英国文学专业术语翻译

01. Humanism (人文主义)

Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance(文艺复兴). 2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.

02. Renaissance (文艺复兴)

The word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of $2 and >the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and > the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.

03. Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌)

Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John >with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love >the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical

periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common >the imagery is drawn from actual life.

04. Classism (古典主义)

Classism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient $2 and $2. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.

05. Enlightenment (启蒙运动)

Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th > the movement was a furtherance(助长) of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th >its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic >it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal >famous among the great enlighteners in $2 were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift.

06. Neoclassicism (新古典主义)

In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought

about a revival of interest in the old classical >this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French > they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.

07. The Graveyard School (墓地派诗歌)

1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.

2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.

08. Romanticism (浪漫主义)

1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to $2.

2>it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.