2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 BookI Unit13教学案 人教大纲版
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 BookI Unit13教学案人教大纲版
v.(使)适合;符合；适应；配合
adj.合适的；健康的；适合……的
例：These shoes are a perfect fit.
这双鞋子很合脚。
This jacket fits me well.
这件夹克很合我的身。
Why,the key doesn’t fit the lock!
哎呀，这把钥匙不是这把锁的。
We meet next week.Do you know a fit place?
我们下星期要开会，你知道有什么合适的场所吗？
What kind of job is he fit for?
他适合什么样的工作？
I have no dress fit to wear in public.
我没有适合公共场合穿的衣服。
It is not fit for you to talk like that.
=It is not fit that you(should)talk like that.
你那样说很不得当。
Exercise keeps you fit.运动能使你保持健康。
链接·提示
(1)fit用作名词时常与不定冠词连用；用作动词时一般表示衣服的尺寸大小适合某人穿。如果表示衣服的款式或颜色适合某人，一般用suit。
(2)keep fit保持健康
(3)be fit for sth.适合某事
(4)be fit to do sth.适合干某事
练：(1)This straw hat________ me.
A.doesn’t fit for
B.isn’t fit
C.doesn’t fit
D.fits to
提示:题干中的me作选项的宾语，如果fit用作及物动词，不需要接介词，排除A、D项；B项中的fit是形容词，其后缺少介词for，排除B。故选C。
答案:C
(2)The doctors said it would be months after the operation before he ________work.
A.was fit for
B.fitted for
C.couldn’t
D.fit to
提示:be fit for sth.适合某事。
答案:A
(3)(xx全国模拟Ⅰ) —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That_________ me fine.
A.fits
B.meets
C.satisfies
D.suits
提示:本题考查动词辨析。根据句子的意思分析，此处的动词应该表示那个时间“很适合我”，而动词fit一般表示“衣服大小适合某人”，这和此处的语境不相符合；suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。故选D。
答案:D
2.develop
讲: v.发展；发生；产生；开发；加工；冲洗
例：He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.
他养成了读书记笔记的习惯。
Can you develop this film for me?
你能给我冲这个胶卷吗?
He works in a developing area in Shanghai.
他在上海的一个开发区工作。
China is a developing country while America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。
链接·提示
(1)developing adj.发展中的
(2)developed adj.发达的
练：(1)China began to________the science of agriculture earlier than other countries in the world.
A.open
e
C.master
D.develop
提示:考查动词。从句意“中国较早地开始了农业科学的发展”看，应该使用develop，表示“发展”。
答案:D
(2)—Here is the film ________.I need the pictures in 15 minutes.
—OK.But you have to pay extra charge.
A.to develop
B.to be developed
C.developed
D.developing
提示:本题考查非谓语动词作定语。动词不定式作定语有将来的含义，过去分词表被动和完成，现在分词表主动和进行。film与develop之间有被动关系，排除A、D两项；从句意看，“冲洗”这个动作还没有发生，故选B。
答案:B
短语
1.ought to
讲：该词给的义项有“应当；应该”。
ought to是情态动词词组，无人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。
例：Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?
这类事情不应该被允许，是吗？
You oughtn’t to go out to play before finishing your homework.
没完成作业，你不应该出去玩。
链接·拓展
(1)ought to have done表示“本应该做某事，却没做”。
(2)oughtn’t to have done表示“过去不应该做某事。却做了”。
练：—Has Mary finished writing her article?
—No,and it __________before class was over.
A.should be finished
B.should finish
C.should have finished
D.ought to have been finished
提示:从逻辑关系看，答语应该使用被动语态，排除B、C两项；before引导的时间状语使用的是一般过去时，文章应该在这个时间之前完成，故选D。
答案:D
2.now and then
讲：该短语的义项有“时而；不时；偶尔”。
该短语还可以写成every now and then。
例：I go to see my teachers in the primary school now and then.
我偶尔去看小学的老师。
链接·拓展
(1)now and again偶尔；有时
(2)(every)now and again时而；有时
(3)a little now and then/again偶尔；有时
(4)at times有时；不时
(5)from time to time有时；不时
(6)once in a way偶尔；间或
(7)once in a while偶尔；间或
练：In order to keep in touch with each other we all write ______,even when there’s not much to say.
A.now and then
B.by and by
C.step by step
D.more or less
提示:根据题干后半部分提供的信息，此题应选A项，now and then表示“不时地;每隔些时候就”，其余三项都与题干后半部分相矛盾。
答案:A
句型
1.only引导的倒装句型
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有这样，我们对生活中的挑战和机遇才会有充分的准备。
only和它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。
例：Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
Only when you reminded me did I know that I should have done it.
只有当你提醒我，我才知道我本应该做那事。
链接·提示
含有only的一些结构的用法归纳
(1)“only＋主语”放在句首时，句子不倒装。
(2)“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，从句不倒装，主句倒装。
(3)使用并列连词not only...but also时，如果not only置于句首引导一个分句，分句要用倒装语序；如果not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词采取就近原则。
Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.
不但向人们提供救援，还要提供医疗救助。
(4)only to do结构作结果状语，常常表示一种出乎意料的结果，且多为不愉快的结果，意为“不料、竟然、结果”。
He arrived home only to find that his house had been broken into.
他回到家，结果发现他的房子已被盗贼破门而入。
练：(1)Only after the second tower of the World Trade Center_______ did people know it was not an accident,but an attack of some kind.
A.had hit
B.did fall
C.was hit
D.was fallen
提示:依据逻辑关系确定用被动语态；依据only的用法确定答案为C。
答案:C
(2)(xx江苏南京一模) Every one of us must know: _______we live can we save the earth.
A.by changing the way only
B.only by changing the way
C.by only changing the way
D.by changing only the way
提示:依据题干中的倒装语序(can we save)确定答案为B。
答案:B
2.instead(of)构成的句型
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
Instead of eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets,we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.
不吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只须尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动。instead of后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词，其同义词为in place of。
例：Can you have the meeting on Thursday instead of Saturday?
你们能星期四而不是星期六开会吗？
He will attend the meeting instead of me.
他将代替我参加会议。
Instead of just plaining all the time,why don’t you do something about it？
别老是发牢骚，你怎么不干点事情呢？
链接·提示
(1)instead adv.代替；而是
She never studies.Instead,she plays tennis all day.
她从不学习。相反地，她整天打网球。
(2)take the place of/take one’s place 代替；取代；顶替
puters have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。
练：Don’t you believe it! Glass can _______steel in many ways in life.
A.take place of
B.take the place of
C.in place of
D.instead of
提示:in place of和instead of意思相同，它们都不能用作谓语，take the place of/take one’s place(代替；取代；顶替)可以作谓语。故选B项。
答案:B
辨析
1.keep up,keep sb.up,keep up with,catch up with
keep up“振作；使不低落”，后跟名词。
keep sb.up“使……迟睡”。比较:stay up“熬夜；不睡觉”
keep up with “赶上；不落后”，侧重于“不被落下”。
catch up with “追赶上”，侧重表示“从落后的状态追赶上”。
即时练习:
(1)________your courage/spirits.
(2)Go on in front,I’ll soon________ you.
(3)Generally speaking,people in the country can old________ customs.
(4)It’s wrong to _______the children ________so late.
(5)Teachers ought to especially care for those who can’t_______ the class.
答案:(1)Keep up (2)catch up with (3)keep up (4)keep...up (5)keep up with
2.check,examine,test,look up
check v.&n.着重在于核对、查明是否正确。
examine v.着重于通过检查这一手段去发现新的东西或情况，有时可和check换用。
test v.&n.试验；检验；考验。
look up v.查阅（词典等工具书）以获取有关的信息。
即时练习:
(1)I________ my schoolbag to see if I’ve left the pen.
(2)You must do an experiment to ________what he said.
(3)A policeman________ his bag to see if there were any drugs.
(4)When I________ my shopping list,I found I’d forgotten to buy eggs.
(5)You’d better________ the word in the dictionary if you don’t know how to use it.
(6)I can’t see things clearly;I’d like to go to the doctor’s to have my eyes ________.
答案:(1)checked (2)test (3)examined/checked (4)checked (5)look up (6)examined
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】（xx福建模拟）—Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for?
—I had planned to,but I was ￡50 ________.
A.fewer
B.less
C.cheap
D.short
提示:答语意思为:我原来计划买，但是我还缺50英镑。如果用fewer或less，句中缺少比较的成分。cheap的主语应该是物。故选D。short的意思是“不足，缺少的”。
答案:D
讲评:本题考查形容词作定语以及与之搭配名词的情况。
【例2】(xx广东模拟) He hurried to the station only_________ that the train had left.
A.to find
B.finding
C.found
D.to have found
提示:only to do表示出乎意料的结果，为不定式作状语。
答案:A
【例3】(xx天津模拟) —Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday.Have you got it? —Oh,really! I haven’t_______ my mailbox yet.
A.examined
B.reviewed
C.tested
D.checked
提示:答语的句意为:我还没有检查我的邮箱。“检查邮箱”用动词check。
答案:D
讲评:除了动词的时态和语态外，动词词义的考查也越来越成为一个重点。在平时的学习中对于近义词的词义以及搭配要特别注意。
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 BookI Unit14教学案人教大纲版
理解:要点诠释
单词
1.purpose
讲：n. 目的（可数名词）；用途；效果（不可数名词）
例：I didn’t meet him for the mere purpose of talking.
我并不是仅为了谈话才见他。
He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings.
他为了卖自己的一幅画而特意进城。
His explanation was not to the purpose.
他的解释不得要领。
链接·提示
(1)for practical purposes实际上
(2)on purpose故意；有意地(其反义词组为by chance或by accident“偶然”)
(3)answer/serve one’s purpose符合需要
(4)carry out a purpose实现目标
练：I’m sorry to have hurt you,but I didn’t do it ________.
A.on purpose
B.in mon
C.on occasion
D.on the purpose
提示:on purpose意为“故意地”;in mon意为“共同，相似”;on occasion意为“偶尔地”。从句意看应用on purpose。
答案:A
2.respect
讲：n.&v.尊敬；尊重；考虑；重视
讲：作名词时常为不可数名词，复数respects的意思为“问候，问好”，相当于regards,wishes。例：Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子应该尊敬老师。
My mother sends her respects to you.
我母亲向你问好。
If you don’t respect yourself,how can you expect others to respect you?
如果你不尊重自己，怎么期望别人尊重你？
链接·提示
respect构成的短语
(1)pay respect to 考虑；尊重
(2)with respect to关于
(3)without respect to 不管；不考虑
(4)in respect of涉及；关于；在……方面
(5)as respects就……而言;关于
练：Mr.Zhang,_______ for his bravery,gains everyone’s ______.
A.honour;respect
B.honour;respected
C.honored;respected
D.honored;respect
提示:be honored for 因……而受表彰，此处考查过去分词短语作定语。respect此处是名词。答案:D
3.gift
讲：n.礼物（同义词present）;捐赠；天才;天赋
例：He made a gift of $10 000 to his old high school.
他捐赠一万美元给他的高中母校。
He is a boy of many gifts.
他是一个多才多艺的孩子。
He has a gift for music.
他有音乐天赋。
链接·提示
(1)have a gift for sth.有……的天赋
(2)have a gift of doing sth.有做某事的天资
(3)gifted adj.有天赋的；有天资的
a gifted musician一位有天赋的音乐家
(4)skilled adj.有技术的
(5)experienced adj.有经验的
练：________he had for trade with agricultural products!
A.What a great gift
B.What a beautiful gift
C.How beautiful a present
D.How beautiful a gift
提示:have a gift for为固定词组，意思是“有……的天赋”，选项是对名词gift发出感叹，故选A。
答案:A
短语
1.take in
讲:该短语的义项有“欺骗；使上当；订阅(报刊)；听进去；领会；接活干；收留”。
例：The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
这位好心的老太太主动收容那位可怜的无家可归的陌生人。
The tour takes in some famous old castles.
这趟观光旅行包括参观若干著名的古堡。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor quality goods.
那些推销员欺骗老人，让他们购买劣质货物。
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.
花了我很长时间理解你说的话。
Can you take in this dress for me?It’s too loose round the waist.
你能把这件衣服改小一下吗？腰部太肥。
链接·拓展
(1)take along带……一起去
(2)take away拿走；带走
(3)take back取回；归还
(4)take off除去；脱掉；动身；起飞
(5)take on雇佣；承担；呈现
(6)take up拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续
(7)take place 发生
(8)take the place of代替
练：(1)My cousin doesn’t know what to ________ at the university;he isn’t sure about his future.
A.take on
B.take away
C.take up
D.take after
提示:依据句意选C项，意思是“学习，从事”。
答案:C
(2)(xx江苏南京一模) April Fool’s Day is ing.Be careful not to be ______ when others play tricks on you.
A.brought in
B.caught in
C.taken in
D.made in
提示:本题考查四个含in的动词短语辨析。bring in引进，catch in抓住，take in上当，欺骗，be made in在……制造。
答案:C
2.dress up
讲：该短语的义项有“盛装；打扮；装饰”。
例：You don’t need to dress up for this dinner.
你不必为这次晚宴而打扮。
I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.
我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angle.
这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。
链接·拓展
(1)be dressed in穿着
The lady was dressed in white at the party.
那女士在晚会上穿着一件白色衣服。
(2)be well/poorly dressed穿着考究/破烂
(3)get dressed穿衣服
(4)dress down 责骂某人；斥责；穿着随便
He dressed down while working in the field.
在地里干活时他穿着很随便。
For this my boss dressed me down for a while.
为此老板斥责了我半天。
练：(1)As it turned out to be a small house party,we________ so formally(正式地).
A.needn’t dress up
B.did not need have dressed up
C.did not need dress up
D.needn’t have dressed up
提示:事实证明这是一次小型的家庭聚会，我们原本没有必要打扮得那么正式。needn’t have done没有必要那么做，实际上做了。
答案:D
(2)—Who is your brother?
—The boy _________in blue.
A.is dressing
B.is dressed
C.dressed
D.dressing
提示:本题受思维定式的影响，很容易误选B项。答语是个省略句，补全为:The boy in blue is my brother.，可以看出选项是作定语的分词短语，依据dress的用法，选C。
答案:C
句型
each time引导状语从句
讲：注意观察下面教材原句:
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little and in that way we keep our culture alive.
每次庆祝节日都会有一点变化,这样我们的文化发展才有生机。
each time在此相当于连接副词的作用，引导时间状语从句。表示动作的习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。也可以用every time表示。例：Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them.
每次我们作业中出错，他总是要求我们改正。
Every time I saw him,I was overe by his brilliance.
每次见到他，都为他的聪颖倾倒。
链接·提示
1.含有time等名词的结构引导的时间状语从句
every/each time(每次),the moment(一……就),the minute(一……就)等可以引导时间状语从句，其作用相当于连词。
Next time you’re here let’s have lunch together.
下次你来这里，我们一起吃午饭。
I want to see him the minute he arrives.
他一到我就要见他。
2.表示“一……就……”的句型
(1)immediately引导状语从句
(2)the moment/the minute/the instant+从句
(3)directly/instantly+从句
(4)as soon as+从句
(5)on/upon+n./doing
(6)no sooner had+主语＋过去分词＋than＋从句
(7)hardly had+主语＋过去分词＋when＋从句
练：(1)—How should I deal with new words in reading?
—Well,You’d better not stop ________you e to a word or phrase you don’t know.
A.every time
B.the time
C.a time
D.one time
提示:every time引导时间状语从句,意思是“每当”。
答案:A
(2)(xx云南统一检测) —Did you remember to give Jenny the video tape?
—Yes._______ I saw her.
A.So long as
B.Any time
C.Whenever
D.The moment
提示:The moment I saw her表示“我一看到她就（给她）”，故选D。
答案:D
辨析
a bit,a little
(1)在肯定句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时，可以互换。
(2)作定语时，它们修饰不可数名词，而a little直接跟名词，a bit要加of，才能接名词。
(3)a bit与not连用时，意思是“一点也不”，相当于not at all；a little与not连用时，意思是“非常”，相当于very。
即时练习:
(1)In fact,this is__________ bigger than that one.
(2)We can go on with it or have a rest because I’m only__________ tired.
(3)I am not__________ tired,so we needn’t have a rest.
(4)I am not __________tired,and we must have a rest.
(5)There is only__________ food left for lunch.
(6)There is only __________of food left for lunch.
答案:(1)a little(a bit) (2)a bit(a little) (3)a bit (4)a little (5)a little (6)a bit
诱思：实例点拨
【例1】(xx四川成都诊断检测) A lot of coal miners died on the job last year, _______the local government to shut nearly 500 small mines in Shanxi Province alone.
A.forcing
B.to force
C.forced
D.has forced
提示：本题考查非谓语动词。force与前面整句话的意义形成主谓关系，所以用forcing作结果状语。
答案：A
讲评：作非谓语动词作状语的题时，关键要弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。【例2】(xx浙江模拟) Mrs Taylor has _______8yearold daughter who has________ gift for painting —she has won two national prizes.
A.a;a
B.an;the
C.an;a
D.the;a
提示:考查冠词及固定搭配。eight是元音开头，之前冠词用an，排除A、D两项；have a gift for为固定词组，意思为“有……的天赋”。
答案:C
讲评:平时学习中，对冠词，特别是固定搭配中冠词的用法要特别注意。
【例3】(xx湖南模拟) _________ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A.Dressed
B.To dress
C.Dressing
D.Having dressed 提示:dress只能用于dress sb./oneself或be dressed in，或者只能用于不及物动词形式，或者用过去分词形式作状语或定语。
答案:A
讲评:解本题的关键在于正确掌握dress的用法。