威廉福克纳 介绍William Faulkner
威廉·福克纳
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海德格尔认为,时间构成了人的实体或存在。
时间性是现代人的视界,“现代”使时间的意识空前
强化。 萨特认为作品中突出强调的是现在。
海德格尔和萨特都强调人的未来性:“人不是他所有
的一切的总和,而是他还没有而可以有的一切的综 合。”
“杰生的部分”发生在1928年4月6日,这部分写杰生当家
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
后康普生家的情况,他是典型的恶棍,从恨的角度讲述凯 蒂和她的私生子小昆丁,认为姐姐的遭遇影响了自己的 前程。
“迪尔西的部分”,则是发生在1928年4月8日(复活节),
它纯粹写当前的事:小昆丁的出走、杰生的狂怒与追寻, 以及象征着涤罪与净化的黑人教堂里的宗教活动。迪尔 西从小生活在康普生家,目睹了这个家族的盛衰。“我 看见了始,我看见了终。”
品中不断寻找的(失落的南方)。
“班吉的部分”发生的时间是1928年4月7日。通过他,福克
纳渲染了康普生家颓败的气氛。另一方面,通过班吉脑中 的印象,反映了康普生家那些孩子的童年。班吉33岁,却 只有3岁儿童的智力水平。
“昆丁的部分”发生在1910年6月2日,这部分交代昆丁当
天的所见所闻和他的活动,同时又通过他的思想活动,写 凯蒂的沉沦与昆丁自己的绝望。于是投河自尽。
《押沙龙,押沙龙!》书名取自《圣经》,本是大卫王
对阴谋篡位被杀身死的爱子押沙龙发出的哀叹,福克纳 借此表达父子反目、兄弟阋墙、命运不可违的悲剧主题。 具有史诗结构和悲剧气氛。
小说表现了庄园主托马斯· 萨德本的盛衰史。他本是乡野
贫穷家庭的一个农家子,因受人歧视感叹命运的不公, 立志奋斗。在白手起家的过程中,他摈弃了一切道德法 规,变成一个毫无人性的“妖魔”。最后,萨德本不仅 自己死于非命,而且也残害了自己的后裔。
威廉·福克纳简介
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威廉·福克纳简介威廉·福克纳姓名:威廉·福克纳(william faulkner)性别:男出生年月:1897-1962国籍:美国所获奖项:1949年诺贝尔文学奖威廉·福克纳(william faulkner,1897-1962)美国作家,生于美国密西西比州新奥尔巴尼的一个庄园主家,南北后家道中落。
第一次世界大战期间,福克纳在空军服过役。
战后入大学,其后从事过各种职业并开始写作。
《士兵的报酬》(1926)发表后,福克纳被列入"迷惘的一代",但很快与他们分道扬镖。
《萨拉里斯》(1929)问世之后,福克纳的创作进入高峰斯。
他发现"家乡那块邮票般大小的地方倒也值得一写,只怕一辈子也写不完"。
怀着这样的信念,他把19篇长篇和70多篇短篇小说纺织在"约克纳帕塌法世系"里,通过南方贵族世家的兴衰,反映了美国独立战争前夕到第二次世界大战之间的社会现实,创伤了20世纪的"人间喜剧"。
长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》和《我弥留之际》(1930)、《圣殿》(1931)、《八月之光》(1932)、《押沙龙,押沙龙》(1936)等现代文学的经典之作。
福克纳后期的主要小说诗歌文学作品有《村子》(1940)、《闯入者》(1948)、《》(1954)、《小镇》(1957)和《大宅》(1959)等。
此外还有短篇小说、剧本和诗歌。
福克纳虽是南方重要作家,但他的小说诗歌文学作品当时并不受重视,直到1946年美国著名的文学批评家马尔科姆·考莱编选了《袖珍本福克纳文集》,又写了一篇有名的序言之后,福克纳才在文坛上引起重视。
特别是、马尔洛等人的赏识,使福克纳名声大噪。
在艺术上,福克纳受影响,大胆地大胆地进行实验,采用意识流手法、对位结构以及象征隐喻等手段表现暴力、凶杀、性变态心理等,他的小说诗歌文学作品风格千姿百态、扑朔迷离,读者须下大功夫才能感受其特有的审美情趣。
威廉福克纳 介绍William Faulkner
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(P3)人们必须重温这些,必须教会自己:一切事物中最基 本的东西才最值得敬畏;并且,还要教会自己,没齿不忘, 永远在自己的工作室里为亘古不变的心灵的真理留出位置; 离开这些亘古不变的真理,任何小说都注定如浮游朝菌生 命一般地短暂 - -爱或荣誉或怜悯或自豪或同情或牺牲。 如果不这样做,他的一切劳作都会受到魔咒。 他所描绘 的不是爱情而是肉欲,他所记述的失败里不会有人失去任 何有价值的东西,他所描绘的胜利中也没有希望,更没有 同情和怜悯。他的悲哀,缺乏普遍的基础,留不下丝毫痕 迹。他所描述的不是人类的心灵,而是人类的内分泌物。
Main idea
3.Man will not merely endure, he will prevail. He is immortal because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. (Para.4)
Main idea
1.Only the human heart in conflict with itself is worth writing. (Para.2)
2.The basest of all things is to be afraid. Writers should remember forever that good writing reflects the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. (Para.3)
文学家福克纳是谁
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文学家福克纳是谁威廉·福克纳是美国文学史上最有影响力的作家之一,同时他也是1949年诺贝尔文学奖的得主,《喧哗与骚动》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙,押沙龙!》等为威廉·福克纳代表作。
下面是店铺搜集整理的文学家福克纳的简介,希望对你有帮助。
文学家福克纳的简介威廉·福克纳生于1897年9月25日,出身名门望族,全名威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳。
支配这个家族的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉·克拉科·福克纳老。
他既是种植园主,又是军人、作家、政治家。
他还是经营铁路的企业家,他修的铁路是当地唯一的铁路。
牛津小镇留下老鲜明的痕迹。
老死后,坟头矗立起一座8英尺高的意大利大理石雕像。
他还著有几本小说和其他一些作品,这种文学传统一直在家中传承了下来。
福克纳作品中的“约翰·萨托里斯”就是在他曾祖父的基础上创作而来的。
福克纳的文学特点威廉·福克纳作品特点主要有虚构的约克纳帕塔法世系架构描写、意识流的表现手法、多角度的叙事手法、抽象的语言风格和象征隐喻形式的当代神话模式多方面。
约克纳帕塔法是个在福克纳笔下虚构的地名,他的许多作品,都是发生在这块土地上。
根据统计,福克纳的作品共有600多名人物,都是约克纳帕塔法不同阶层的几代人。
这个地方是福克纳根据自己故乡的为原型而塑造的,也是世界文学史上最罪名的虚构地名之一。
意识流创作手法是福克纳作品最大的特点。
所谓的意识流,就是通过对人物意识的描写,来推动故事的进展。
换言之,即是对人物的心理描写十分侧重。
在福克纳的作品中,同样采用了这一创作手法,将细腻的人物感情和复杂的心理变化穿插在其作品当中。
威廉·福克纳作品特点最明显的是,多角度叙事。
所谓的多角度叙事,就是通过某一位角色为视角,以第一人称的手法表现故事,《喧哗与骚动》是福克纳多角度叙事的经典之作,他通过对班吉、昆丁和杰生等人的视角,把人物的心理完美地表达出来。
英语演讲原文:威廉福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖演说
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威廉福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖演说威廉福克纳(William Faulkner,1897-1962)美国作家,生于美国密西西比州新奥尔巴尼的一个庄园主家,南北战争后家道中落。
第一次世界大战期间,福克纳在空军服过役。
战后入大学,其后从事过各种职业并开始写作。
《士兵的报酬》(1926)发表后,福克纳被列入"迷惘的一代",但很快与他们分道扬镖。
《萨拉里斯》(1929)问世之后,福克纳的创作进入高峰斯。
他发现"家乡那块邮票般大小的地方倒也值得一写,只怕一辈子也写不完"。
怀着这样的信念,他把19篇长篇和70多篇短篇小说纺织在"约克纳帕塌法世系"里,通过南方贵族世家的兴衰,反映了美国独立战争前夕到第二次世界大战之间的社会现实,创伤了20世纪的"人间喜剧"。
长篇小说《喧哗与骚动》和《我弥留之际》(1930)、《圣殿》(1931)、《八月之光》(1932)、《押沙龙,押沙龙》(1936)等现代文学的经典之作。
福克纳后期的主要作品有《村子》(1940)、《闯入者》(1948)、《寓言》(1954)、《小镇》(1957)和《大宅》(1959)等。
此外还有短篇小说、剧本和诗歌。
福克纳虽是南方重要作家,但他的作品当时并不受重视,直到1946年美国著名的文学批评家马尔科姆考莱编选了《袖珍本福克纳文集》,又写了一篇有名的序言之后,福克纳才在文坛上引起重视。
特别是萨特、马尔洛等人的赏识,使福克纳名声大噪。
在艺术上,福克纳受弗洛伊德影响,大胆地大胆地进行实验,采用意识流手法、对位结构以及象征隐喻等手段表现暴力、凶杀、性变态心理等,他的作品风格千姿百态、扑朔迷离,读者须下大功夫才能感受其特有的审美情趣。
1949年,"因为他对当代美国小说作出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献",福克纳获诺贝尔文学奖。
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but tomy work -- life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication 1 for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim 2 too, by using this moment as a pinnacle 3 from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated 4 to the same anguish 5 and travail 6 , among whom is already that one who will some day stand where I am standing 7 .Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop foranything but the old verities 8 and truths of the heart, the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed 10 -- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion 11 and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors 12 under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust 13 , of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands 14 .Until he learns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal 15 simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom 9 has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny 16 inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.The poet’s, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, byreminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props 17 , the pillars to help him endure and prevail.■文章重点单词注释:1dedicationn.奉献,献身,致力,题献,献辞参考例句:We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
William_Faulkner_(1897-1962)福克纳
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Poetry
Faulkner wrote two volumes of poetry which were published in small printings, The Marble Faun 大理石牧神 (1924) and A Green Bough 绿枝(1933)
“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player,// That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,// And then is heard no more; it is a tale// Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,// Signifying nothing”. (Macbeth)
南方作家重视家庭、宗教和传统道德观 念,对南方的过去和现在有着深刻思考, 重农轻工,对工业文明有强烈疏远和排斥.
Southern Renaissance
In the 20th century , southern literature, became not only distinguished but very diverse, yet it has often laid stress on regionalism.
American Southern Literature
一般是指美国南北战争后出现在南方的一种严肃 而带有悲剧性的文学,它也被称为"南方文艺复兴 "(Southern Renaissance)
American southern literature can date back to Edgar Allen Poe, and reach its summit with the appearance of the two “giants” – Faulkner and Wolfe. There are southern women writers – Katherine Anne Porter, Eudora Welty, and Flannery O’Connor.
威廉福克纳的简介
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威廉福克纳的简介威廉;福克纳是美国文学史上最有影响力的作家之一,也是1949年诺贝尔文学奖的得主,下面是搜集整理的威廉福克纳的简介,希望对你有帮助。
威廉;福克纳生于1897年9月25日,出身名门望族,全名威廉;卡斯伯特;福克纳。
支配这个家族的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉;克拉科;福克纳老。
他既是种植园主,又是军人、作家、政治家。
他还是经营铁路的企业家,他修的铁路是当地唯一的铁路。
牛津小镇留下老鲜明的痕迹。
老死后,坟头矗立起一座8英尺高的意大利大理石雕像。
他还著有几本小说和其他一些作品,这种文学传统一直在家中传承了下来。
福克纳作品中的“约翰;萨托里斯”就是在他曾祖父的基础上创作而来的。
威廉福克纳的文学特点意识流福克纳笔下的剧情浸染着人物的复杂心理变化,细腻的感情描写穿插其中。
他的作品最大的外在特点是绵延婉转及结构极为繁复的长句子和反复斟酌推敲后选取的精巧词汇。
他和风格简洁明了、干脆利落的海明威更是两个极端。
与欧洲文学试验者乔伊斯、伍尔芙、普鲁斯特等人遥相呼应,大量运用意识流、多角度叙述和陈述中时间推移等富有创新性的文学手法。
他的小说具有明显的空间形式小说的特征,他对意识流技巧和时间错置的创造性使用丰富了小说这一传统文学体裁时间和空间上的表现形式,无疑对传统的叙事结构构成变革性的挑战,给读者的传统文学审美价值体系带来了全新的冲击,对读者的理解能力和想象能力是个极大的考验。
让-保罗;萨特曾评价《喧哗与骚动》:“福克纳的哲学是时间的哲学。
”意识流是福克纳作品的重要表现手法。
比如《喧哗与骚动》中,昆丁的思绪在手表齿轮的声音、耶稣在海上行走、华盛顿的诚实、小物件上的红迹、自己手指的血之间自由跳跃,却显得十分自然。
自由联想往往是不受时间限制的,比如《我弥留之际》中艾迪的意识,由过去与父亲的对话,联想到现在教授学生的烦恼,再到将来的安眠,过去、现在和未来就通过意识流串了起来。
除了意识的自然跳跃,潜意识的沉淀、积累、扩展也是福克纳艺术手法的表现内容,比如昆丁自杀前一天,他对过去的记忆、对周围环境的感知,全部汇集成关于凯蒂贞操的潜意识。
威廉福克纳的简介
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威廉福克纳的简介威廉·福克纳是美国文学史上最有影响力的作家之一,也是1949年诺贝尔文学奖的得主,下面是店铺搜集整理的威廉福克纳的简介,希望对你有帮助。
威廉福克纳的简介威廉·福克纳生于1897年9月25日,出身名门望族,全名威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳。
支配这个家族的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉·克拉科·福克纳老。
他既是种植园主,又是军人、作家、政治家。
他还是经营铁路的企业家,他修的铁路是当地唯一的铁路。
牛津小镇留下老鲜明的痕迹。
老死后,坟头矗立起一座8英尺高的意大利大理石雕像。
他还著有几本小说和其他一些作品,这种文学传统一直在家中传承了下来。
福克纳作品中的“约翰·萨托里斯”就是在他曾祖父的基础上创作而来的。
威廉福克纳的文学特点意识流福克纳笔下的剧情浸染着人物的复杂心理变化,细腻的感情描写穿插其中。
他的作品最大的外在特点是绵延婉转及结构极为繁复的长句子和反复斟酌推敲后选取的精巧词汇。
他和风格简洁明了、干脆利落的海明威更是两个极端。
与欧洲文学试验者乔伊斯、伍尔芙、普鲁斯特等人遥相呼应,大量运用意识流、多角度叙述和陈述中时间推移等富有创新性的文学手法。
他的小说具有明显的空间形式小说的特征,他对意识流技巧和时间错置的创造性使用丰富了小说这一传统文学体裁时间和空间上的表现形式,无疑对传统的叙事结构构成变革性的挑战,给读者的传统文学审美价值体系带来了全新的冲击,对读者的理解能力和想象能力是个极大的考验。
让-保罗·萨特曾评价《喧哗与骚动》:“福克纳的哲学是时间的哲学。
”意识流是福克纳作品的重要表现手法。
比如《喧哗与骚动》中,昆丁的思绪在手表齿轮的声音、耶稣在海上行走、华盛顿的诚实、小物件上的红迹、自己手指的血之间自由跳跃,却显得十分自然。
自由联想往往是不受时间限制的,比如《我弥留之际》中艾迪的意识,由过去与父亲的对话,联想到现在教授学生的烦恼,再到将来的安眠,过去、现在和未来就通过意识流串了起来。
威廉福克纳的简介
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威廉福克纳的简介威廉·福克纳生于1897年9月25日,出身名门望族,全名威廉·卡斯伯特·福克纳。
支配这个家族的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉·克拉科·福克纳老。
他既是种植园主,又是军人、作家、政治家。
他还是经营铁路的企业家,他修的铁路是当地唯一的铁路。
牛津小镇留下老鲜明的痕迹。
老死后,坟头矗立起一座8英尺高的意大利大理石雕像。
他还著有几本小说和其他一些作品,这种文学传统一直在家中传承了下来。
福克纳作品中的“约翰·萨托里斯”就是在他曾祖父的基础上创作而来的。
意识流福克纳笔下的剧情浸染着人物的复杂心理变化,细腻的感情描写穿插其中。
他的作品最大的外在特点是绵延婉转及结构极为繁复的长句子和反复斟酌推敲后选取的精巧词汇。
他和风格简洁明了、干脆利落的海明威更是两个极端。
与欧洲文学试验者乔伊斯、伍尔芙、普鲁斯特等人遥相呼应,大量运用意识流、多角度叙述和陈述中时间推移等富有创新性的文学手法。
他的小说具有明显的空间形式小说的特征,他对意识流技巧和时间错置的创造性使用丰富了小说这一传统文学体裁时间和空间上的表现形式,无疑对传统的叙事结构构成变革性的挑战,给读者的传统文学审美价值体系带来了全新的冲击,对读者的理解能力和想象能力是个极大的考验。
让-保罗·萨特曾评价《喧哗与骚动》:“福克纳的哲学是时间的哲学。
”意识流是福克纳作品的重要表现手法。
比如《喧哗与骚动》中,昆丁的思绪在手表齿轮的声音、耶稣在海上行走、华盛顿的诚实、小物件上的红迹、自己手指的血之间自由跳跃,却显得十分自然。
自由联想往往是不受时间限制的,比如《我弥留之际》中艾迪的意识,由过去与父亲的对话,联想到现在教授学生的烦恼,再到将来的安眠,过去、现在和未来就通过意识流串了起来。
除了意识的自然跳跃,潜意识的沉淀、积累、扩展也是福克纳艺术手法的表现内容,比如昆丁自杀前一天,他对过去的记忆、对周围环境的感知,全部汇集成关于凯蒂贞操的潜意识。
21.WilliamFaulkner福克纳解析
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William FaulknerWilliam Faulkner (1897-1962) ■ William Faulkner was born in NewAlbany, Mississippi and raised in nearbyOxford, and lived there almost all hislife. Faulkner left school in his tee nsand had no further formal educationbeyond a year (1919-1920) as a specialstudent at the University of Mississippi.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ The fact that William Faulkner was bom into a Southern family with a fairly long tradition is perhaps the most important of all the in flue nces that made him a major writer in American literature.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ The town of Oxford where he was brought up became the model for his fictional Jefferson, the seat of 丫oknapatawpha county. His own family history found its way into his novels and the members of his family proved to be prototypes for his characters.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ Faulkner's knowledge of the life of the American Deep South, with its tragic history of rise and fall in its fortunes, its ways and mores, and its language, all fused in his imagination and recreated, became the substanee of a Faulkneria n world strangely in spiring both nostalgia and a sense of impending doom in modern readers・William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ Most of Faulknefs works are set in the American South, with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness, and they are about people from a small region in Northern Mississippi, Yoknapatawpha County, which is actually an imaginary place・■ With his rich imagination, Faulkner turned the land, the people and the history of the region into a literary creation and mythical kingdom. As a result, 丫oknapatawpha Country has become an allegory or a parable of the Old South, with which Faulkner has managed successfully to show a panorama of the experience and consciousness of the whole Southern society・William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ The Yokanapatawpha County series have an overall pattern in which the fate of a ruined homeland always focuses on the collision of Faulknefs intelligent, sensitive, and idealistic protagonists with the society of the 20th century・■ Almost all his heroes turn out to be tragic because they are prisoners of the past, or of the society, or of some social and moral taboos, or of their own in trospective pers on alities.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ His first two novels, Soldier's Pay and Mosquitoes (1927), were not very promising, but Sartoris (1929) revealed Faulkner's fuller development as a writer. For the first time he entered his fictional country and began to create a world of his own.■ With Sartoris his training as a writer came to a close. His next book, The Sound and the Fury (1929), was definitely the mature work of a major author.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ In 1930 As I Lay Dying came out, and what had apparently begun to worry him was the lack of critical acclaim for his work. He then contrived the sexually aggressive and sensational plot of Sanctury (1931) to shock the public into a kind of recognition.William Faulkner (1897-1962) ■ Of Faulkner's literary works, 3 novels are masterpieces:□ The Sound and the Fury D Light inAugust 匚 Absalom,Absalom!□ Go Down, MosesWilliam Faulkner (1897-1962) ■ During the next ten years hecontinued to work on hisYoknapatawpha county. His majorworks such as Light in August 932),Absalom, Absalom! 936), and GoDown, Moses (1942) appeared one after another.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ Here the deep South is delineated in as minute detail as possible・ Indeed, Faulkner's works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha saga,u one connected story,” one “mythical kingdom."William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ He writes about the histories of a number of southern aristocratic families and traces them back to the very beginning when the Chickasaw Indians were still lawful owners of the land.William Faulkner (1897-1962)■ In the very rise of these family fortunes, Faulkner sees their in evitable fall. These white settlers may have dreamed, built great houses with confidence and courage, and achieved a degree of success in their golden past, but they can not escape the defeat to which they are doomed from the very outset, for they have displaced the Indians and enslaved the Black race・William Faulkner (1897-1962)■What Faulkner is talking about concerns not merely the American South but the human situation in general. The spiritual deterioration which characterizes modern life stems directly from the loss of love and want of emotional response.The Sound and the Fury■ The Sound and the Fury tells a story of deterioration from the past to thepresent. The past it idealized to form astriking contrast with the lovelesspresent. There is in the book an acutefeeling of nostalgia toward the happypast.The Sound and the Fury■ Quentin*s section offers a good illustration. A miserable creature in the modern world, Quentin frequently casts a backward glance at the time of his childhood when life was innocent, romantic, and secure・He just cannot bring himself to come to terms with the present when is, to him, purposeless, futile, and devoid of the values which make life worth living ・The Sound and the Fury■ His suicide offers an example of a complete negation of the present. In a sense, Quentin's value system may represent Faulkner's own idea of an ideal way of life, that of an ante-bellum society.The Sound and the Fury■ With the story of Jas on whose life embodies all the vices of the modern world, the contrast between the ante-bellum society and the present one is brought out in the most poignant manner possible. The triumph of rationalism over feeling and compassion is best illustrated in this sterile and loveless individual.The Sound and the Fury■ Faulkner once said that TheSound and the Fury is a story of u lost innocence M which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.Faulkner's Style■ Faulkner has always been regarded as a man with great might of invention and experimentation. He added to the theory of the novel as an art form and evolved his own literary strategies. To him, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represe nt the infinite possibilities inhere nt in huma n life・Therefore a writer should observe with no judgment whatsoever and reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.Faulkner's Style■ The most characteristic way of structuring his stories is to fragment the chronological time. He deliberately broke up the chrono logy of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present, in the way the montage does in a movie. The modern stream-of- consciousness technique was also frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.Faulkner's Style■ Moreover, Faulkner was good at presenting multiple points of view, which gave the story a circular form, wherein one event is centered, with various points of view radiating from it, or different people responding to the same story.Faulkner's Style■ Thus a high degree could be reached・ The other narrative techniquesFaulkner used to con struct his stories include symbolism and mythologicaland biblical allusions.A Rose for Emily■ A Rose for Emily is Faulkner's first short story published in 1930. Set in the town of Jeffers on in 丫oknapatawpha, the story focuses on Emily Grierson, an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it.A Rose for Emily■ As a descendant of the Southernaristocracy, Emily is typical of those inFaulkner's Yoknapatawpah stories whoare the symbols of the Old South butthe prisoners of the past. In this story,Faulkner makes best use of the Gothicdevices in narrati on.Quote 1■ When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectable affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man・ servant—a combinedgardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.(Selected Readings 617-618)Quote 2■ Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair. (Selected Readings 629)。
福克纳William Faulkner简介
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A representative of the writers using stream of consciousness.
I. Life and Career
1925, first novel published, Soldier’s Pay 《军饷》
1929, two novels: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury 1929-1942, most productive: 2 short-story collections, a
Mr. Compson is an alcoholic. Mrs. Compson is a selfabsorbed hypochondriac who depends almost entirely upon Dilsey to raise her four children. Quentin, the oldest child, is a sensitive bundle of neuroses. Caddy, his sister, is stubborn, but loving and compassionate. Quentin commited suicide after Caddy's losing her virginity and their family's decline. Jason has been difficult and mean-spirited since birth and is largely spurned by the other children. Benjy is severely mentally disabled, an “idiot” with no understanding of the concepts of time or morality.
William Faulkner 威廉 福克纳
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William Faulkner 威廉福克纳(1897-1962)William Faulkner ranks with Ernest Hemingway as one of the leading American authors of the Twentieth Century. Faulkner, like Robert Frost, was a regionalist, who spent most of his life in a small, particular area of the United States, writing about the scenes and people he knew best. Faulkner’s region was the Deep South, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war and destruction. He invented a county and a town in his imagination very similar to his own part of Mississippi, and he wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces: the old, decaying upper class; the rising,ambitious, unscrupulous class of “poor whites”; and the Negroes who labored for both of them. Most of his stories take place in this imaginary Yoknapatawpha County, and concern members of the same families at different times in history. 他的多数故事都发生在他构想的Yoknapatawpha县,他笔下的人物不是一次写完,同一人物会在几本书中,在不同历史时期反复出现。
热点作家15 福克纳(原卷版)——2021年中考考前现代文阅读热点作家预测系列
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热点作家15 福克纳一、人物简介威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner 1897年9月25日-1962年7月6日),美国文学史上最具影响力的作家之一,意识流文学在美国的代表人物,1949年诺贝尔文学奖得主,获奖原因为"因为他对当代美国小说做出了强有力的和艺术上无与伦比的贡献"。
他一生共写了19部长篇小说与120多篇短篇小说,其中15部长篇与绝大多数短篇的故事都发生在约克纳帕塔法县,称为"约克纳帕塔法世系"。
其主要脉络是这个县杰弗生镇及其郊区的属于不同社会阶层的若干个家族的几代人的故事,时间从1800年起直到第二次世界大战以后。
世系中共600多个有名有姓的人物在各个长篇、短篇小说中穿插交替出现。
最有代表性的作品是《喧哗与骚动》。
二、主要作品《士兵的报酬》Soldiers' Pay 1926《蚊群》Mosquitoes 1927《沙多里斯》Sartoris 1929《喧哗与骚动》The Sound and the Fury 1929《我弥留之际》As I Lay Dying 1930《圣殿》Sanctuary 1931《八月之光》Light in August 1932《塔门》Pylon 1935《押沙龙,押沙龙!》Absalom, Absalom! 1936《不败者》The Unvanquished 1938《野棕榈》The Wild Palms 1939《村子》The Hamlet 1940《去吧,摩西》Go Down, Moses 1942《坟墓的闯入者》Intruder in the Dust 1948三、荣誉殿堂1.1939年1月福克纳登上《时代周刊》封面,在好莱坞的日子,他一共赚了21000美元。
1938年2月,他买下了320英亩的"绿野农场"。
同年他在《哈泼斯》月刊上发表了短篇小说《烧马棚》,并获欧·亨利奖。
A ROSE FOR EMILY作者介绍
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1910 年昆丁自杀的那个日子,刚好是“圣体节”的 第 八天。作品与原型既有对应关系、又有反讽关系。福 克纳在这里的影射是非常明显的:耶稣竟像白痴一样 只 会发出一些毫无意义的声音而别无他法,福克纳借助 “耶稣”的无奈,揭示了代表着南方旧传统体制的康 普生家族的没落,即使是上帝的超自然力也是无可挽 回的。作品的主题由于宗教文化的渲染得到进一步深 化。
三、悲剧意识
福克纳的作品所描述的多是发生在南方的悲剧故事。 福克纳总是把聪明、敏感而又富有理想的。人物与20 世纪的社会相碰撞,从而表现他们失去家园的悲惨命 运。他的主题大多与这种碰撞有关。他的小说中人物 的结局几乎都是悲剧性的,这是因为,这些人或者无 法摆脱过去的传统思想和世俗观念,或者受到社会道 德和宗教机构的层层束缚,人们丧失了对自己的存在 和自然反应的机会。
福克纳与“约克纳帕塔法世系小说”
所谓“约克纳帕塔法”就是福克纳以他家乡
的风土人情、地理环境为依据,为他的小说 创作虚构出来的一个典型的美国南方县份的 名称。这个县的模特儿便是法克纳家族近百 年来生存和开发的拉菲特地区,而县城杰逊 镇就是以奥克斯福特为样板的。福克纳多达 15部以上的小说故事发生在那里,后来形成 了文学评论家所说的“约克纳帕塔法世系小 说”。
福克纳坚信自己熟悉的家乡和人民是他进行文学创作 发挥想象力的最可靠的源泉。“我发现我家乡的那块 邮票般大小的地方值得一写,只怕我一辈子也写完, 我 只要化实为虚,就可以放手充分发挥我那点小小的才 华。我可以像上帝一样,把这些人调来调去,不受时 空的限制。结果非常成功,至少在我看来效果极好。” 于是,一个个人物、一个个家族的故事开始在想象中 繁殖,场面和情节开始衍生,想象力不断地涌现。
威廉·福克纳
William Faulkner ( 1897-1962)
威廉福克纳 简介
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Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
一个有志于文学创作的青年,应当从头学习去认识和描写人类心灵的挣 扎与劳苦,他应当这样告诫自己:永远忘却恐惧。充实地致力于创作的 心灵的只应是人类亘古至今一直存在的真实感情、真理、自豪、爱情和 牺牲精神。没有这古老而永恒的东西,任何作品都将是昙花一现,瞬息 即逝。一个文学青年,在懂得这些之前的所有创作,都将是徒劳的,他 所描写的不是爱情而是肉欲,他所记述的失败里不会有人失去任何有价 值的东西,他所描绘的胜利中也没有希望,更没有同情和怜悯。他的悲 哀,缺乏普遍的基础,留不下丝毫伤痕。他所描述的不是人类的心灵, 而是人类的内分泌物。
比如在“天刚亮,白昼来临,在那阴郁寂寞的间歇里充满了鸟儿 们宁静而暂时的活跃”之后紧接上一个比喻:“吸入的空气,有如 清泉”。
福克纳诺贝尔奖致辞(William Faulkner: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work --a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand where I am standing. 我觉得,诺贝尔文学奖并不是授给我个人的,而是授给我的创作——我的既 不为虚名,也不为厚利,而是以人类精神为素材,为了创造出未曾有过的事 物,经历了心灵的煎熬和劳苦的创作。所以,这个奖只是一时托我保管罢了。 至于这笔奖金,要把它运用得与本奖设置的原旨和意义相符合,并不是难事。 我也想把这份荣誉以同样方式加以使用。我要利用这个演说的机会,向一切 已经献身于同样心灵的煎熬与劳苦,而且有朝一日必有可能会站在我现在站 着的地方的青年男女,说几句话。
福克纳
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福克纳坚信自己熟悉的家乡和人民是他进行文学创作 发挥想象力的最可靠的源泉。“我发现我家乡的那块 邮票般大小的地方值得一写,只怕我一辈子也写完, 我 只要化实为虚,就可以放手充分发挥我那点小小的才 华。我可以像上帝一样,把这些人调来调去,不受时 空的限制。结果非常成功,至少在我看来效果极好。” 于是,一个个人物、一个个家族的故事开始在想象中 繁殖,场面和情节开始衍生,想象力不断地涌现。
二、宗教色彩
福克纳在新教占统治地位的南方长大,而且长期生活 在 它的影响下, 他的文学想象必然带有这样的宗教色彩 , 在福克纳的作品中本能地大量使用基督教典故,明显 表现出基督教思想和意识。在福克纳的小说中,最直 接 最明显地使用基督教故事的是《寓言》。在《喧哗与 骚动》中,故事和结构都是以耶稣基督受难的时间为 背景的。1928 年的三个日期,恰是那一年的基督受 难 日、复活节前和复活节;
获奖感言
“对于一个作家和一个文艺工作者来说,占领他的 工作全部时间的应该是人类内心古老的真理、那些 亘古不变的真理,是爱、荣耀、怜悯、自豪、同情 和牺牲,除非他去铭记这些真理,如果他不铭记这 些真理,那么他只是在诅咒的阴影里写作,因为他 写的不是爱而是情欲,他写的失败里没有人失去任 何真正有价值的东西,他的胜利里面看不到希望, 最糟糕的是人们从这里面看不到悲悯和同情,他写 的哀伤里面留不下真正的伤痕,他写的不是心灵而 是内分泌。”
《喧哗与骚动》
《喧哗与骚动》通过康普生一家的没落,为南方传统和贵 族精神谱写了一曲挽歌。 “南方骑士”昆丁对老南方传统恋恋不舍,不过,他虽然 保留了贵族式的骄傲,却缺乏适应社会变化的能力,最终 以自杀的方式逃避现实。杰生顺应潮流,完全抛弃了贵族 价值体系,却同时丧失了人性,那种资产者的实利主义和 市侩精神,残忍、自私得令人发指。班吉的思想纯真得像 一面镜子,但是没有思考的能力,只不过是一个无法自理 的善良的白痴。凯蒂曾经天真活泼,充满活力,然而后来 失足堕落,彻底摧毁了南方淑女形象。一家人的手足相残, 更是破坏了南方重视家庭与亲情的传统。在福克纳笔下, 老南方已经彻底解体,新南方却又异化充斥,在绝望之中, 唯有正直、善良、乐观的劳动者迪尔西,体现出人性复活 的人道主义理想,那也正是南方的希望所在。
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I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.
William Faulkner
(1897-1962)
---One of the greatest writer in 20th century
---initiator of Southern Renaissance ---one of the most influential modernist novel writers in the West
所以我们今天的悲剧带有普遍性和全 球性,这种肉体的恐惧由来已久,绵 延至今。以致我们几乎难以承受。精 神不再被关注,人们只关注一个问题: 我什么时候才能一鸣惊人?
Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
(P4)只有当他重温了这些,他写作起 来才会如同亲临其境,如同亲历人的 结局。我不屑于接受人的终结。谁都 可以脱口说出:人是不朽的,就因为 他可以忍耐;在夜幕四合时分,即便 临终的钟声在残阳映照的最后一块荒 芜的枯石上响过、消逝,仍将还有一 个声音:他的声音仍在叙述,微弱而 不绝如缕。我拒绝接受这些。
4. It is the poet’s, the writer’s privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice. (Para.4)
experimented in the use of stream-of-consciousness technique and in the dislocation of narrative time.
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
(Para.1)I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -- a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but tБайду номын сангаас create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.
---the Nobel Prize in 1949
An American novelist and poet whose works feature his native state of Mississippi regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature.
(Para.2) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up?
命一般地短暂 - -爱或荣誉或怜悯或自豪或同情或牺牲。
如果不这样做,他的一切劳作都会受到魔咒。 他所描绘 的不是爱情而是肉欲,他所记述的失败里不会有人失去任 何有价值的东西,他所描绘的胜利中也没有希望,更没有 同情和怜悯。他的悲哀,缺乏普遍的基础,留不下丝毫痕 迹。他所描述的不是人类的心灵,而是人类的内分泌物。
我觉得诺贝尔奖不是授予我这个人的,而是 授予我的作品,一部生命的作品,里面充满 了人类精神的痛苦与汗水;它无关荣耀,更 无关金钱,只关乎于在人类精神中创造的、 从来不曾存在的素材。
So this award is only mine in trust. …...
所以,这个奖只是对我的信任。尽 管我们不难发现这个奖项在金钱方 面作出的充分贡献、体现了创始的 目的和意义,但我仍然要和这些掌 声和喝彩一道,把这个时刻作为一 个高台,让那些有志献身于同样的 痛苦和辛劳的年轻人听到我的声音; 在他们当中,某天必定会有人站在 我站的这里。
★Achievements
Winner of the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature(诺贝 尔文学奖) regarded as an important interpreter of the universal theme of "the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself“
Faulkner in Hollywood
In the university of Virginia campus
literary career:
Faulkner's most celebrated novels ★ The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》
(1929) As I Lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》 Light in August 《八月之光》 Absalom, Absalom 《押沙龙, 押沙龙!》
Main idea
1.Only the human heart in conflict with itself is worth writing. (Para.2) 2.The basest of all things is to be afraid. Writers should remember forever that good writing reflects the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. (Para.3)
(William Faulkner 1897—1962)
• ★Works are famous
for multiple(多重的 ) narrations and time shifts within narrative. • Works are known to be very challenging and difficult.
我相信,人不仅仅能够忍耐,他还能 够超越。他之所以不朽,不是因为在 芸芸众生中唯独他可以发出不绝如缕 的声音,而在于他有心灵,他的精神 中可以容纳同情、牺牲和坚忍。
一个诗人,一个作家,他的天职就是 描写这些事情。诗人和作家的特权就 是帮助一个人升华心灵,学会忍耐; 就是唤醒他的勇气,他的荣誉,他的 希望,他的自豪,他的同情心,他的 牺牲精神。这些都是他往日的荣光。 诗人的声音不必仅仅是人的纪录,它 可以是一个工具,是帮助他忍耐和超 越的支柱。
Main idea
3.Man will not merely endure, he will prevail. He is immortal because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. (Para.4)
故此,如今年轻人在写作时忘记了人 类内心的冲突,而这种冲突本身就可 以造就优秀的文字,因为只有它才值 得书写,才值得痛苦和流汗。
(P3)人们必须重温这些,必须教会自己:一切事物中最基
本的东西才最值得敬畏;并且,还要教会自己,没齿不忘,
永远在自己的工作室里为亘古不变的心灵的真理留出位置;
离开这些亘古不变的真理,任何小说都注定如浮游朝菌生
regarded as one of the leading American writers in the literary history of the United States; ★a representative of the writers using stream of consciousness