gloss annotate,表明Show, demonstrate, evince, indicate, display, exhibit,获取信息观察,探求observe, view, see, spot, watch, notice, make out, perceive, bring attention to, be aware of,distinguish, discern, detect, scrutinize, monitor, study, sight, inquire, probe, search, explore,Search, grope, probe, plumb, fathom, research,quest;调查,检查Inspect, examine, scan, study, check, investigate, censor, peruse, look into, look over, scrutinize, survey,Inspection, examination, census, censor, investigation, scrutiny, survey, inquiry, census, poll纪录,记载Record, register, document ,write down, take down, put down, note down, detail, keep details,逻辑分析证明Analyze, consider, infer, extrapolate, prove, justify, confirm, verify, validate, testify, attest, authenticate, substantiate, give evidence, corroborate假设Presume, assume, suppose, imagine, premise, surmise,推断Induce, infer, deduce, reason, derive from, ratiocinate, conclude,因果result from, result in, according to, attribute to, ascribe to, credit to, account for, derive from, arise from,proof, evidence, inference, conclusion,convince,cogent, sound, logical, rational,真,正确True, right, correct, proper, real, actual, genuine, veritable, veracious, authentictruly, really, actually, in fact, authentically, realistically, pragmatically; genuinely veraciously,faultless, impeccable, in the right wayTruth, canon, criterion, norm, axiom, veracity. Rationale, truism, maxim, correct, revise, rectify假,错False, wrong, incorrect, fallacious mistaken, erroneous, unreal, errant, faulty Fake, sham, phony, pretended, simulated, pseudoMistakenly, erroneously;Mistake, error, fault, fallacy, misconception, illusion;take A as B, confuse A with B, mistake A for B, erroneously identify A as B, falsify,发现, 揭示Discover, find out, learn, reveal, disclose, unveil, expose, divulge, make known, debunk, declassify, decode, decipher, translate, make out, revelation,其它强调的,Absolutely, incontrovertible, indispensable,indisputable, inalienable, indubitable, incontestable, irrefutable, incontrovertible;重要的Consequential, imponderable, paramount, substantial, major, significant, important, leading, major, dominant, predominant, prevailing, key, pivotal, decisive, critical, crucial, basic, fundamental, radical, essential, primary, integral, inherent, indispensable, necessary优缺点Advantage, benefit, advantageous, valuable, precious, positive, positive aspect, helpful, asset, valuable quality.Disadvantage, drawback, weakness, shortcoming, downside, negative aspect, unfavorable feature.明显的,突出的,优秀的,杰出的Obvious, apparent, evident, conspicuous visible, noteworthy, noticeable, notable, manifest, outstanding, remarkable, salient, prominent, eminent, distinguished, striking, extraordinary, excellent, monumental, phenomenal,主要mainly, chiefly, principally, predominatly, basically, fundamentally, primarily, inherently,。
很难翻译的英语词
很难翻译的英语词很难翻译的英语词在英语学习中,你有没有碰到比较难翻译的词汇呢,以下是店铺为大家整理的很难翻译的英语词,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家。
请大家看看这一句怎么译成英语:“他铅笔盒里有五支笔。
”别小看这么一句简单的话,实在没有办法翻译,因为英语里没有相当于汉语“笔”的词。
英语里倒是可以找到各种具体的“笔”的名称:铅笔 pencil 钢笔 pen / fountain pan 圆珠笔 ball-point pen 毛笔 writing brush画笔 painting brush 鸭嘴笔 drawing pen / ruling pen蜡笔 (wax) crayon 粉笔 chalk只有弄清楚那五支具体是什么笔,才能翻译出来,如:He’s got two pencils, two ball-point pens and one pen in his pencil-box.人们在认识事物的过程中,往往把性质或用途一样或类似的东西归为一类,表示某一类事物的总名称被叫做“上义词”(superordinate),一个“上义词”的概念包含许多“下义词”(hyponym)。
汉语中的“笔”就是前几行所列各种笔的“上义词”。
有些分类是各种语言基本一样的,如世界上的东西分成生物(living things)和无生命物(non-living things),或者有机物(organic matters)和无机物(inorganic matters),而生物里有植物(plants)和动物(animals),但有些分类是某种语言特有的。
“笔”在英语里就构不成一类。
再比如汉语中的“车”(包括各种汽车、自行车、人力车、手推车、童车等)、“牛”(包括水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛等)、“果品”(包括鲜果、干果、蜜饯等)、“皮”(包括各种兽皮、树皮、果皮等)之类的词在英语里都没有对应的说法,因为它们在说英语的人心目中并不构成一个“类”,所以翻译时必须弄清具体东西用不同的下义词代替,有时也可用上义词取代。
专业词语的翻译
专业词语的翻译一、专业词汇的翻译在科技文体的翻译中,要注意到有一些词是具有某一专业特殊涵义的专业词汇,即通常所说的科学术语一般具单义性,但另外一些则是多学科的专业词汇,在不同学科的学术文章中意义不同,还有一些是常用词被某些学科借用后形成的专业词汇。
如probe原指“探索,探查,调查”,现在生物学和医学中译为“探针”,表示于某种特异靶分子相互作用,作用后用于检测的分子,尤指用于DN A-RNA或DNA-DNA杂交检测中的放射性DNA或RNA分子。
物理学中译为“探极,探头,探针”,航天科学中译作“探测器,探测飞船”,工程学科中译作“传感器,取样器”。
另临床医学中译作“子宫探子”。
这种在英语中将旧词赋新义或同一词多专业化的倾向在汉语中是不存在的,译者应加以注意。
译者一方面应积极学习专业知识,深刻理解原文,根据逻辑关系或上下文内容来推测所属学科领域与部类,选择恰当的专业词语对应译出,另一方面也应勤查专业词典,用约定俗成的、规范的译名给出,最忌在上下文中随意改变,引起意义混乱。
半科技词是指不仅在日常生活中大量使用,也在科技英语中大量使用的词汇,但其含义却可能不尽相同。
如part通常的含义是“部分”,但其用于机械方面表示“零件”,其它如strength(力量;强度)、concentration(集中;浓度)、formulation(阐述;公式化)等。
二、构词法与新词翻译科技英语的新词层出不穷,除上述两种手段(将旧词赋新义或同一词多专业化使用)外,另一个方法就是利用构词法,构成丰富的新词。
译者对于构词法的了解是理解和翻译新词的一项重要的基本功。
从语义角度讲,词并非语言的最小有意义的结构单位。
这种单位称为形位(m orpheme)。
形位分实义形位或自由形位(相当于词根)及语法形位或粘附形位(相当于词缀)两种,如teacher和hopeful中teach和hope为实义形位,–er和-ful为语法形位。
英语词干除非派生词干(只含一个独立使用的实义形位,是不可分析的,也称之为隐性词,如axe、glove等),外,多数为派生词干,由一个实义形位与一个语法形位或另一个实义形位构成,是可以分析和推测其词义的,也称之为显性词,如chopper、doorman等。
困难等级名词
困难等级名词困难等级是指衡量某项任务、活动或问题的难度程度。
以下是一些常见的困难等级名词以及它们的解释:1.简单(Easy):指相对容易的任务或问题,通常不需要太多专业知识或技能就可以完成。
2.中等(Moderate):指一般难度的任务或问题,可能需要一定的基础知识或技能,但相对来说不会过于复杂。
3.困难(Difficult):指具有一定挑战性的任务或问题,需要充分发挥个人的能力并投入一定的时间和精力来解决。
4.高难度(Highly difficult):指相当具有挑战性的任务或问题,对于多数人来说可能需要较高水平的专业知识或技能,并且需要经过深入思考和探索才能克服。
5.极难(Very difficult):指非常困难且需要专业技能和知识的任务或问题,可能只有少数人具备解决的能力,通常需要较长时间和艰苦的努力。
拓展内容:除了上述常见的困难等级名词,还有一些其他的描述困难程度的词汇可供参考:1.简单易懂(Easy to understand):指任务或问题的内容相对简单,容易被理解。
2.复杂多变(Complex and variable):指任务或问题具有多重因素、变化多端,解决起来较为困难。
3.耗时耗力(Time-consuming and labor-intensive):指任务或问题需要投入大量时间和努力来完成。
4.技术性(Technical):指任务或问题涉及到专业技术领域的知识和技能,需要相应的专业背景来解决。
5.挑战性(Challenging):指任务或问题具有一定的挑战性,需要克服困难和面对各种挑战。
在实际应用中,根据具体情况,可以使用不同的困难等级名词来描述任务或问题的难度程度,以便将信息准确传达给参与者或解决者。
2016年专业英语词汇及翻译
一、专业词汇英译中(加粗为复习重点)anchored instruction 抛锚式教学case-study 案例chunk 大块,矮胖的人或物,组块,信息块cognitive map 认知地图cognitive structure 认知结构collaborative adj.合作的,协作的collaborative learning environment 协作学习环境commentary n.注释,评述,实况报道community 社区,共同体community of practice 实践共同体compact adj.紧凑的,紧密的;vt. 使坚实compatibility 兼容性compatibility n. 共存,相容,[计]兼容性complementary adj. 互补的,补充的Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL)计算机支持的合作学习computer-based training 计算机辅助训练concerted action 协同动作,协调行动correspondence education 函授教育,第一代远程教育curriculum n.(复数curricula) 课程decision-making 决策digital native 数字原住民direct satellite broadcasts DBS 直播卫星discipline n.纪律, 学科disciplined inquiry 学科探究distance education 远程教育distinguish from 区别,识别e-learning 数字化学习ethicaladj.与伦理有关,道德的(尤其职业道德的),民族的experiential learning 经验学习,实践学习fill in the gap 填补空白,弥补不足Gigabyte [GB,千兆]字节,terabytes 1024G homogeneous adj. 由同类组成的,同质的humanistic education 人本主义教育in conjunction with 与…一起,共同in light of 按照,根据in the context of 在…情况下,在…背景下information streams 信息流infrastructure n.基础结构,基础设施inquiry learning 探究性学习Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)电子电气工程师学会instructional interventions 教学介入或干预instructional system design 教学系统设计instructional system development 教学系统开发Internet nessaging 互联网消息接发(如飞信)knowledge aggregation 知识集成learning management system 学习管理系统Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) 学习技术标准委员会lifelong learning 终身学习literary criticism n. 文学评论,文艺评论live data feed 实时数据更新mental model 心理模式mental representation 心理表征meta-cognitive adj.元认知的micro-content 微内容MMS (Multimedia Message Service) 多媒体信息服务multimedia presentation system 多媒体播放系统Multiple Intelligence 多元智能multiple intelligences 多元智能n gen (net generation) 网络一代novice n.新手,初学者obsolete adj. 已过时的,废弃的,不再用的ontology n.本体, 本体论(事物的本体) performance measurement 性能测定,业绩评价personal digital assistants (PDAs) 个人数字助理,掌上电脑pivotal adj.枢轴的(中枢的),关键的portfolio 文档资料,文件夹,档案袋e-portfolio 电子档案post-modernism 后现代主义problem-based learning 基于问题的学习qualitative adj.性质上的,定性的quantitative adj.数量的,定量的random access 随机存取,随机检索reflection n.沉思,反思,回忆,反射reflective adj.反思的,沉思的Resource-Based Learning Environments基于资源的学习环境rubric 评价量规,标准scaffolding n. 脚手架,搭脚手架用的材料search engine 搜索引擎self-assessment n.自测,自我评估Sesame Street 芝麻街(美国著名儿童教育电视片smart-phone n.智能手机SMS (Short Message Service) 手机短信服务snapshot n.快照,急射,简单印象social book-marking 社会性书签social software 社会性软件sociolinguistics n. 社会语言学spiral organization 螺旋形的组织stem from 源自,来源于,由某事物造成synchronous adj.同时的, [物] 同步的asynchronous 异步的syndication system 联合推送系统the Zone of Proximal Development 最近发展区trade-off 交易,折衷,权衡,协调visualization n.可见的,可视的、形象化WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 无线应用协议weblog 网络日志Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) 无线高保真wiki 维基, 一种多人协作的写作工具二、完形填空1、() maintains that real world contexts imbedded in educational media serve as anchors of learning in the sense that learners construct knowledge while solving the subsequent problems. The theory was developed by the Cognition & Technology Group with John Bransford's lead.抛锚式教学理论Anchored Instruction Theory主张嵌入在教育媒体的现实世界背景作为学习的锚,因为学习者在解决相关问题时可以建构知识。
外语学习中的常见翻译困难与解决方法
外语学习中的常见翻译困难与解决方法外语学习是现代社会中的重要能力之一,而翻译作为外语学习的重要环节,常常会遇到各种困难。
本文将探讨外语学习中常见的翻译困难,并提出相应的解决方法。
一、词汇难题在进行外语翻译时,遇到词汇难题是常见的。
词汇的多义性、复杂的同义词、短语和习语等都可能导致翻译失误。
例如,中英文中“领导”一词的翻译就存在困难,既可以翻译成“leader”,也可以翻译成“boss”或者“head”。
解决这一问题的方法是通过大量的阅读和积累,提高词汇量和对词汇的理解。
二、语法结构问题语法结构在翻译中起到了至关重要的作用,然而不同语言的语法结构存在差异,这往往会导致翻译时的困扰。
例如,英文中的被动语态在中文中往往需要重新进行结构调整。
解决这一困难的方法是通过对两种语言的语法结构进行深入的比较和研究,掌握语法规则,并通过大量的练习来提高自己的翻译水平。
三、文化差异不同的语言和文化具有独特的特点和习惯用法,这就需要在翻译过程中对文化背景有一定的了解。
例如,中国文化中的“礼貌”和西方文化中的“尊重”在含义和表达方式上存在差异。
解决文化差异的方法是通过学习目标语言的文化,了解不同文化间的差异,并在翻译时注意将原文的意思准确传达出来。
四、表达风格问题外语翻译要求准确传达原始语言的意思,同时又要符合目标语言的表达习惯和风格。
这种矛盾导致了翻译中的困难。
解决这种困难的方法是通过大量阅读目标语言的文学作品和专业文献,培养对目标语言的感觉和理解力,提高自己的翻译技巧。
五、上下文理解问题上下文理解是外语翻译中的重要环节,也是一个常见的困扰。
上下文中的词语和句子往往会影响到对某一句子的准确理解。
解决这一问题的方法是在翻译时要仔细阅读原始文本的上下文,了解其中的信息背景,并结合语境进行翻译,以确保翻译的准确性和通顺性。
总结起来,外语学习中常见的翻译困难包括词汇难题、语法结构问题、文化差异、表达风格问题和上下文理解问题。
医学英语专业词汇大全单词带翻译
医学英语专业词汇大全单词带翻译医学专业的很多英语的专业术语都需要清楚了解,今天店铺在这里为大家分享医学英语专业词汇大全,希望这些医学专业词汇能帮到大家!医学英语专业词汇阅读Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿catelepsy 僵直illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问delusion 妄想delusion of persecution 被害妄想医学类英语简单词汇Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐negativism阻抗行动Mannerism作态行为destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考poverty of speech 言语贫乏flight of ideas 意念飞跃loosening of association 思考连结松散医学英语单词带翻译Mental retardation 智能不足autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimer's dementia阿尔?海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖Gender Identity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感depression 忧郁delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症acrophobia 惧高症algophobia 惧痛症sexual drive 性欲illusion 错觉hallucination 幻觉auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatation 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症confabulation 虚谈症。
数学各种专业的英语词汇翻译
1. 有关数*算add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数,红利divisor 因子,除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程,等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5x +6=22)4.有关分数和小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator (最小)公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数,幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数,立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的,线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off 四舍五入主题:数学专业英语词汇6.有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意:所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数,但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8.其它approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计,近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形,平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形cube 立方体,立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边,底数(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底数)opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的其它1.单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12个)score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度)square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天)common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie 打。
翻译中的翻译词典和专业词汇表
翻译中的翻译词典和专业词汇表翻译是一个需要运用相关知识和技能的复杂过程,其中词汇的选择和运用是至关重要的一环。
在翻译中,我们经常遇到一些生僻、专业的词汇,这时可以借助翻译词典和专业词汇表来解决。
本文将对翻译中的翻译词典和专业词汇表进行探讨。
一、翻译词典翻译词典是翻译工作者经常使用的一种工具,它可以提供单词、词组、短语及其语法、语法用法和词汇特点等方面的详细解释。
大多数翻译词典都提供多个语言之间的翻译。
在进行翻译时,当我们遇到生词、难词或多义词时,可以通过翻译词典来查找对应的翻译。
此外,翻译词典还能帮助我们了解单词的拼写、发音及其用法,并提供相关例句和习惯用法等,帮助我们更好地理解单词含义和使用。
但是,翻译词典也有其不足之处。
由于翻译词典收录的内容需要满足面广、通用的要求,因此一些专业名词或领域特定的术语并未收录或解释不够详细。
此外,翻译词典相对较为简单,对于较为复杂的语言结构或语境理解不强,可能会给翻译工作者造成误导。
二、专业词汇表专业词汇表是一种特定领域的词汇集合,涵盖了该领域内的各种专业术语、概念、名词和缩写。
这些词汇常用于特定的行业、学科或研究领域,并且具有较强的专业性。
在进行专业翻译时,我们经常需要使用到该领域的专业词汇,这时可以参考相应的专业词汇表来查找对应的翻译。
专业词汇表的优势在于其涵盖了该领域内的各种专业术语和概念,并提供了详细的解释和用法说明。
通过专业词汇表,我们可以更加准确地理解和使用相应的专业术语,保证翻译质量。
但是,专业词汇表也存在着一些问题。
由于专业词汇表只关注于特定领域内的词汇,因此在其他领域所含有的词汇就会存在漏洞。
此外,专业词汇表所涵盖的领域较为特定,因此可能没有办法应对综合性较强的翻译需要。
三、翻译中的综合运用在进行翻译时,我们不能仅仅依赖于翻译词典或专业词汇表中的词汇。
翻译需要综合考虑语言结构、语言语境和语言含义等多个因素。
在实际操作中,我们可以综合运用翻译词典和专业词汇表,并结合自己的经验和背景知识来完成翻译。
翻译硕士常考的翻译理论专业词汇词条翻译(中英对照) (1)
霍尔姆斯(Holmes)
Architranseme (ATR)
元译素
范·路文兹瓦特
Autonomy Spectrum Autotranslation
自立幅度 自译
罗斯(Rose) 波波维奇(Popovic)
Back Translation
回译
Bilateral interpreting
双边传译
凯斯(Keith)
赫维(Hervey)
Competence
能力
托利(Toury)
Componential Analysis
语义成分分析
奈达(Nida)
Comprehensive theory
综合理论
Conference interpreting
会议传译
Consecutive interpreting
接续传译
Contextual consistency
沃尔特·本雅明 奎因(Quine) 卡特福德(Catford) 弗拉科夫和弗罗林 奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber) 古阿德克(Gouadec) 奈达(Nida) 利弗威尔(Lefevere) 诺德(Nord)
托利(Toury) 韦努狄(Venuti) 卡特福德(Catford) 奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber) 波斯特盖特(Postgate) 利弗威尔(Lefevere) 利弗威尔(Lefevere) 迪勒和康纳留斯 古阿德克(Gouadec)
语用途径 语用翻译 预先规范 规定翻译研究 首级翻译 翻译规范 前瞻式翻译 原型文本 伪翻译 纯语言 原始翻译 级阶受限翻译 独有特征 接受语 重构式翻译 冗余 折射 规约性翻译常规 转接传译 知识库要素 阻抗 受限翻译 重组 后瞻式翻译 重写 韵体翻译 二级翻译 选译 语义消歧
实用翻译技巧:产品说明书的翻译方法和技巧
glutinous rice as its main ingredients. A unique
aroma and taste of sweet potatoes is retained in it. It
• Olay Regenerist Micro-sculping Revitalizing Essence Water
• It is beyond normal hydration concept, and is useful in resisting skin aging problems. It helps to reduce dry-lines and fine lines, make skin firming and water tender, and helps to improve skin care benefit of next
• 案例1:
• 用法与用量:外用,涂擦于洗净的冻疮部位,每 日2-3次。涂擦时轻轻按摩,以便吸收。
• 【注意事项】 • 1. 不可与其他外用产品混合使用; • 2. 注意防寒保暖,经常用40*C以上的热水或姜汤
浸敷; • 3. 用后密封,置于儿童不易拿到之处。
• 参考译文:
• [Usage and Dosage]
• (三)形译法 • 产品名称或说明书中用字母或单词表示形状时,
翻译可直接用原字母,或采用汉语中近似的表达, 使读者对产品的形状一目了然。 • O-ring O形环 • X-ray X光 • V-gear V形齿轮 • X-type 交叉形 • H-hinge 工字铰链
• (四)综合译法 • 有些专来自术语,要兼顾音、意。采用这种方法的
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译(司鹄版)
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译(司鹄版)Unit6Industry hygiene工业卫生physical hazard物理危害、物质危害nonionizing radiation非电离辐射adverse effects副作用loud noise嘈杂的声音chemical bum化学烧伤live electrical circuits 带电电路confined space密闭空间hearing loss听力丧失physical or mental disturbance身体或精神障碍annoyance烦恼power tools电动工具impulse脉冲sound level meter噪声计jet engine 喷气式发动机time-weighted average时间加权平均heat stress 热应力、热威胁shivering 颤抖hard labor辛苦工作fatigued疲劳的living tissue活组织plastic sealer塑料密封机biological hazard 生物危害potable water饮用水sewage污水physical contact身体接触allergic reaction 过敏反应severe pain剧烈疼痛manual handing手工处理airborne空中的on a daily basis每天hazard communication standard危害通识规定stipulation规定、条款trade name商标名工业卫生被定义为:“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术,这些压力产生或来自与工作场所,能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或是工程或社区居民的工作效率不高,并使他们感觉到很不舒服。
(P67)当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失,使身体或精神发生紊乱,对语言交流产生干扰,或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时,它是一种非常严重的危害。
翻译中的科技翻译和科技翻译难点
翻译中的科技翻译和科技翻译难点科技翻译是翻译工作中的一个领域,涉及到各种各样的科技术语和专业的技术文献。
现代科技发展迅速,科技领域的翻译难题也越来越多和复杂。
在本文中,我们将探讨科技翻译的一些难点,并讨论如何应对这些难点。
一、科技翻译的难点1. 专业术语的翻译科技翻译中最常见的难点是专业术语的翻译。
许多科技领域都有很多术语,这些术语在不同的语言中可能有不同的翻译或标准术语。
要想准确地翻译这些术语,需要有相应的专业知识和经验。
例如,云计算是一个新兴的科技领域,其中有许多专业术语,如“容器”、“虚拟机”、“分布式”等。
如果翻译人员没有足够的了解和研究这些术语,就难以准确地翻译它们。
此外,即使翻译人员对术语有一定的理解,但在具体场景下是否适用,也要考虑到。
2. 文化差异的影响科技领域的翻译还需要考虑文化差异的影响。
许多科技产品针对的是全球市场,例如智能手机、电脑软件等。
这些产品需要在各种语言和文化中得到准确的表达,这就需要翻译人员有关于不同文化的理解和认识,尤其是一些特定的技术词汇在不同的文化中意义的偏差,需要以文化为背景进行正确的翻译,避免引起不必要的误解和冲突。
3. 语言的表达方式和语法结构科技翻译中的另一个难点是语言的表达方式和语法结构。
不同语言之间存在着许多不同的表达方式和语法结构。
例如,英语中的长句子和复杂的从句在中文中可能需要分成两个或多个简单的句子来表达清晰、准确。
这就需要翻译人员具备熟练的语言表达技巧,知道如何在目标语言中表达源语言中的复杂思维,尽可能地保持原文的语感,保证译文的准确性、通顺和自然度。
二、如何解决科技翻译的难点1. 增强专业知识和技能要解决科技翻译中的难点,首先需要增强翻译人员的专业知识和技能,了解科技领域的技术术语和常见翻译问题,深入研究源语言和目标语言的文化背景和语言表达方式差异。
2. 建立科技翻译团队另外,可以通过建立科技翻译团队来提高翻译质量和效率。
科技翻译团队通常由具有专业知识和经验的翻译人员、文化背景专家、科技专家和校对人员组成。
化学及化工专业英语词汇翻译
化学及化工专业英语词汇翻译引言化学及化工领域是一个重要且复杂的领域,涉及到各种化学概念和专业术语。
掌握化学及化工专业英语词汇翻译对于学习和研究化学及化工领域具有重要意义。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学及化工专业英语词汇,并给出相应的中文翻译。
1. 元素(Elements)•Hydrogen(氢)•Carbon(碳)•Oxygen(氧)•Nitrogen(氮)•Phosphorus(磷)•Sulfur(硫)2. 化合物(Compounds)•Water(水)•Methane(甲烷)•Ethanol(乙醇)•Sodium chloride(氯化钠)•Calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)•Ammonia(氨)3. 反应(Reactions)•Synthesis(合成)•Decomposition(分解)•Oxidation(氧化)•Reduction(还原)•Acid-base reaction(酸碱反应)•Polymerization(聚合)4. 催化剂(Catalysts)•Platinum(铂)•Palladium(钯)•Enzyme(酶)•Zeolite(沸石)•Homogeneous catalyst(均相催化剂)•Heterogeneous catalyst(非均相催化剂)5. 离子(Ions)•Cation(阳离子)•Anion(阴离子)•Sodium ion(钠离子)•Chloride ion(氯离子)•Hydroxide ion(氢氧根离子)•Nitrate ion(硝酸根离子)6. 溶液(Solutions)•Solvent(溶剂)•Solute(溶质)•Concentration(浓度)•Dilution(稀释)•Dissolve(溶解)•Precipitate(沉淀)7. 实验设备(Laboratory Apparatus)•Beaker(烧杯)•Flask(烧瓶)•Test tube(试管)•Burette(分析管)•Pipette(移液管)•Funnel(漏斗)8. 测量单位(Units of Measurement)•Gram(克)•Liter(升)•Celsius(摄氏度)•Kelvin(开尔文)•Mole(摩尔)•Milliliter(毫升)9. 聚合物(Polymers)•Polyethylene(聚乙烯)•Polypropylene(聚丙烯)•Polyvinyl chloride(聚氯乙烯)•Polystyrene(聚苯乙烯)•Polyethylene terephthalate(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)•Polyacrylonitrile(聚丙烯腈)10. 有机化合物(Organic Compounds)•Benzene(苯)•Ethanol(乙醇)•Acetone(丙酮)•Methanol(甲醇)•Formaldehyde(甲醛)•Acetic acid(乙酸)结论在化学及化工领域,掌握英语词汇的翻译对于学习和研究具有重要意义。
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