直引变间引语讲解w
2024年新概念英语L133-135直引变间引课件
“Do you know my name?”
是否
She asked me Whether / if I knew her name.
“Are you at home yesterday?” She asked me Whether / if I was at home
the day before.
直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：
1）直接引语为陈述句 2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊 疑问句） 3）直接引语为祈使句
陈述句: 连词(that)引导，that常省略
e.g. He often says,“China is great.” → He often says (that) China is great. Tom says,“I am a student.” → Tom says (that) he is a student. He says,“I leave my book in your room”
３. He said, “I’ll come here this morning.” He said he__w_o__u_ld_ go there that morning
４. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _h__a_d_f_in_i_s_h_e_d his homework.
3)My teacher said, ‘‘ she is a good student. ’’ My teacher said __s_h_ewas a good student
4) He said to me,“ I’ve left her book in your room”
直接引语变间接引语的转换
直接引语变间接引语的转换：〔一〕如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主〞是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. 〞→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾〞是指直接引语变间接引语时，假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称。
如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?〞→ He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新〞是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.〞→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good work er.〔二〕时态的变化①如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.〞------- He says that he has been writing a novel.He says:"that's all right."----- He says that's all right.②如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。
具体变化见下表：She said:"I am a student."------- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said："He will go to see his friend"-----She said he would go to see his friend.(一般将来时变成过去将来时) Tom said:"I am going to play basketball tomorrow."The teacher said, “You are doing OK.〞老师说：“你们干得很不错。
直接引语和间接引语讲解
today 今天
that day 那天
this week (month, etc.) that week (month, etc.)
本星期（月等）
那个星期（月等）
Yesterday 昨天
the day before 前一天
the day before 前一天 two days before 前两天
last week (year, etc.) the day before the day before
He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.
3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.” 格言
He said that Rome isn’t built in a day. 4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”
时态不变化：
①直接引语是客观真理 “The moon moves around the earth”, the
teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
上星期（去年）
前一周（年等）
three days (a year, et.) ago three days (a year etc.) before
三天（一年等）以前
前三天（一年等）
tomorrow 明天
the next (following) day 次日
直接引语和间接引语精讲
直接引语和间接引语精讲一. 直接引语和间接引语完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引语。
间接引语是用引述人的语言把被引述的原话内容转述出来。
引述时，原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。
（一）人称代词和物主代词的转变一般间接引语的主述人是第三者向其他人转述，因此由直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词和物主代词有下面的转变：直接引语间接引语I he/ sheMe him/ herwe theyus themyou he/ she/ they/ him/ her/ themmy his/ hermine his/ hersour theirours theirsyour his / theiryours his/ theirs例如：He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”He said that he had lost his umbrella.She said, “The book on the table is mine.”She said the book on the table was hers.但是，如果引述人不同或具体情况不同，人称代词和物主代词的转变也随之不同。
“I know,” said Crawley, “but I love to hear you say it.”1. Crawley answered that he knew, but he loved to hear me say it.2. I (Crawley) answered that I knew but I loved to hear him/ her say it.3. 第三者转述a. 第三者转告其他人Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear him/ her say it.b. 第三者提醒听话者Crawley answered that he knew but he loved to hear you say it.c. 第三者复述给说话者You (Crawley) answered that you knew, but you loved to hear him/ her say it.（二）时态的转变1. 主句的时态是过去时，直接引语的谓语动词按照时态一致的原则，在变成间接引语时做如下的变化：直接引语间接引语现在一般时态过去一般时态过去一般时态过去完成时态将来一般时态过去一般将来时态现在进行时态过去进行时态过去进行时态过去完成进行时态将来进行时态过去将来进行时态现在完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态现在完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态将来完成进行时态过去将来完成进行时态例如“I am afraid that arguments don‟t make a difference..”said he with a smile.He said with a smile that he was afraid that arguments didn‟t make a difference.So he sai d to me, “You don‟t know what you are talking about.”So he said to me I didn‟t know what I was talking about.“I did not suppose that you had done it on purpose.” she said.She said that she had not supposed that he had done it on purpose.“I have won the match already.” claimed my friend.My friend claimed that he had won the match already.I said，“I shall be there.”I said I should be there.2. 主句谓语动词虽然是过去时，但在下面情况中间接引语的谓语动词时态不变。
十五、直接引语和间接引语
telephone rings. ”(将直接引语改为间接引语)
Tony said that
singing when the telephone
rang.
4. (2011·济南中考)My friend asked me, “Can you make fruit
salad? ”(改写句子, 句意不变)
My friend asked me
十五、直接引语和间接引语
考点 直接引语变间接引语
【考点探究】
1. “I can’t find my wallet. ”he said to me.
He
me that he
wallet.
2. She said, “Are you from the south? ”
She asked
I
from the south.
(二)时态的变化
Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”→Tom said (that) he usually got up at six.
汤姆说他通常六点起床。 Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ” →Mike told me he had walked to school the day before. 迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。 Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ” →Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。
Bob told me, “I had lived here for years before I moved out. ”
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化。
二、直接引语1、句式的变化直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”——>He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”——> He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
直接间接引语 讲解
二.分类. 1.（直）陈述句：主句谓语动词最常用的是 say,tell 。区别：tell后面必须跟表示人称 的间接宾语(tell sb…..)，而say后面则可跟 或不跟 to +讲话对象。 eg.1) He said, “I am afraid I can’t finish the work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work. 2) He said, “I’ve not heard from him since May.” He said that he hadn’t heard form him since May.
2.(直）疑问句：主句谓语动词常用ask。 1)一般疑问句：转述一般疑问句时必须使用if / whether，不可省略。助动词 do/does/did 在 转述句里消失。 Eg.He said, “Are you interested in English?”----He asked if I was interested in English. He said, “Did you see him last night?” He asked if I had seen him the day before.
5)yesterday---the day before: She said, “ I went there yesterday.”--She said that she had gone there the day before. 6)tomorrow---the next day/the following day: She said, “ I’ll go there tomorrow.” She said that she would go there the next day/the following day. 7)ago---before: She said, “He left 30 minutes ago.”--She said that he had left 30 minutes before. 8)here---there: He said, “My sister was here one week ago.”--He said his sister had been there one week before.
间接引语 直接引语和间接引语的转换和用法
间接引语直接引语和间接引语的转换和用法一、引言在日常生活和写作中，我们经常会使用引语来引述他人的观点、言论或事实。
引语的使用有两种形式，即直接引语和间接引语。
本文将重点探讨直接引语和间接引语的转换和用法。
二、直接引语直接引语是将他人的原始言辞完全、准确地引述出来，使用双引号将其框起，并正确地标明出处。
比如，原文中的句子为：“I like swimming.”（我喜欢游泳。
）。
三、直接引语的特点直接引语有以下几个特点：1. 语句结构不变：在直接引语中，句子的结构、语法和标点符号都应与原文保持一致。
2. 要保持准确性：直接引语要保证准确地表达出原作者的原始意思，不可进行任何偏差或添加个人观点。
3. 引用标点符号：在直接引语中，应当使用恰当的引号将原文括起，并标明引用的来源。
四、间接引语间接引语是将原始言辞转述成自己的话叙述出来，不用引号括起，可以对原文进行适当调整和修改。
比如，原文中的句子为：“I like swimming.”（我喜欢游泳。
），转换成间接引语可以说，“She said that she likes sw imming.”（她说她喜欢游泳。
）。
五、间接引语的特点间接引语有以下几个特点：1. 语句结构可变：在间接引语中，我们可以调整原句的语序、时态、人称等，以使其更好地融入我们的文章。
2. 原文改述：间接引语应当准确地表达原作者的原始意思，但可以进行适度的调整和修正，以使其更符合整篇文章的风格和语气。
3. 无需引号：在间接引语中，不需要使用引号将原文括起，只需在后文中标明引用的来源即可。
六、直接引语转换为间接引语当我们需要将直接引语转换为间接引语时，需要注意以下几点：1. 更改引号和标点符号：去掉直接引语中的引号，更改标点符号的位置。
2. 改变人称、时态、语态等：根据需要，适当调整原句中的人称、时态和语态。
3. 更改连接词：在引语前面加上适当的引导词，如“他说”、“她表示”等。
七、间接引语转换为直接引语相比于将直接引语转换为间接引语，将间接引语转换为直接引语相对较简单。
直接引语变间接引语(详细篇)
Homework
homework.doc
变间接引语时，用that引导， （that在口语中常被省略）
注：间接引语的人称、时态、
指示代词、时间状语、地点状 语等都要做相应的变化。
1、人称的变化（从句主语的变化） （1）一随主： she said “I am 15.” --she said (that) she was 15.
口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变。
指示代词
时 间 状 语
this,
these
now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago the day before yesterday tomorrow next month
地点状语 方向性动词 情态动词
here come, bring can, may, must
直接引语变间接引语
I am the king of the whole world.
What does the lion say?
一、定义
直接引语：直接引述别人的话，有引号。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，没
有引号。大多数情况下构成宾 语从句。
二、陈述句的转述
直接引语如果是一个陈述句，
4、直接引语是祈使句，
间接引语应改为“tell （ask，order，beg等） sb. to do sth.”的句型
4.祈使句
Little boy, put on your coat.
(They ordered )
Little boy, put on your coat.
They ordered Little boy put on your coat. to put his
直引变间引
第一人称与主语的人称保持一致 简称：一随主 • He says, ' I will do it tomorrow.' • He says that he will do it tomorrow.
• She says,' I like tennis.' • She says that she likes tennis.
直接引语变间接引语
直接引语与间接引语的定义
直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话
He says, ’ I will do it tomorrow‘.
间接引语： 转述别人的话
He says (that) he will do it tomorrow.
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 引导词that 可以省略
• She says,' She likes tennis.' • She says that she likes tennis.
直接引语变间接引语人称变化
• 一随主 • 二随宾 • 三不变
Exercises
1. She says to me,' I will see you next week.' 2.Lucy says to Peter,'You must arrive home early.' 3.My brother says to me,'You need an X-ray.' 4.My sister says,' She feels tired.' 5.He says,'I will visit my daughter in March.'
主句是一般过去时，从句的时态要 做出相应的改变．
直接引语变间接引语语序的变化
2.She asked Tom, “Are you from England?” She asked Tom____________ England. if/whether ____ he ____from was
3.I asked him, “Who bought you this new car?” I asked him _____ who _____ had _______ bought him that new car.
直接引语变间接引语 语序的变化
知识点
引述别人的话有两种方式
直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话 间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话 “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. 直接引语
He told me that he had found his wallet.
间接引语
4.“Don’t tell him the terrible news.” she said. tell him the terrible news. She told me ______ not _____ to _____ 5.Amy said, “What an honest boy my brother is!”
原疑问词+陈述句
ask/tell… sb （not） to do sth what/ parents and where do they live?” the policeman asked me. ——> The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived. She asked me, "When do they leave for Paris?"
直接引语变间接引语的讲解
I will call you tomorrow.
“What are you doing?”
She asked me
what
I was doing.
“Why do you like English?”
He asked me
why
I liked English
“Where does he live?”
Summary(总结)
When do you have math? ( They asked him )
1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语
you have math
They asked him when
you have math. he had
They asked him when he had math.
口诀 说明
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
直接引语
She said,“ I like Tennis.”
间接引语
She said that she liked tennis
一 随 主
二 随 宾 三 不 变
He said to Lily, “ you must get up early”
He told Lily that she must get up early
引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变
She said to me , “ They want to help him”
She told me that they wanted to help him
直接引语时态
间接引语时态
I can speak three languages.
直接引语变间接引
★ 当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的顺口溜 是： 去掉引号加that, 人称变化要灵活； 时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。
She said, “My brother doesn’t want to go there.” → She said that her brother didn’t want to go there.
★对于人称变化，请大家记住的顺口溜是： 第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语； 宾语若是不存在，活用代词 I, me, my. →
He said to her, “Are you interested in English?” →
He asked her if she was interested in English. The teacher said, “Where have you been?” → The teacher asked me (us) where I (we) had 现在你能理解我讲 been.
的语法吗？还有Leabharlann 点点没讲哟！相信 你自己 一定已经是语法专 家，因为有这为语 法大师在现场为你
直接引语变间接引语的时态对应表： 直接引语的时态
一般现在时 一般将来时
间接引语的时态
一般过去时 过去将来时
现在进行时 一般过去时
现在完成时
过去进行时 过去完成时
过去完成时
（过去完成时的时态不变）
★ 当直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的顺 口溜是： 去掉引号加if, 陈述语序要记住； 时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。 I asked her, “Do you study English here?” → I asked her if she studied English there.
直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项
直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项直接引语变间接引语（⼀）⼈称的转变1.直接引语中的第⼀⼈称，⼀般转换为第三⼈称，如：He said，“I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry.2.直接引语中的第⼆⼈称，如果原话是针对转述⼈说的，转换为第⼀⼈称，如：“You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me.My father told me that I should be morecareful the next time.3.直接引语中的第⼆⼈称，如果原话是针对第三⼈称说的，转换成第三⼈称。
如：She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”She said to her son that she would checkhis homework that night.4.⼈称的转换包括⼈称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this after noon?”He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之，⼈称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
(⼆)时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态⽅⾯要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下：⼀般现在时⼀般过去时现在进⾏时过去进⾏时现在完成时过去完成时⼀般将来时过去将来时⼀般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进⾏时不变如：1.“I am very glad to visit your school”, shesaid.She said she was very glad to visit ourschool.2.Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.3.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.4.He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.5.“Why did she refuse to go there?”the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.6.Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.7.Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ”Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.8.He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days. ” He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.(三)时间状语、地点状语的变化1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，主句尽管是过去时态，变成间接引语时，时态仍然⽤⼀般现在时态。
直接引语变间接引语
直接引语变间接引语的口诀妙学人称变化口诀：第一个人称变更怎么办？“一主、二宾、三不变”若是自引自的话，听者不变称不变。
解析：1）“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。
如：He sad，“I am forty，”→He said that he was forty.2）“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。
如：He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day.3）“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。
如：He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→He asked if she was an English teacher. 2.疑问句变化口诀---- 一变，二换，三变化，四连词：解析：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时要注意：1）一变即改变语序；2）二换即换said为asked；3）三变化，即人称、时态要变化；4）四连词即为原来为一般疑问句时，间接引语中用whether或if，原来为特殊疑问句时，间接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。
3.祈使句变化口诀---- 一改，二变，三加，四去：去掉引号要加to,asked、ordered 加“告诉”（told）,直引若为否定句，not加在to前部。
解析：祈使句变成间接引语时，根据说话人的语气分别用beg, tell, ask, order等作谓语，将原来的祈使句改为动词不定时。
1）Said (to)改为asked (或told, ordered);2）Said to的宾语或呼吁变成asked等的宾语；3）在动词原形前加to,使之成为动词不定式；经过对口诀的理解和记忆，相信各位再碰到直接引语变间接引语时定能够得心应手了。
在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。
经典直接引语变间接引语
讲解注意点
直接引语变间接引语要注意以下 变化。
• 连接词 • 语序 • 时态 • 指代(人称、指示代词、时间状
语和地点状语)
注意连接词的变化
1.直接引语为陈述句，用that做连接词。 • He said, “Jim likes it very much.” • → He said that he liked it very much. 2.直接引语为一般疑问句，用if或wether做连接词。
you for a long time.” →Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.
直接引语改变为间接引语
2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从 属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。 Lily said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?”
• →He asked his little sister not to cry any more.
What did Garfield say?
I’m lazy. He said he was lazy.
I’m hard-working sometimes. He said he was hard-working sometimes. I’m good at riding motorbikes. He said he was good at riding motorbikes. I’m better at dancing than singing.
He said he was better at dancing than singing.
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
直接引语和间接引语用法讲解一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。
一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。
（直接引语）Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
（宾语从句是间接引语）从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。
现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I改为he, it不变)He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。
直接引语变间接引语
第一部分学生版一、基本概念理解1.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，并把它放在引号内，即为直接引语（Direct speech），如：She said, “I am very happy to help you.”2.间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，即为间接引语（相当于一个宾语从句），如：She told me (that) she would telephone him that evening.二、直接引语变间接引语三大变．．．1.人称变化：根据转述人的立场作相应变化，具体变化规则：（1）“一随主”：若直接引语中有第一人陈，变间接引语时应与主句中主语的人称保持一致；◆直接引语中的代词为第一人称时，在间接引语中必须与主句主语保持一致，如：Tom says, “I’m from America.”→（2）“二随宾”：若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称保持一致；◆直接引语中的代词为第二人称时，在间接引语中和主句的宾语保持一致，如：She asked me, “Where do you live?”→（3）“第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
◆直接引语中的代词为第三人称时，在间接引语中保持不变，如：Kate said, “They like reading.”→【特别点拨】人称的变化包括：人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的变化。
2.时态变化3.指示代词、地点及时间状语的变动三、直接引语变间接引语的句式变化1.直接引语为陈述句时：用连接词that引导，人称、时态、状语作相应变化。
如：Mr. Blade said, “I made the plan yesterday afternoon.”→ Mr. Blade said that“I am living here now,” she said.→ She said that●学法点拨：2.直接引语为一般疑问句时：用whether或if 引导，疑问语序变陈述语序。
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直接引语和间接引语
一．直接引语：当引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语。
间接引语：当引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。
1. She said ,” I like English very much. （她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。
）
2. She said she liked English very much. （她说她非常喜欢英语。
）
二．直接引语变间接引语的变化形式
1.人称代词和指示代词的变化
2.时态的变化
一般现在时→一般过去时
一般将来时→过去将来时
一般过去时→过去完成时
现在进行时→过去进行时
现在完成时→过去完成时
过去完成时→过去完成时
3.时间状语的变化
now → then last month → the month before
today → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night yesterday → the day before
this week → that week next month → the next month
the day after tomorrow → in two days tomorrow → the next day
here → there
come → go
三．直接引语变为间接引语的情况
1.直接引语为陈述句
（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。
He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”
→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.
如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。
He said to me, “Your bike is broken.”
→He told me that my bike was broken.
2直接引语如是一般疑问句,变为间引时,需从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要变Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?”
→Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.
3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变间引时,需用疑问词引导,词序是：连+主+谓。
Lucy said to me, “How can I help?”→Lucy asked me how she could help.
4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order.
He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”
→He asked the little boy to go there.。