干燥的九月 威廉·福克纳(中文版)
William Faulkner-Dry September威廉福克纳 干旱的九月 英文版
VIII.Dry September:William Faulkner’s short story "Dry September" deals with a lynching of a black man, Will Mayes, wrongly accused of attacking a white woman, Minnie Cooper. But Mayes is not the only victim in this short story. Minnie Cooper is also a victim in "Dry September." Minnie is as much a victim of the social standards and practices of southern society as Willie Mayes is. ?While "Dry September" may seem to be just a story about how a black man is wrongly condemned to death, it is also about the moral and social demise of a woman who is no longer valued in society. Minnie Cooper lives in a society that has no more place for old maids than it has for black men, and that makes her just as much a victim as Willie Mayes.Minnie had no choice but to create a lie becaus e, "Minnie’s world, offering no alternatives, encouraged Minnie to consent to, even create, her own victimization in the interests of consolidating white control" ?The structure of the story itself points to the importance of Minnie Cooper. She is dealt with more in the text of "Dry September" than Willie Mayes is. "Dry September" is divided up into five sections. The first section takes place in the barbershop, where the men decide to get Willie back for "raping" Minnie. The second section deals directly with Minnie, her life, what she does, and how she is being ignored by society. The third section deals with the lynching of Willie. However, in this section Willie’s thoughts and feelings are not made known to us. Instead the readers get an account of what happens up to the point where Hawshaw jumps out of the car. The fourth section again deals with Minnie, how she is acting, what she is wearing, and how people act toward her. The fifth section deals with McLendon beating his wife, which not only mimics the violent death of Willie, but also suggests the helplessness and vulnerability of women in this white, male-dominated society.Minnie Cooper clearly is an important character due to the amount of material written about her. Two fifths of the story deal directly with her. Only one fifth of the story deals directly with Willie, and in that section his character is not developed at all. Minnie is a victim in this story because there are two sections of the story explaining what her character is like and why she is ?suffering so much. Minnie is a victim of her gender, while Willie is a victim of his race. Noel Polk in Faulkner and Gender, states that, "Dry September" is "more centrally concerned with gender than with race". It is obvious that Willie is a victim, for he is the one who is murdered. But Minnie is also?a victim; although she does not die physically, she has for a long period been dead to society.?"She was the last to realize that she was losing ground. One evening at a party she heard a boy and two girls, all schoolmates, talking. She never accepted another invitation"We are told that there was a short time in her life when she was part of society—part of the crowd: "When she was young she had a slender, nervous body and a sort of hard vivacity which had enabled her for a time to ride upon the crest of the town’s social life ?Since being sexually attached or sexually attractive was so important to women, Minnie’s diminished status is clearly revealed when she is no longer able to hold any man’s interest.This feeling compels her even more to falsely accuse Willie. After Minnie accuses Willie of rape, she receives attention from the men in the town again./dry-september/William FaulknerA man who live through the Realistic Period and Modernism Period, and “the man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant.” He’s known as a Mississippi writer by his works.William Faulkner is recognized by many as America’s greatest writer of prose fiction of the 20th century and he’s also a Nobel Prize-winning novelist of 1949. He was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi. He was named after his grandfather William Clark Falkner who was the author of a popular romantic novel called “The White Rose of Memphis. Faulkner grew up in an old southern family, just before his fifth birthday, his family moved to Oxford, Mississippi, during that time, he met his childhood sweetheart, Estelle Oldham, and his lifetime friend Phil Stone who encouraged him to write. At the Oxford High School, he played the football as a quarterback and suffered a broken nose. And soon, he dropped out of school at age of 15. Later, he tried to join the U.S Army Air Force but was denied because he was too short.In July 1918, impelled by dreams of martial glory and by despair at a broken love affair, he joined Canadian Royal Air Force. On his application to the RAF, he lied about a few things, including his birth date, place, and added a “U” to his real last name “Falkner”, believing it would look more British. During the World War I, but he never fought. After the war, he returned to Mississippi as a war veteran and enrolled at the University of Mississippi under a special provision for war veterans. Even though he had never graduated from high school, his first published poem “L ‘Apres-Midi d’un Faune” appeared in The New Republic.His writing career started to turn around since then.William Faulkner was a very indifferent student in high school, and that determined his talent and unique writing style. His writings are mostly longer, and quite hypnotic,and his writings often have highly emotional impacts and complex, or sometimes even Gothic. He and Ernest Hemingway are considered two greatest American novelists of his era. Faulkner was also a prolific short story writer, many of his short stories and novels are set in Mississippi, and his most celebrated works include “Barn Burning” and “Dry September”.The story “Barn Burning”, narrated in the third person, was set in the imaginary Mississippi country Yoknapatawpha, where a ten year-old little boy Satoris Snopes faced a major decision in his life, which is either going alone with the views and actions of his father or to do what he innately senses is right. The story opens with the protagonist Sartoris Snopes in the court, and hoping that he will not be testify for a case against his father, even though Sarty knows the fact that his father is absolutely guilty for what he did. Sartoris’s father Abnernathy Snopes has a habit that he likes to burn a barn of whomever he is angry with. His father once said to him: “You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain’t going to have any blood to stick to you.”His father threatened him to be loyal to his family no matter if the family is right or wrong, or else he’d have no place to live or no help from relatives.After being ‘kicked’ out by many towns, Sartoris finally realized that there’s something wrong with his father psychologically. When they arrived at the plantation of Major de Spain, Sarty felt that everything is fine and his father would be safe, “People whose lives are a part of this peace and dignity are beyond his touch, he no more to them than a buzzing wasp: capable of stinging for a little moment but that's all, - the spell of this peace and dignity rendering even the barns and stable and cribs which belong to it impervious to the puny flames he might contrive . . .” However, Sartoris didn’t know that his father can just easily bring down such a big plantation with his metal problem.The theme of Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” is Sarty’s desire to break away from his family. It is easy enough for us to say what’s right and wrong, but, for Sartoris, it’s not simple as right and wrong or peace and dignity, it is between blood and justice. As thebeginning of the story, Sartoris did what his father told him to do, to stick with blood. He would probably defend his father anyways because the son always sticks with his father. But in the end, Sartoris warned Major de Spain that he father would burn down his plantation, even though such an action will cause his father and his family, or even worse that he would have no place to go. But, the ten years old Sartoris was able to make his own decision between family and morality.“Barn Burning” is a tale of a southerner, a man who is forced into a role by society. The main character Abnernathy Snopes, is a sharecropper of a poor family. He and his family had to share half or more than half of their harvest with the landlord. Two of Snopes’s daughters have to stay home and help out their parents in the field. And about Sarty Snopes, the ten years old boy, there is significant fact about him. Although he knows that his father is a barn burner, Sartoris fought those boys who called his father a “barn burner” to defend his father’s integrity. “Maybe he's done satisfied now, now that he has ... stopping himself, not to say it aloud even to himself.” Deep inside of his head, he doesn’t want to face the truth that his dad is a barn burner, a person who caused the family to move so many times. “Likely, his father bad already arranged to make a crop on another farm before he ...” And here again he stopped his thought. At the end of the story, Sarty made his decision and the “pull of blood” was not strong enough to corrupt his mind. It is understandable of what he did. It was a choice between family and morality. Nevertheless, he was probably too young to understand his father. He was not able to see through him, and the family’s poverty condition, because the route he wants to travel is nothing like his father’s path.“Dry September” was in Faulkner’s first short story collection. The story is told in five parts, and the author presented a vision of Southern life during reconstruction. The setting is a September day, “Sixty-two rainless days.”The story deals with a lynching of a black man, Will Mayes, wrongly accused of attacking a white female, Minnie Cooper and condemned to death. The opening of “Dry September” focuses on the oppressive heat and sets an overwhelming setting for the story along with the townspeople and hasfueled Miss Minnie’s accusation that she was raped by a black man, Will Mayes. “Dry September” touched a subject that many Southern authors like Faulkner would mentions, the relationship between black people and white people. The setting and characters also show the conflict and race relations that among the story.The story begins in a barbershop, where is located in a small town. People within the barbershop started an argumentative conversation about the crime of Will Mayes. Whoever is supporting Mr. Mayes are to be called the “niggerlover” by other. One of them is a man named Hawkshaw, he insists that for those who want to get the man guilty should find out the facts before even rushing into judgments. Also, throughout the whole story, the weather has been mentioned several times. "It’s this durn weather. It’s enough to make a man do anything," one of the barber comments. Especially the hot weather and temper on the dry September day. The story is divided into five parts. Part one is basically the argument over Will Mayes, part two is a flashback to Minnie’s life. In part three, we’re back to the barbershop, and a gang was formed this time. Part four and five kind of give us a little more details about Minnie and McLendon.William Faulkner gave his story the perfect title “Dry September”. It fits well because there are numerous changes in the story as well as during the season, just like when summer turns into fall, everyone will notice the differences and changes, and not just the weather changes, so do the people. For a story from the old South, this story has all the factors: a crime of passion, racism, and violence. This story shows us how we can affect other’s lives. And violence is not the solution to everything, because violence can only cause more violence. “Dry September” also shows how difficult it was to be a black man to live within in a entire white population, it is a passionate story that truly open our field of vision.“Dry September” and “Barn Burning”, two stories have a almost identical setting, they both are stories during 1930s in Mississippi, which both contains a common decline of the old social Southern theme. Faulkner uses his stories to call out and challenge people to change and awaken to the race, class, and economic turmoil. Both stories havevery one thing in common, that is they all have a final unanswered question. In “Barn Burning”, Little Sarty left his family, and in the end of the story, ‘He did not look back.” Faulkner did not tell what happened to him and what his future is. In “Dry September”, the whole story is concentrated on a black who is accused of attacking a white female, but the narrator did not give us an answer for Will Mayes but only said that he is condemned to death.“Barn Burning” was a story during the ebb of the 1930s while the “Dry September”was a story about a black man who lived in the old South. The main character of both stories seems to have a similar but very different bitter experience. Abnernathy Snopes, a white sharecropper who has to pay more than half of his harvest to his landlord and always burn down their barns as return. Will Mayes was wrongly accused of attacking a white woman, what he was going to face is a serious consequence of attacking a white person – guilty to death. The whole story is full filled with racism, the ‘n’ word is used repeatedly used by many white man who’s living in the town.William Faulkner once said: “He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, and victories without hope and worst of all, without pity or compassion.”In other words, a writer should write story with lust, and passion.It is remain an unsolved myth that whethet Minnie is raped by the nigger, or whether she is raped at all. But the old maid and the nigger are both the opperessed and humiliated onesin the story.Minnie is always seen as an joking object by the others. They humiliate her, look down opun her for her failiure in love, and dig out her miserable past, finding pleasure in doing so. They do not care her emotions and mind. Their seemingly tenderness is actually colder than indifference.The nigger is punished for what he may not have done. The men in the twon do not care whether he did it. They actually do not care Minnie too, but between a white woman and a nigger, they choose to believe in the white. What they seek is not truth or fact, or justice. They get some fun from the seemingly "protection" of the whites, and the dry wether add to their fury.In the story, the descrimination is shown between sex, and races. The white male is the dominant force of the world. They can abuse white women, as well as black men. And Mclendon is the typical representor of the brutle white male.Q: the dry weather symbols what in the story?"Dry September," is a novel about racism in the south by William Faulkner. In a small southern town of Jefferson , an aging and sexually frustrated white spinster starts the rumor that the black man has attacked her. A group of men, led by a former war hero, murder him before they proves his guilt. McLendon, is one of the main characters in this short story. Itis him who raises the mob against Mayes and in the end of the story,he strikes his wife very badly, when he cannot endure her accusingeye. It seems that he is a person of violence.So , my question is : what is the author’s aim to establish animage like McLendon?The story is about the position of woman in society, the racism, and the violence around these questions. The plot is divided into five sections: Sections I and III show the town‟s reaction to the rumor that Miss Minnie, a spinster, has been attacked by Will Mayes, a black man; Parts II and IV familiarize us with Miss Minnie‟s history and give us an inside view of her emotional state; and Section V provides us with a glimpse of McLendon‟s home life and the hints of his violence to Will Mayes.Miss Minnie Cooper, a southern aristocrat, “was of comfortable people--not be the best in Jefferson, but good people enough”. She is driven tode speration by her “idle and empty days”: She has no occupation, no social position, no intellectual interests, and is trapped by her advancing age. Her desire of being accepted surpasses her morality. The society has pushed her so much that she finds it hard to accept herself and what the society thinks about her. When herfriend's children call her 'aunty' she objects and insists on being called cousin. She wants to change their impression of her and in doing so she wants to be liked by them, hoping that the mere hint of rape will prove her still sexually desirable. Miss Minnie is the symbol of the decline of southern aristocracy, which was aging, rotten, lifeless, and deserted.The horrible racism is clearly showed in Dry September. Will Mayes is the most innocent victim, the only character who evokes our complete sympathy. He does no harm to Miss Minnie. He is obedient, When Mclendon force and order to him,he even doesn‟t do any resistance. “The Negro did not not move. …What you all going to do with m e, Mr. John? I aint done nothing. White folks, captains, I aint done nothing: I swear fore God‟ “. Poor Will! Who would listen to him? Although everybody knows what happens, nobody prefers to believe him. Will is accused of guilty, justbecause he is a black man, and they prefer that a Southern lady could never tell lie. Poor and defenseless Will Mayes is murdered in spite of his innocence.As a Southern writer, Faulkner draws upon the mores and prejudices of his own regional culture to create unforgettable characters and settings for his novels and short stories. “Dry September,” short though it may be, addresses many aspects of this Southern culture. Rather than emphasize the violence of Will Mayes’ death, the story focuses on the causes leading up to t hat violence and the mentality that breeds such monstrous behavior.My question is: Why does Faulkner treat many of his characters as victims of various social forces?。
[精品]浅析《干旱的九月》中主人物性格趋向
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浅析《干旱的九月》中主人物性格趋向浅析《干旱的九月》中主人物性格趋向【摘要】福克纳的短篇小说《干旱的九月》故事发生在一战之后的南方，讲述发生在“杰弗逊”镇上的一起强奸案件以及在故事中体现的人物性格，本文将从《干旱的九月》中故事发生的社会背景、时间背景以及人物背景这三个方面来分析福克纳小说中的人物性格。
【关键词】干旱的九月；背景；人物性格威廉・福克纳（William Faulkner，1897-1962）是20世纪美国最伟大的小说家之一，同时也是南方文艺复兴的代表人物，他于1949获得诺贝尔文学奖，从而奠定了他在美国文学史上举足轻重的地位。
《干旱的九月》是福克纳著名的短篇小说之一。
故事以麦克莱顿为首的众暴徒在没有任何证据的情况下杀害了一个无辜的黑人，原因是黑人威尔强奸了白人老处女明妮，而“强奸案”实际上是明妮小姐自己杜撰的谣言。
通过这样一个荒诞、残暴的事件，揭示了当时社会环境对人物性格的影响，而人性的表露和社会的大背景有直接的关系。
本文从背景这个角度探讨小说《干旱的九月》中人性这一主题。
这篇论文着重去分析两个人：一个是白人明妮小姐；另一个是一个暴徒形象―麦克莱登。
从该小说的背景因素分析其对人物的影响（一）社会背景美国的种族歧视问题历史悠久，美洲的发展史也是黑奴的一部辛酸的血泪史，尤其在20世纪上半叶的美国南方，黑人的地位非常低下，种族歧视极其严重。
福克纳的短篇小说《干旱的九月》就是通过描写南方社会中由种族歧视而引起的一场案件。
在谣言传开后莱登一伙人在不了解事情的真相下，就杀死了黑人威尔。
传统比人命更重要，更别说那些卑贱的黑鬼的命了。
在种族主义狂热情绪的影响下，理性屈服于疯狂。
由莱登带领的一群暴徒毫不犹豫地、残忍的杀死了黑人威尔，就血淋淋地体现了这一点。
在这篇小说中人物莱登是一个典型，他被当时社会的价值观念所误导，深受当时社会影响。
此外，南方淑女文化也对当时南方的社会生活起着重要的作用，深受南方淑女观念影响的男士们首先考虑的是对方是否具有稳重的淑女品德。
威廉·福克纳
威廉·福克纳《⼲旱的九⽉》读这篇⼩说，很容易让⼈联想到加西亚·马尔克斯那篇著名的《⼀桩事先张扬的凶杀案》。
福克纳写完这篇⼩说时，马尔克斯很可能还躺在炕上尿炕或蹲在地上撒尿和泥玩呢，因此谁是师傅谁是徒弟，也就⼀⽬了然了。
成名后的马尔克斯再提起福克纳时，显得颇有些不以为然，我觉得这样很不好，这有点像长⼤了的⼩孩⼦冲他妈妈说，反正现在我也⽤不着喝你的奶了。
故事⾮常简单，在杰弗⽣⼩镇，⼀群⽩⼈男⼦怀疑本镇39岁的淑⼥⽶妮·库珀遭到了⿊⼈男⼦威尔·梅耶斯的性侵犯，于是⽩⼈们商量着⼀起去教训⼀下⿊⿁，结果，⼀出惨剧可能就不可避免的发⽣了···⼩说的篇名起的很巧妙，《⼲旱的九⽉》，给⼈⼀种⼥⼈们的失态，男⼈们的狂躁可能都是因为这⼲热的天⽓引起的，这是福克纳跟读者开的⼀个⼩玩笑。
⼩说共分五章，⼀，三，五章写男⼈们，⼆，四章描写库珀⼩姐。
其中写男⼈的⼏个章节全篇都充斥着紧张焦躁的情绪，充满了⽕药味。
写库珀⼩姐那两章时，节奏⼀下⼦就舒缓⽂静了下来，娓娓道来，慢慢述说着⼥⼈⼀⽣苍凉的命运。
⼥主⼈公库珀⼩姐的家境不错，⼆⼗多岁时，由于她⾝材苗条，活泼好动，感情充沛，曾⼀度成为⼩镇上社交界的⼥皇。
渐渐地，她的⼥伴们都先后结婚开始⽣⼉育⼥，她也就慢慢的当上了阿姨，等她发现了⾃⼰的失势落伍，已为时已晚，谁让⾃⼰总是沉浸在过去的辉煌中⽽成长缓慢呢？她开始喝酒，与有钱的⽼鳏夫约会，还卷⼊到与银⾏出纳员的私通中，这些都是她三⼗岁之前的事。
接近四⼗岁的时候，她的⽣活就更闲了，⽽她长年卧病在床的母亲更让她的这种闲适显得极不真实。
去年，她说有男⼈扒在她家厨房的屋顶看她脱换⾐服，现在，她⼜说⼀个⿊⼈男⼦在⼤街上强奸了她。
之后的星期六晚上，她纱裙⾥穿着轻薄的内⾐长袜与同伴们去看电影，她在电影院⾥忍不住的失声⼤笑，让朋友搀出剧院更是在路边尖声狂笑，朋友们只好将她送回家，为她敷上冰块。
从精神分析学的角度解读《干旱的九月》
马 克 斯 威 尔 ・ 斯 默 称 福 克 纳 “ 仅 代 表 了南 方 腹 盖 不 地 ， 且 比 任 何 其 他 美 国 小 说 家 都 更 有 资 格 堪 称 南 而 方腹 地 的化身 ” 。 作 品 主 要 以 内 战后 南 方 传 统 其 价 值 标 准 的 破 落 、 重 的 种 族 歧 视 及 南 方 妇 道 观 为 严 主 题 。 呈 现 给读 者 的 是 “ 个 对 牛 活 痛 苦 ． 气 沉 沉 一 死
贵 族 地 主 阶 级 的 衰 落 和 南 方 人 民 的精 神 面 貌 。所 以
闻 ： 白 人 女 性 明 妮 宣 布 黑 人 男性 威 尔 强 暴 了 她 ， 白
人 男 性 们 不 愿 意 考 察 事 情 的 真 伪 ， 愿 考 虑 明 妮 的 不
状 况— — ｉ 四 十 岁 ． 未 嫁 人 ． 有 被 人 抛 弃 的 历 尚 且 史 ， 蛮 横 地 用 私 刑 将 威 尔 处 死 。至 此 ， 便 明妮 终 于 又 成 为 了人们 ， 其 是 男 人 们 关 注 的焦 点 ， 乎 重新 尤 似
读 各 不 相 同 ， 要 集 中 于 作 品 的 主 题 意 象 和 创 作 手 主 法 。 庞 旭 对 小 说 中南 方 淑 女 神 话 进 行 了 剖 析 ， 示 揭 出 这 一 神 话 背 景 的 “ 治 实 质 ” １布 瑞 恩 ・ 顿 （ ｒ 政 ［： ４ 萨 Ｂｉ —
论威廉·福克纳《干旱的九月》中米尼·库柏的人性扭曲
篇 小说是短 篇 的拓展 。因而 ， 的短篇 小说无 论在 人物刻 画 、 景描述 ， 他 场 还是叙 事技 巧 、 主题 的 丰富多样性 上都 超越 了一般 意义 上的短篇 小说 ” 。这在 《 干旱 的九月 》 中体 现地淋 漓尽致 。
福克纳的短篇小说《 干旱的九月》 发表于 １３ 年， ９ １ 正值其小说创作的鼎盛时期。 小说的故事情节并不复杂，
主要讲 述 了发生 在福克纳 典型场 景杰 弗逊小 镇上 的一起谋 杀事件 。事件 的起 因源于 一个流 言 ： 黑人 威尔 ・ 也 梅
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“干旱九月”的罪恶--解读福克纳《干旱的九月》
罪 恶 最 终 上 帝 遗 弃 了被 弥 漫 沙 尘淹 没 的 罪 恶 小镇
关键 词 ： 干旱 九 月 罪 恶
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施 私 刑 释 放 了他 们 的种 族 主 义 狂 热 ． 另一 群 女 “ 暴徒 ”
以恶 作 剧 形 式 对 米妮 ・ 库 珀 实施 了 另一 种 “ 私刑 ” 来 释
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方“ 杰弗逊” 小 镇 上 的一 起 暴 力谋 杀 事 件 ． 事 件 缘 于 一 个 谣 言 ：黑人 威 尔 ． 梅耶 斯 强 奸 了 年 近 四 十 尚未 成 婚 的 白人 女 子米 妮 ・ 库 柏 。 而 以麦 克 莱 顿 为 首 的 几 个 白 人暴徒 ． 在没有任何证据 的情况下 ． 在 九 月 的一 个 夜 （ 一） “ 干旱” 与 罪 恶 小 说 的开 始 就 告 诉 我 们 这 是 一 个 久 旱 后 — — 整 整 六 十二 天没 有 下 过 一 场 雨 的黄 昏 ． 聚集 在理 发店 里 的 人 们就 一 个 谣 言 ．即 黑人 威 尔 ． 梅 斯是 否强 奸 了年
理
论
“ 千旱九月Ｉ ’ 的罪 恶
解读福克纳《 干 旱 的九 月 》 康 有金 朱碧 荣
（ 武汉科 技大 学 ）
William_Faulkner-Dry_September威廉福克纳_干旱的九月_英文版
VIII.Dry September:William Faulkner’s short story "Dry September" deals with a lynching of a black man, Will Mayes, wrongly accused of attacking a white woman, Minnie Cooper. But Mayes is not the only victim in this short story. Minnie Cooper is also a victim in "Dry September." Minnie is as much a victim of the social standards and practices of southern society as Willie Mayes is. ?While "Dry September" may seem to be just a story about how a black man is wrongly condemned to death, it is also about the moral and social demise of a woman who is no longer valued in society. Minnie Cooper lives in a society that has no more place for old maids than it has for black men, and that makes her just as much a victim as Willie Mayes.Minnie had no choice but to create a lie because, "Minnie’s world, offering no alternatives, encouraged Minnie to consent to, even create, her own victimization in the interests of consolidating white control" ?The structure of the story itself points to the importance of Minnie Cooper. She is dealt with more in the text of "Dry September" than Willie Mayes is. "Dry September" is divided up into five sections. The first section takes place in the barbershop, where the men decide to get Willie back for "raping" Minnie. The second section deals directly with Minnie, her life, what she does, and how she is being ignored by society. The third section deals with the lynching of Willie. However, in this section Willie‟s thoughts and feelings are not made known to us. Instead the readers get an account of what happens up to the point where Hawshaw jumps out of the car. The fourth section again deals with Minnie, how she is acting, what she is wearing, and how people act toward her. The fifth section deals with McLendon beating his wife, which not only mimics the violent death of Willie, but also suggests the helplessness and vulnerability of women in this white, male-dominated society.Minnie Cooper clearly is an important character due to the amount of material written about her. Two fifths of the story deal directly with her. Only one fifth of the story deals directly with Willie, and in that section his character is not developed at all. Minnie is a victim in this story because there are two sections of the story explaining what her character is like and why she is ?suffering so much. Minnie is a victim of her gender, while Willie is a victim of his race. Noel Polk in Faulkner and Gender, states that, "Dry September" is "more centrally concerned with gender than with race". It is obvious that Willie is a victim, for he is the one who is murdered. But Minnie is also?a victim; although she does not die physically, she has for a long period been dead to society.?"She was the last to realize that she was losing ground. One evening at a party she heard a boy and two girls, all schoolmates, talking. She never accepted another invitation"We are told that there was a short time in her life when she was part of society—part of the crowd: "When she was young she had a slender, nervous body and a sort of hard vivacity which had enabled her for a time to ride upon the crest of the town’s social life ?Since being sexually attached or sexually a ttractive was so important to women, Minnie‟s diminished status is clearly revealed when she is no longer able to hold any man‟s interest.This feeling compels her even more to falsely accuse Willie. After Minnie accuses Willie ofrape, she receives attention from the men in the town again./dry-september/William FaulknerA man who live through the Realistic Period and Modernism Period, and “the man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant.” He‟s known as a Mississippi writer by his works.William Faulkner is recognized by many as America‟s greatest writer of prose fiction of the 20th century and he‟s also a Nobel Prize-winning novelist of 1949. He was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi. He was named after his grandfather William Clark Falkner who was the auth or of a popular romantic novel called “The White Rose of Memphis. Faulkner grew up in an old southern family, just before his fifth birthday, his family moved to Oxford, Mississippi, during that time, he met his childhood sweetheart, Estelle Oldham, and his lifetime friend Phil Stone who encouraged him to write. At the Oxford High School, he played the football as a quarterback and suffered a broken nose. And soon, he dropped out of school at age of 15. Later, he tried to join the U.S Army Air Force but was denied because he was too short.In July 1918, impelled by dreams of martial glory and by despair at a broken love affair, he joined Canadian Royal Air Force. On his application to the RAF, he lied about a few things, including his birth date, place, and added a “U” to his real last name “Falkner”, believing it would look more British. During the World War I, but he never fought. After the war, he returned to Mississippi as a war veteran and enrolled at the University of Mississippi under a special provision for war veterans. Even though he had never graduated from high school, his first published poem “L …Apres-Midi d‟un Faune” appeared in The New Republic. His writing career started to turn around since then.William Faulkner was a very indifferent student in high school, and that determined his talent and unique writing style. His writings are mostly longer, and quite hypnotic, and his writings often have highly emotional impacts and complex, or sometimes even Gothic. He and Ernest Hemingway are considered two greatest American novelists of his era. Faulkner was also a prolific short story writer, many of his short stories and novels are set in Mississippi, and his most celebrated works include “Barn Burning” and “Dry September”.The story “Barn Burning”, narrated in the third person, was set in the imaginary Mississippi country Yoknapatawpha, where a ten year-old little boy Satoris Snopes faced a major decision in his life, which is either going alone with the views and actions of his father or to do what he innately senses is right. The story opens with the protagonist Sartoris Snopes in the court, and hoping that he will not be testify for a case against his father, even though Sarty knows the fact that his father is absolutely guilty for what he did. Sartoris‟s father Abnernathy Snopes has a habit that he likes to burn a barn of whomever he is angry with. His father once said to him: “You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you ain‟t going to have any blood to stick to you.” His father threatened him to be loyal to his family no matter if the family is right or wrong, or else he‟d have no place to live or no help from relatives.After being …kicked‟ out by many towns, Sartoris finally realized that there‟s something wrong with his father psychologically. When they arrived at the plantation of Major de Spain, Sarty felt that everything is fine and his father would be safe, “People whose lives are a part of this peace and dignity are beyond his touch, he no more to them than a buzzing wasp: capable of stinging for a little moment but that's all, - the spell of this peace and dignity rendering even thebarns and stable and cribs which belong to it impervious to the puny flames he might contrive . . .” However, Sartoris didn‟t know t hat his father can just easily bring down such a big plantation with his metal problem.The theme of Faulkner‟s “Barn Burning” is Sarty‟s desire to break away from his family. It is easy enough for us to say what‟s right and wrong, but, for Sartoris, it‟s not simple as right and wrong or peace and dignity, it is between blood and justice. As the beginning of the story, Sartoris did what his father told him to do, to stick with blood. He would probably defend his father anyways because the son always sticks with his father. But in the end, Sartoris warned Major de Spain that he father would burn down his plantation, even though such an action will cause his father and his family, or even worse that he would have no place to go. But, the ten years old Sartoris was able to make his own decision between family and morality.“Barn Burning” is a tale of a southerner, a man who is forced into a role by society. The main character Abnernathy Snopes, is a sharecropper of a poor family. He and his family had to share half or more than half of their harvest with the landlord. Two of Snopes‟s daughters have to stay home and help out their parents in the field. And about Sarty Snopes, the ten years old boy, there is significant fact about him. Although he knows that his father is a barn burner, Sartoris fought those boys who called his father a “barn burner” to defend his father‟s integrity. “Maybe he's done satisfied now, now that he has ... stopping himself, not to say it aloud even to himself.” Deep inside of his head, he doesn‟t want to face the truth that his dad is a barn burner, a person who caused the family to move so many times. “Likely, his father bad already arranged to make a crop on another farm before he ...” And here again he stopped his thought. At the end of the story, Sarty made his decision and the “pull of blood” was not strong enough to corrupt his mind. It is understandable of what he did. It was a choice between family and morality. Nevertheless, he was probably too young to understand his father. He was not able to see through him, and the family‟s poverty condition, because the route he wants to travel is nothing like his father‟s path.“Dry September” was in Faulkner‟s first short story collection. The story is told in five parts, and the author presented a vision of Southern life during reconstruction. The setting is a September day, “Sixty-two rainless days.” The story deals with a lynching of a black man, Will Mayes, wrongly accused of attacking a white female, Minnie Cooper and condemned to death. The opening of “Dry September” focuses on the oppressive heat and sets an overwhelming setting for the story along with the townspeople and has fueled Miss Minnie‟s accusation that she was raped by a black man, Will Mayes. “Dry September” touched a s ubject that many Southern authors like Faulkner would mentions, the relationship between black people and white people. The setting and characters also show the conflict and race relations that among the story.The story begins in a barbershop, where is located in a small town. People within the barbershop started an argumentative conversation about the crime of Will Mayes. Whoever is supporting Mr. Mayes are to be called the “niggerlover” by other. One of them is a man named Hawkshaw, he insists that for those who want to get the man guilty should find out the facts before even rushing into judgments. Also, throughout the whole story, the weather has been mentioned several times. "It‟s this durn weather. It‟s enough to make a man do anything," one of the ba rber comments. Especially the hot weather and temper on the dry September day. The story is divided into five parts. Part one is basically the argument over Will Mayes, part two is a flashback to Minnie‟s life. In part three, we‟re back to the barbershop, and a gang was formed this time. Part four and five kind of give us a little more details about Minnie and McLendon.William Faulkner gave his story the perfect title “Dry September”. It fits well because there are numerous changes in the story as well as during the season, just like when summer turns into fall, everyone will notice the differences and changes, and not just the weather changes, so do the people. For a story from the old South, this story has all the factors: a crime of passion, racism, and violence. This story shows us how we can affect other‟s lives. And violence is not the solution to everything, because violence can only cause more violence. “Dry September” also shows how difficult it was to be a black man to live within in a entire white population, it is a passionate story that truly open our field of vision.“Dry September” and “Barn Burning”, two stories have a almost identical setting, they both are stories during 1930s in Mississippi, which both contains a common decline of the old social Southern theme. Faulkner uses his stories to call out and challenge people to change and awaken to the race, class, and economic turmoil. Both stories have very one thing in common, that is they all have a final unanswered question. In “Barn Burning”, Little Sarty left his family, and in the end of the story, …He did not look back.” Faulkner did not tell what happened to him and what his future is. In “Dry September”, the whole story is concentrated on a black who is accused of attacking a white female, but the narrator did not give us an answer for Will Mayes but only said that he is condemned to death.“Barn Burning” was a story during the ebb of the 1930s while the “Dry September” was a story about a black man who lived in the old South. The main character of both stories seems to have a similar but very different bitter experience. Abnernathy Snopes, a white sharecropper who has to pay more than half of his harvest to his landlord and always burn down their barns as return. Will Mayes was wrongly accused of attacking a white woman, what he was going to face is a serious consequence of attacking a white person –guilty to death. The whole story is full filled with racism, the …n‟ word is used repeatedly used by many white man who‟s living in the town.William Faulkner once said: “He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, and victories without hope and worst of all, without pity or compassion.” In other words, a writer should write story with lust, and passion.It is remain an unsolved myth that whethet Minnie is raped by the nigger, or whether she is raped at all. But the old maid and the nigger are both the opperessed and humiliated onesin the story.Minnie is always seen as an joking object by the others. They humiliate her, look down opun her for her failiure in love, and dig out her miserable past, finding pleasure in doing so. They do not care her emotions and mind. Their seemingly tenderness is actually colder than indifference.The nigger is punished for what he may not have done. The men in the twon do not care whether he did it. They actually do not care Minnie too, but between a white woman and a nigger, they choose to believe in the white. What they seek is not truth or fact, or justice. They get some fun from the seemingly "protection" of the whites, and the dry wether add to their fury.In the story, the descrimination is shown between sex, and races. The white male is the dominant force of the world. They can abuse white women, as well as black men. And Mclendon is the typical representor of the brutle white male.Q: the dry weather symbols what in the story?"Dry September," is a novel about racism in the south by William Faulkner. In a small southern town of Jefferson , an aging and sexually frustrated white spinster starts the rumor that the blackman has attacked her. A group of men, led by a former war hero, murder him before they proves his guilt.McLendon, is one of the main characters in this short story. It is him who raises the mob against Mayes and in the end of the story, he strikes his wife very badly, when he cannot endure her accusing eye. It seems that he is a person of violence.So , my question is : what is the author‟s aim to establish an imag e like McLendon?The story is about the position of woman in society, the racism, and the violence around these questions. The plot is divided into five sections: Sections I and III show the town‟s reaction to the rumor that Miss Minnie, a spinster, has been attacked by Will Mayes, a black man; Parts II and IV familiarize us with Miss Minnie‟s history and give us an inside view of her emotional state; and Section V provides us with a glimpse of McLendon‟s home life and the hints of his violence to Will Mayes.Miss Minnie Cooper, a southern aristocrat, “was of comfortable people--not be the best in Jefferson, but good people enough”. She is driven to desperation by her “idle and empty days”: She has no occupation, no social position, no intellectual interests, and is trapped by her advancing age. Her desire of being accepted surpasses her morality. The society has pushed her so much that she finds it hard to accept herself and what the society thinks about her. When her friend's children call her 'aunty' she objects and insists on being called cousin. She wants to change their impression of her and in doing so she wants to be liked by them, hoping that the mere hint of rape will prove her still sexually desirable. Miss Minnie is the symbol of the decline of southern aristocracy, which was aging, rotten, lifeless, and deserted.The horrible racism is clearly showed in Dry September. Will Mayes is the most innocent victim, the only character who evokes our complete sympathy. He does no harm to Miss Minnie.H e is obedient, When Mclendon force and order to him, he even doesn‟t do any resistance. “The Negro did not not move. …What you all going to do with me, Mr. John? I aint done nothing. White folks, captains, I aint done nothing: I swear fore God‟ “. Poor Wil l! Who would listen to him?Although everybody knows what happens, nobody prefers to believe him. Will is accused of guilty, just because he is a black man, and they prefer that a Southern lady could never tell lie. Poor and defenseless Will Mayes is murdered in spite of his innocence.As a Southern writer, Faulkner draws upon the mores and prejudices of his own regional culture to create unforgettable characters and settings for his novels and short stories. “Dry September,” short though it may be, addresses many aspects of this Southern culture. Rather than emphasize the violence of Will Mayes‟ death, the story focuses on the causes leading up to that violence and the mentality that breeds such monstrous behavior.My question is: Why does Faulkner treat many of his characters as victims of various social forces?A strong curiosity drove me to finish this story without neglecting a small clue, and yet I haven‟t found a clear answer even in the end of it. Like many other stories, its open ending leaves a large space for the readers to practice their imagination. Maybe whether the woman was raped or not, or by whom was she raped is not important at all, because after all it‟s the dark side of human nature that the author wanted us to focus on.Here in this story, the main character Minnie Cooper is a typical southern lady, and the author spent the whole chapter in describing her (Chapter II), from which we know that she is already an outdated and unappealing spinster. My question is, since she is “relegated to adu ltery by public opinion” and “men did not even follow her with their eyes anymore”, why people make such a fuss about her claiming to be raped? I think those people only use Minnie Cooper as an excuse to lynch Will Mayes rather than really care about her."Dry September" is a short story by William Faulkner. When seeing the title, I didn‟t really know what the story is about. In the beginning, a lot of characters pop out (which almost confused me) and their dialogue drag the story out, then I started to have a clue. I was mostly impressed by the dialogues between different characters, it is actually what they say that reveal their nature. The perspectives of the mob and the rumored victim are all revealed this way.In Chapter III, I notice that the image of moon appears once and again: “Below the east was a rumor of the twice-waxed moon”, and “Below the east the wan hemorrhage of the moon increased ”. So I wonder is moon here a metaphor? What‟s its connotation?。
福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的语言艺术
福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的语言艺术作者：郭雷唐利梅来源：《读与写·上旬刊》2013年第08期摘要：福克纳是一位极具语言天赋的作家，他短篇小说的语言艺术高超多样。
在《干旱的九月》一文中，福克纳娴熟的利用语言，语言时而极其繁复，时而又简洁明快，时而又有浓厚的乡土气息，充分的展示了福克纳语言风格的多样性。
关键词：福克纳；语言；繁复；简洁；乡土口语中图分类号：G648文献标识码：B文章编号：1672-1578（2013）08-0004-01很长时间以来，评论家们的视角多集中在福克纳的长篇小说上，而他创作的100多篇短篇小说常常受到忽视。
其实，短篇小说也是甚至是更高的艺术创作，福克纳本人曾做过这样的评论："也许每个小说家都想先写诗，发现自己写不了以后又试着写短篇小说，短篇小说是在诗歌之后最讲究的形式。
只有在写短篇小说失败之后，他才着手长篇小说的创作。
"笔者选取语言为焦点，以《干旱的九月》为例来分析他短篇小说的魅力艺术。
《干旱的九月》描述一位长期受性压抑而产生了"被虐狂"变态心理的南方老处女控告一个黑人"强奸"了她,结果使一名无辜黑人丧生在一群白人暴徒手中。
1.繁复1.1描绘环境繁复语言。
在《干旱的九月》的开篇第一段有两个长句构成，一句36个单词，另一句49个单词。
这段描写干燥炎热环境，是推动整个故事向前发展的重要线索。
在这个长句中，从句嵌套着从句，状语接着状语，与人们在这样炎热无雨的气候条件下容易变得焦躁不安的心理状况相互呼应，同时繁复语言表达的压抑环境能很好的流露出对对种族主义的鞭挞。
另一个例子是小说第三部分的开头，作者用两个长句描绘了暗淡冷漠的月亮、遮天蔽月的尘埃、令人窒息的空气、沉寂的黑夜天气环境。
这样的大段夸夸天气环境描述多次出现，让读者不由自主地联想到社会的阴暗和一种不详的征兆，制造出哥特式的气氛。
1.2刻画人物的心理繁复。
论威廉·福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的“实存”书写
论威廉福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的“实存”书写赵国锋
【期刊名称】《中北大学学报:社会科学版》
【年(卷),期】2022(38)6
【摘要】威廉·福克纳在美国文学史上的地位举足轻重,其短篇小说经典《干旱的九月》在国内学界引起广泛关注,但其中的生存状态维度有待进一步深入探究。
本文从海德格尔藉以界定人类本质的关键思想“实存之绽出”出发,观照小说世界中人物的生存状态。
福克纳在小说中着意呈现一个死亡笼罩的小说空间,其主要人物均彰显身体性存在,行为处处彰显暴力面向。
小说人物被动受制于特定区域主流话语,未能思考自身存在,因而未能实现“绽出的实存”规定的关键,即人类经由“思想”抵达澄明世界,其生存更接近于动物状态。
因此,福克纳演绎的是20世纪30年代美国南方社会中的一个典型,意在拷问特定历史条件下人类的“实存”状态。
【总页数】6页(P90-95)
【作者】赵国锋
【作者单位】中北大学人文社会科学学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I712
【相关文献】
1.哥特的九月哥特的旧南方——评福克纳的短篇小说"干旱的九月"
2.论威廉·福克纳《干旱的九月》中米尼·库柏的人性扭曲
3.解读福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》的
复调性4.传神写照正在阿堵中——浅谈威廉·福克纳的短篇小说“That Evening Sun”中的神态刻画5.疯狂、暴力和死亡:福克纳短篇小说“干旱的九月”中隐喻的分析
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
dry_september 干燥的九月
• Barber: “"I know Will Mayes. He's a good nigger. And I know Miss Minnie Cooper, too." "I dont believe Will Mayes did it," • The client (the drummer): "Then you are a hell of a white man," "Do you claim that anything excuses a nigger attacking a white woman? • The client (to the second speaker): Do you mean to tell me you are a white man and you'll stand for it? You better go back North where you came from. The South don’t want your kind here."
• The youth (Butch): "Do you accuse a white woman of lying?" you damn niggerlover.” • McLendon: "are you going to sit there and let a black son rape a white woman on the streets of Jefferson?" • The third （a soldier)："Did it really happen?" a third said. "This aint the first man scare she ever had, like Hawkshaw says. Wasn't there something about a man on the kitchen roof, watching her undress, about a year ago?"
试论福克纳《干旱的九月》中明妮·库珀小姐的疯癫
试论福克纳《干旱的九月》中明妮库珀小姐的疯癫
金文宁
【期刊名称】《天津外国语大学学报》
【年(卷),期】2009(016)006
【摘要】福克纳短篇小说<干旱的九月>女主人公明妮·库珀小姐年轻的时候是小镇社交场所一朵欢蹦乱跳的火焰,出尽风头,但到了谈婚论嫁的时候却被摒弃,之后更因为她的行为与淑女标准的冲突导致她在小镇上被孤立,因而心理上受到严重压抑.同时,她生活在一个种族主义占绝对优势的文化语境里,这个语境必然导致心理与精神的干旱、病态.白人种族主义意识不但是对黑人的压迫,也是对白人人性的摧残.正是在这一特殊环境下社会与个人之间的矛盾冲突,导致了明妮小姐的精神崩溃,使她成为南方淑女神话的牺牲品.
【总页数】5页(P45-49)
【作者】金文宁
【作者单位】上海理工大学外语学院,上海200093
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H06.4
【相关文献】
1.哥特的九月哥特的旧南方——评福克纳的短篇小说"干旱的九月" [J], 张明兰
2.从荣格精神分析角度解析《干旱的九月》中明妮·库珀 [J], 罗玲
3.论威廉·福克纳《干旱的九月》中米尼·库柏的人性扭曲 [J], 徐丹
4.在沉默与被压抑中爆发--析格拉斯珀尔《琐事》中明妮·赖特的悲剧 [J], 李权文
5.非线性时序、立体结构、模糊化叙述——浅析福克纳《干旱的九月》艺术手法的实验 [J], 徐谙律
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
dry_september 干燥的九月(课堂PPT)
• An American novelist and poet whose works feature his native state of Mississippi
• regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century
talking about? 3 who gather in barber shop and what
are their attitude towards the rumor?
• Barber: “"I know Will Mayes. He's a good nigger. And I know Miss Minnie Cooper, too." "I dont believe Will Mayes did it,"
William Faulkner
(1897-1962)
---One of the greatest writer in 20th century
---initiator of Southern Renaissance
---one of the most influential modernist novel writers in the West
• The client (the drummer): "Then you are a hell of a white man," "Do you claim that anything excuses a nigger attacking a white woman?
• The client (to the second speaker): Do you mean to tell me you are a white man and you'll stand for it? You better go back North where you came from. The South don’t want your kind here."
干燥的九月 威廉·福克纳(中文版)
美国作家威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner)：美国小说家。
出生于没落地主家庭，第一次世界大战时在加拿大空军中服役，战后曾在大学肄业一年，1925年后专门从事创作。
他被西方文学界视作“现代的经典作家”。
共写了19部长篇小说和70多篇短篇小说。
其中绝大多数故事发生在虚构的约克纳帕塔法县，被称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。
这部世系主要写该县及杰弗逊镇不同社会阶层的若干家庭几代人的故事。
时间从独立战争前到第二次世界大战以后，出场人物有600多人，其中主要人物在他的不同作品中交替出现，实为一部多卷体的美国南方社会变迁的历史。
其最著名的作品有描写杰弗逊镇望族康普生家庭的没落及成员的精神状态和生活遭遇的《声音与疯狂》（又译《喧哗与骚动》1929）；写安斯·本德仑偕儿子运送妻子灵柩回杰弗逊安葬途中经历种种磨难的《我弥留之际》（1930）；写孤儿裘·克里斯默斯在宗教和种族偏见的播弄、虐待下悲惨死去的《八月之光》（1932）；写一个有罪孽的庄园主塞德潘及其子女和庄园的毁灭性结局的《押沙龙，押沙龙》（1936）；写新兴资产阶级弗莱姆·斯诺普斯的冷酷无情及其必然结局的《斯诺普斯三部曲》（《村子》1940，《小镇》1957，《大宅》1959）等。
福克纳1949年获诺贝尔文学奖。
干燥的九月作者：[美]威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)(1897-1962) 译者/许志文九月如血的黄昏，62个无雨日子的不幸结果；谣言、传闻，无论它们是什么，仿佛干草一般燃烧了起来。
这是与米尼·库坡小姐和一个黑人有关的事。
受攻击、侮辱、惊吓的，并不是他们，星期六晚上聚集在理发室里的人们。
天花板的电扇使劲吹着，却没能使它冷却，浊热的空气，又吹回向他们，在变质的涂发乳和护肤液的气味反复翻腾中，他们散发出自己浑浊的气息和臭味，在仔细打听究竟发生了什么事。
"谁干也不会是威廉·莫耶斯干的，"一位理发师说。
论福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的环境描写重点
论福克纳短篇小说《干旱的九月》中的环境描写摘要:环境描写是小说创作中加强或升华作品主题思想和美学效果的一种重要艺术手段。
作为一位具备极高语言艺术天赋的作家,威廉·福克纳在其短篇小说《干旱的九月》里以其独特的眼光和超常的手法将个人的感觉与感情寓于对自然界的描写之中。
从文学文体学的角度分析文本中富有诗意的背景刻画,揭示出环境描写强化了反种族主义歧视的主题。
寄寓着深层内涵,耐人寻味。
关键词:文学文体学;福克纳;环境描写作为二十世纪前半期美国的一位举足轻重的作家,威廉·福克纳(1897-1962)的作品常被看成是二十世纪美国南方文学的顶峰。
《干旱的九月》(Dry September)是其短篇小说中的名篇之一。
故事涉及到他长期以来关注的种族问题。
揭露了白人种族主义者仅凭谣言动用私刑杀害黑人的罪行。
小说篇幅虽短,却能充分体现福克纳对语言的完美把握和运用。
尤其是该篇中他将气候、月亮等自然环境的悉心刻画与故事情节的发展完美地结合起来的精彩手法令人叹服。
本文从文学文体学的角度通过对该小说里作者对背景的诗意般的精心描写及其对深化小说主题思想的意义进行分析,探求文本中的语言艺术的潜在功能。
《干旱的九月》共五部分,其中一、三、五部分是小说的主线,叙述围绕着以麦克伦登为首的白人种族主义者迫害黑人事件进行,而二、四部分则是讲述库柏小姐,深受美国南方妇道观影响的受害者。
通过描述她的经历和她心灵的扭曲更加衬托出黑人梅斯所受的残害的无辜。
小说的背景描写主要出现在一、三、五部分,作者一直没有明写暗杀的情节,而是通过一系列精心的背景刻画使读者自然而然地感受到恐怖、血腥的氛围。
小说的标题《干旱的九月》从一开始便使读者感受到气候的压抑和不同寻常。
小说的第一句话交代了故事发生的时间、气候背景:连续六十二天无雨之后的九月的一个血红的黄昏(Through the Moody September twilight,aftermath of sixty-two rainless days)。
短篇小说《干旱的九月》的人物心理分析
短篇小说《干旱的九月》的人物心理分析作者：徐曼来源：《文教资料》2013年第05期摘要：威廉·福克纳是20世纪美国杰出的小说家。
他的短篇小说《干旱的九月》涉及暴力和种族主义这一主题，揭露了种族歧视的罪恶。
本文通过小说中主要人物的行为表现，探索人物的内心世界，从而进一步理解小说的主题。
关键词：短篇小说《干旱的九月》暴力种族主义行为表现威廉·福克纳是美国南方文学的杰出代表，他以独特的视角，高超的叙事手法，创造了一系列约克纳帕塔法世系小说，深刻反映了美国南方社会的变迁，尤其是贵族地主阶级的衰落、传统道德观念的沉疴、严重的种族歧视、南方传统的妇道观等主题。
虽然福克纳以长篇小说闻名于世，但他的短篇小说从人物、情节、场景到主题、叙事技巧等，被认为是其长篇小说的浓缩和补充，视角独特，结构精巧，匠心独运。
《干旱的九月》是最为读者所称道的短篇小说之一，出自福克纳1931年的短篇小说集《这十三篇》（These 13），讲述了发生在杰斐逊小镇上的一个故事：一个久旱无雨的九月，因为一个黑人强奸白人妇女的谣言，在没有任何证据的情况下，一伙白人对这个黑人实施了私刑。
《干旱的九月》是福克纳创作的最短的一部短篇小说，共分为五个部分：第一、第三和第五部分描写了以约翰·麦克莱顿为首的白人男人们的态度和言行；第二和第四部分则聚焦于处于谣言中心的白人妇女米妮·库珀小姐的反应和行为表现。
对于这桩似是而非的强奸案，各色人物的各色言行，充分体现了其不同的心理状态。
一、疯癫妄想的始作俑者整个故事开始于一个谣言，一则桃色新闻——黑人威尔·梅耶斯强奸了白人妇女米妮·库珀。
没有证据证明这一事件的真实性，也没人知道谁制造了这个谣言，不过在开篇理发店里沸沸扬扬的争论中，有人指出：“她可不是第一回说男人对她不怀好心了。
约摸一年以前，不是有过那么一回事，她说什么有个男的趴在厨房屋顶上看她脱衣服？”（245）暗示这个谣言似乎是受害者米妮·库珀小姐自我杜撰的。
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美国作家威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner)：美国小说家。
出生于没落地主家庭，第一次世界大战时在加拿大空军中服役，战后曾在大学肄业一年，1925年后专门从事创作。
他被西方文学界视作“现代的经典作家”。
共写了19部长篇小说和70多篇短篇小说。
其中绝大多数故事发生在虚构的约克纳帕塔法县，被称为“约克纳帕塔法世系”。
这部世系主要写该县及杰弗逊镇不同社会阶层的若干家庭几代人的故事。
时间从独立战争前到第二次世界大战以后，出场人物有600多人，其中主要人物在他的不同作品中交替出现，实为一部多卷体的美国南方社会变迁的历史。
其最著名的作品有描写杰弗逊镇望族康普生家庭的没落及成员的精神状态和生活遭遇的《声音与疯狂》（又译《喧哗与骚动》1929）；写安斯·本德仑偕儿子运送妻子灵柩回杰弗逊安葬途中经历种种磨难的《我弥留之际》（1930）；写孤儿裘·克里斯默斯在宗教和种族偏见的播弄、虐待下悲惨死去的《八月之光》（1932）；写一个有罪孽的庄园主塞德潘及其子女和庄园的毁灭性结局的《押沙龙，押沙龙》（1936）；写新兴资产阶级弗莱姆·斯诺普斯的冷酷无情及其必然结局的《斯诺普斯三部曲》（《村子》1940，《小镇》1957，《大宅》1959）等。
福克纳1949年获诺贝尔文学奖。
干燥的九月作者：[美]威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)(1897-1962) 译者/许志文九月如血的黄昏，62个无雨日子的不幸结果；谣言、传闻，无论它们是什么，仿佛干草一般燃烧了起来。
这是与米尼·库坡小姐和一个黑人有关的事。
受攻击、侮辱、惊吓的，并不是他们，星期六晚上聚集在理发室里的人们。
天花板的电扇使劲吹着，却没能使它冷却，浊热的空气，又吹回向他们，在变质的涂发乳和护肤液的气味反复翻腾中，他们散发出自己浑浊的气息和臭味，在仔细打听究竟发生了什么事。
"谁干也不会是威廉·莫耶斯干的，"一位理发师说。
他是个中年男子，削瘦，淡黄色皮肤，一张和善的面孔。
他在替顾客刮胡子，说："我了解威廉·莫耶斯，他是个好黑人，我也了解米尼·库坡小姐。
""你了解她什么？"第二个理发师问。
"她是谁？"顾客问，"一个女孩子？""不，"理发师回答，"她大约四十岁，我估计。
她没结过婚。
那是为什么我不相信......""相信。
见鬼！"一个穿着汗渍斑斑的绸衫笨拙粗大的年轻人说，"你不相信白人妇女却情愿信黑鬼的话？""我不信威廉·莫耶斯做了那事，"理发师说，"我了解威廉·莫耶斯。
""那么说可能你知道谁干了那事。
也许你已经护送他逃出镇子了。
你这该死的亲黑鬼的家伙。
""我不相信任何人做了任何事情，不相信任何事情发生过了。
我给你们大伙摆摆理由：假如那些老了还没结婚的娘们没动念头，那么男人不会......""你是白人的魔鬼，"顾客说。
他盖了围巾的身子晃动着。
年轻人跳起来。
"你不是？"他说，"你这不是指责一位白人妇女撒谎了吗？"理发师随着正欠起身的顾客抬起握着的递须刀，没有理会。
"该死的天气，"另一个说，"它足以使男人做出任何事来，即使是她。
"没有人笑。
理发师带着温和而坚定的语气说："我不是指责哪个人哪件事。
我只晓得并且你们大伙也晓得一个女人从不......""你这该死的亲黑鬼的家伙！"年轻人说。
"住嘴，布齐，"另一个说，"我们将有充足的时间了解到事实的真相。
""是谁？谁要了解真相？"年轻人说，"真相，见鬼！我......""你是个好样的白人，"顾客说，"你不是吗？"他的胡须涂了泡沫样子象晃动的沙漠老鼠。
"你告诉他们，杰克，"他对年轻人说，"如果这个镇子没有一个白人，你可以指望我，即使我不仅是个推销员甚至还是个陌生人。
""那是对的，小伙子，"理发师说，"首先找出事实。
我了解威廉·莫耶斯。
""哦，天啦！"年轻人喊道，"想到镇上的一个白人......""住嘴，布齐，"第二个说话人说，"我们将争取足够的时间。
"顾客坐起来。
他看着说话人，"你是想办法为一个攻击白人妇女的黑鬼开脱，还是想告诉我你是个白人并将维护她？最好你回到来的北方，南方这块儿不需要你的好意。
""怎么扯到北方？"第二个说，"我生长在这个镇子里。
""哦，天啦！"年轻人说。
他眼神紧张困惑，东瞅瞅西看看，似乎正努力想起他要说或要做的什么。
他用袖子擦一把出着汗的脸，"见鬼，如果我会让一个白人妇女......""你告诉他们，杰克，"货郎说，"老天在上，如果他们......"屏风门撞开了，一个男人站在那儿，叉着两腿，沉重的身躯一动不动。
他的白衬衣领子敞开；戴了顶氈帽。
他用恼怒无顾忌的目光扫了一下这群人。
他的名字叫麦克菲登。
他曾在法国前线带过兵，获得了勋章。
"哼，"他说，"你们就坐在这里听凭黑崽子在约瑟佛街上强奸白人妇女？"布齐又跳了起来。
他的绸子衬衣粘平在厚实的肩膀上，从他的腋下可以看见昏暗的半弦月儿。
"那正是我要告诉他们的！那正是我......""真有这事？"第三个说，"这不是她第一次受到男人的惊吓，像哈克萨说的。
大约一年前不是有一个男人在厨房顶上看她脱衣裳吗？""什么？"顾客说，"那是怎么回事？"理发师慢慢地把他按回椅子。
他克制自己斜躺着。
他的头抬起来，理发师又按了下去。
麦克菲登盯住第三个说话人，"真有此事？它会让地狱变样？你要让黑崽子逃脱直到他真得干了这种事？""那正是我要对他们说的！"布齐喊道。
他不停地咒骂，既执拗又无聊。
"喂，喂，"第四个说，"不要这么大声，嗓门不要这么大。
""确实，"麦克菲登说，"根本没有谈的必要。
我已经说了要说的，谁支持我？"他站稳脚，目光扫视着。
理发师按着推销员的脸，抬起递须刀，"先查明真相，小伙子们。
我了解威廉·莫耶斯，不是他干的。
让我们告诉治安官请求公正地处理这事。
"麦克菲登愤怒固执的脸迅疾转向他。
理发师没有理会。
他们俩像不同种族的人。
理发师们站在各自的躺着的顾客前，停住了手里的活。
"你的意思是告诉我，"麦克菲登说，"你已经听信了一个黑鬼的却没有相信一个白人妇女的话？你该死，喜欢黑鬼......"第三个说话人站起来抓住麦克菲登的肩膀。
他也曾当过兵。
"来，来，让我们把事情弄弄清楚。
哪一位了解真正的事实？""见鬼！弄清楚。
"麦克菲登抽出他的臂膀，"所有赞成我的人站起来；不赞成的人......"他的眼珠子骨碌碌转，伸着袖子揩把脸。
三个人站了起来。
椅子里的推销员坐起身，"这儿，"他说。
从脖子上扯下围巾，"去你的破布，我赞成他。
虽说我不住这，但以老天的名义发誓，如果我们的母亲、妻子和姊妹......"他抓着围巾抹了把脸然后抛到地下。
站在一旁的麦克菲登咒骂着其他人。
另一个人站起来走到他身边。
剩下的人不自在地坐着，也不相互看。
没多久一个跟一个地站起身支持他。
理发师从地下拾起围巾，整齐地折叠着。
"小伙子们，不要做那事。
威廉·莫耶斯从没干过，我知道的。
""跟我来，"麦克菲登说。
他急转身，屁股口袋露出重型自动手枪粗大的一端。
他们出去了。
在他们身后，屏风门撞响在死一般沉寂的空气中。
理发师仔细而且迅速地揩拭递须刀，并放到一边。
跑到后面，从墙上取下他的帽子。
"我要尽可能地盯着点，"他对其他理发师说，"我不能让......"他出了门，跑起来。
另外两个理发师跟到门口，抓住弹回的门，伸出头来望着他身后的街道。
空气沉闷而凝滞，有一种金属味道沉在嗓子里。
"他能做什么？"第一个人说。
第二个在说："老天保佑，老天保佑，"他低语着，"我会高兴威廉·莫耶斯像哈克一样，如果他惹恼了麦克菲登的话。
""老天保佑，老天保佑。
"第二个嘟喃着。
"你认为他真得强奸了她？"第一个说。
二她38岁或39岁。
住在一幢小房子里，和她生病的母亲呆在一起，还有一位削瘦、病黄色皮肤、勤快的姨。
每天上午10至11点，她会出现在门廊里，戴着顶绣边室内帽，坐秋千一直摆到中午。
饭后她躺会子。
等到下午凉爽了些时，穿着每个夏天都会有的三到四件薄而透明的衣裳中的一套，去镇里，和其她女士在百货店里消磨下午。
在那儿，她们会把玩着商品用，冷漠而不耐烦的语气讨价还价，没有一点买的打算。
她的日子舒服，虽算不上约瑟佛里最好的，也是足够富裕的人。
她略有姿色，她的神情和服饰透出显眼的稍微憔悴的样子。
年轻时她身材苗条，有些神经质，非常活泼。
一段时间里她在这个镇子的社交生活中颇露风头，比如中学的聚会和教堂的社交课，那时她还是个尚无评判能力的孩子。
后来，她发现自己正在失去往年的优势，那些曾经认为她比其他女人更显眼，声音更响亮些的人们逐渐产生出一种快感；之所以如此，男性出于势利的心理，女性出于报复的心理。
那时，她的容貌开始变得憔悴。
她仍携着这容貌参加在阴晦的门廊和夏天草坪上的聚会，像一个面具或一种标志，眼睛里有种难以抑制的否认事实的困惑神情。
一次晚会上，她听到所有的同学都谈到一个小伙子和两个姑娘，她就不再接受邀请了。
她眼睁睁地看着和她一起长大的女人们结了婚成了家有了孩子，但没有男人持续地拜访她，直到其他女人的孩子叫她"阿姨"有了几年，她们用一种愉快的口吻告诉他们米尼阿姨少女时怎样受人欢迎。