(完整版)高中英语语法复习《主谓一致》教案.doc

主谓一致

主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：

语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。

而是取决于意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，

主语的单复数意义。

谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，

决定。

I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致

V.一些句型结构的主谓一致（定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）

VI.其他结构中的主谓一致

I.以–s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

1.以–s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语

2.以–ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语

3.以–s 结尾的地理名词作主语

4.以–s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语

5.* 以–ings 结尾的动名词作主语

6.其他以–s 结尾的名词

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。

1. 通常用作复数的集合名词

这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin

等。在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.

Cattle provide us with milk and beef.

People 解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。

e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.

2.通常用作单数的集合名词

machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage 等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形

式。

e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than expected.

All the machinery here is made in China.

3.既能作复数又能做数的集合名

名作主，的复数形式主要取决于集合名在上下文中的具体含。

当作主的集合名的是一个整体或，用数形式

当作主的集合名的是整体中的个体或成，用复数形式。

有： committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd,

class, school, army, flock, herd, village等。

e.g. A committee was asked to investigate the case. (委会一个整体)

The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. ( 委会个) The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. (委会个)

The committee are divided in opinion. ( 委会中的每个委)

The committee are at dinner. ( 委会中的每个委)

My family is a big one. ( 家庭一个整体)

My family are all diligent workers. (家庭中的所有成)

The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. (用复数形式，与their 呼，众中的每个成)

The class consists of 45 students. (班个整体)

The class are unable to decide a monitor. ( 里的 class 班中的每一个成)

The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has hard. ( 牛群一整体The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. ( 牛群中的每一个个体The village were all against the project. ( 村庄里的村民) )

)

4.其他：

当主是由 a committee/ board/ panel of 构成的短，通常用数形式。 e.g. A

committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degree.

A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition.

The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

1.用 and 或 both ⋯ and ⋯接的并列主

当 and 或 both ⋯ and ⋯接的并列主表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，

通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，通常用数形式。

e.g. Blue and yellow make green.

You and I are good friends.

The great scholar and poet is now dead.

The great scholar and the poet are now dead

The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.

Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.

Egg and milk is a good breakfast. ( 里的蛋和牛奶都指一早，不可分割)