高中英语长难句做题方法
高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧
高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧高考英语考试的关键在与理解，很多学生在长难句理解方面有所欠缺，下面就是给大家带来的高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧，希望大家喜欢！一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。
这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。
具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句——名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。
注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。
另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。
但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。
二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇*共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的*。
*内容如下：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 mileseast of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport and a few hours of television per day.【解题分析】1. 跳读插入语：请看*第一段的第一句。
【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解长难句处理的原则和方法
【高中英语】高考英语阅读理解长难句处理的原则和方法
一、处理长难句的原则
如果要处理的长而难的句子是一个复杂的单句，可以这样处理：跳过修饰语，快速找出主谓结构。
这样，我们就可以把简单的句子变成长句。
具体步骤如下：首先跳过修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干，理解句子的意思；然后在章节中理解修改后的组件或附加组件。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果要处理的长难句是复杂主从复合句，可以这样处理：首先区分主句和从句，然后澄清从句的性质，即澄清它是什么样的从句——名词性从句，状语从句，或定语从句。
请注意，理解从句的性质对于理解复句的意义非常重要。
另外
高中数学
，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。
但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。
高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解长难句处理技巧与分析建议
高考英语专题复习：阅读理解长难句的处理方法 阅读理解的文章一般都选自国外的一些网站或者杂志，是原汁原味的美文，有些词汇和句式的难度较大。
词汇运用灵活，高级词汇较多，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现。
句式复杂，长句、意思隐晦句、复合句较多，定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句出现频率较高。
那么正确理解长难句式是做好阅读理解题的一个关键。
1.较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分注意谓语动词：找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。
首先，如何寻找谓语动词呢？很简单，有时态变化的动词就一定是谓语。
然后，顺着谓语动词往前找，如果有引导词存在，说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句，再根据句子成分判断这是哪种从句。
At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute.【解析】此句的主语为a microcomputer，也有两个谓语，即locks 和sets。
However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.【解析】此句的主语为many scientists，主语里面包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。
主句有两个谓语，即are doubtful和say，say后面又包含了一个宾语从句。
2.复合句的处理方法——找连接词注意并列连词或从属连词：常见的并列连词有and ,but ,yet ,or ,so ,for ,not only…but also…看到这些单词或短语，一般就有并列结构存在，并且很可能存在着省略问题。
解读高中英语长难句的技巧
考点剖析The car，which I saw yesterday，is too expensive.我昨天看到的那辆车太贵了.（which在非限制性定语从句中作saw的宾语，指代the car。
）He was disappointed，which I was not.他是失望的，而我不是。
（which在非限制性定语从句中作was 的表语，指代disappointed。
）三、关系代词who的用法关系代词who引导定语从句时，先行词通常为人，常在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，通常可以与that 互换。
例如：I don’t know anything about the man who wrote the article.我一点儿也不了解这篇文章的作者。
（who 在定语从句中作wrote的主语，指代先行词the man。
）The boy who you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（who在定语从句中用作talked to的宾语，指代先行词the boy。
）此外，当先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，还可以用whom；当先行词为人或物，关系代词在从句中用作定语时，则用whose。
例如：The boy whom you talked to just now is Tom’s brother.刚才和你说话的那个男孩是汤姆的弟弟。
（whom在定语从句中作talked to的宾语，指代先行词the boy。
）She lives in the room whose window faces south.她住在那间窗户朝南的房间。
（whose在定语从句中用作window的定语，指代the room’s。
）The girl whose name is Lily is in my class.那个叫莉莉的女孩在我班上。
（whose在定语从句中用作name的定语，指代the girl’s。
高考英语长难句分析与基础语法知识点突破
高考英语长难句分析与基础语法知识点突破在高考英语中，长难句的理解和基础语法知识点的掌握对于取得高分至关重要。
很多同学在面对复杂的长难句时感到困惑，对基础语法的运用也不够熟练，这直接影响了阅读理解、写作等多个板块的得分。
接下来，让我们深入探讨一下高考英语中的长难句分析和基础语法知识点的突破方法。
一、长难句分析长难句之所以让同学们感到头疼，主要是因为它们通常包含较多的修饰成分、从句以及复杂的句式结构。
要攻克长难句，首先要学会划分句子成分。
（一）找出句子的主干句子的主干通常包括主语、谓语和宾语。
例如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” 这个句子中，“The book”是主语，“is”是谓语，“interesting”是表语。
而“that I bought yesterday”则是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“book”。
（二）分析从句高考英语中常见的从句有定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等。
定语从句通常用来修饰名词或代词，如“The man who is standing there i s my teacher” 中，“who is standing there”就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“man”。
宾语从句在句子中作宾语，比如“I don't know what he is doing” ，“what he is doing”就是宾语从句。
状语从句则用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件等，像“If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home” 这里的“If it rains tomorrow”就是一个条件状语从句。
（三）理清修饰成分修饰成分包括形容词、副词、介词短语等。
它们的作用是对句子的主干进行补充和说明。
比如，“The girl in the red dress is my sister” 中，“in the red dress”是一个介词短语，作后置定语，修饰“girl”。
高考英语长难句知识点与语法突破
高考英语长难句知识点与语法突破在高考英语中，长难句往往是让许多同学感到头疼的问题。
但只要我们掌握了相关的知识点和语法，就能轻松应对，提升英语成绩。
一、长难句的特点长难句通常具有较长的长度、复杂的结构以及较多的修饰成分。
它们可能包含各种从句，如定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等；还可能有非谓语动词短语、介词短语等。
例如：“The book that I bought yesterday, which is very interesting, has been recommended by many friends” 这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”；“which is very interesting”也是定语从句，同样修饰“the book”。
二、长难句的知识点1、从句（1）定语从句：用于修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语。
关系词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
比如：“The man who is standing there is my teacher” （“who is standing there”修饰先行词“the man”）（2）状语从句：在句中充当状语，用来表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等。
常见的引导词有 when、where、because、if、so that 等。
像：“I will call you when I arrive” （“when I arrive”表示时间）（3）宾语从句：在句中作宾语，一般位于及物动词、介词之后。
引导词有 that、if/whether、what、who 等。
例如：“He said that he would come” （“that he would come”作“said”的宾语）2、非谓语动词（1）动词 ing 形式：可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
三长两短一并列,搞定英语长难句
“三长两短一并列”，搞定英语长难句——用“括号法”破解英语长难句长难句是英语文章中让人头疼的大麻烦。
特别在高中英语阅读理解中，单词会了，也掌握了基本的高中英语语法，但是句子仍然看不懂。
那么，有没有一种简便的方法能让我们迅速破解长难句呢？当然有。
下面，老师就通过分析英语句子中的重要特点——“三长两短一并列”来教你一套简单而神奇的方法，即“组件分析三步法”（括号法），帮你快速理清英语句子的结构，轻松破解英语长难句。
下文的讲解虽看似繁琐，但只要你耐心读下去，必会受益无穷！一、什么是“三长两短一并列”我们先来看两句话：①我是李辉。
(I am Li Hui.)②我爱你。
(I love you. )这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。
像这样的句子，中文和英文的“语序”(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是“主＋系＋表”或者“主＋谓＋宾”，理解起来非常容易。
然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。
来看两个例子：①我是中国的李辉。
(I am Li Hui from China.)②我全心全意地爱你。
(I love you with all my heart.)从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。
而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。
例如：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.这个句子中含有大量的“介词短语”这种修饰成分。
我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成：(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。
四招搞定高中英语阅读长难句
四招搞定高中英语阅读长难句其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者有许多原因，一个英语句子之所以难以理解，句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部句子结构复杂。
分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。
下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。
第一节：找谓语，定主语，我们可以根据谓一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且，)并列谓语动词的情况除外。
如：(形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivorywould encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长象牙交易一直被明令禁止，【句意】二十一年来，非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。
．，根据逻that 【分析】引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurtweakening a 辑意义，可知hurt 的主语是动名词短语encourage 和。
21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory 第二节：提主干，去枝叶)(从句、状语和定语等状语和定语等从句、一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，就不能完全把握句子的核所表达的信息为次要信息。
若句子的主干提炼不出来，心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。
如：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from theNational Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究【句意】年9020年的课题，这项研究是一个历时结果，15它记录了数千名在美国世纪代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
高考英语长句难句的解题方法
高考英语长句难句的解题方法一、什么是长难句复合长句，即包括各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。
英语多长句，这是由于英语可以有后置定语。
扩展的后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。
这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强。
但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
只需弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后剖析各层意思之间的逻辑关系。
下面我们从结构、逻辑以及一些英语中的长难句来解析长难句的翻译以及了解。
二、英语长句的特点英语长句普通指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里能够有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系能够包括、嵌套，也能够并列，平行。
从功用来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②描画词性从句，即我们往常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
普通说来，英语长句有如下几个特点：1)结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2)常须依据上下文作词义的引申;3)常须依据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判别;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6)习气搭配和成语经常出现。
三、高考英语难句剖析方法第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。
1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等等);2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。
经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。
第二类：大段的拔出与或同位语，打断读者的思绪，割裂前后之间的语义，形成了解的困难。
我们称之为"打岔"。
第三类：倒装：由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。
也是一种人为现象。
第四类：省略：相对以上三种来讲比拟复杂，在短句中大家普通都可以看出。
实战演练1.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large. " comfonable" classes who had retired on their incomes， and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[句子主干] Towns…sprang up…classes who…， andwho…[语法难点]1)有并列从句。
18个实例让你学会分析长难句
18个实例让你学会分析长难句，高中英语阅读理解满分必备!阅读是英语考试的重中之重，对英语阅读中的长难句理解是攻克阅读的有效方法。
本文将着重讲解高考英语阅读真题中的长难句，希望提高大家阅读能力。
长难句解题思路1. 首先寻找连词：连词包含并列连词，从属连词和关系词，并且依据连词将长句划分成短句；2. 依据五大句型基本结构，判断短句的句子成分。
注意区分谓语动词和非谓语动词（现在分词，动名词，过去分词，不定式），明确句子的谓语动词，剥离定语，状语，从而确定句子的基本结构。
第1句：时间状语从句，定语从句When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.长句分析：(1) when 引导的是时间状语从句;(2) he had seen: 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语，因此省略了关系代词that。
注意：先行词为不定代词everything时，关系代词不可使用Which；(3) to the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语；(4) describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向某人描述某物;长句翻译:当他回来时，这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句：目的状语从句，宾语从句The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.长句分析：(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句，so 前面的句子是主句，that 后面的句子是目的状语从句；(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语，it 是指示代词，指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语；(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法；长句翻译：机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序，这样它才能知道它要做什么。
高考英语长难句分析(含练习及答案)
长难句分析长难句分析“两步法”[Step1:预处理]①找出谓语动词并用下划线标注；谓语动词即所有的非谓语动词，包括主句的谓语和从句的谓语②给“三长”加括号，“三长”包括从句，介词短语，非谓语动词；三大从句：名词性从句：、、、形容词性从句：副词性从句：注意：一旦出现下一修饰成分，就把上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分是否以及结束③给“并列词”加方框，给“并列项”加三角；并列词：and、or、but、as well as并列项：A和B例如：A...and B...注意：因为修饰成分往往出现在被修饰成分的后面，找并列项时先找B后找A，B往往是并列词的右边最近的单词；再通过B去寻找A，因为A和B往往满足“结构相似、含义相近”，通俗来讲就是A和B往往很像[Step2:做直译]对每个括号进行翻译注意：每个括号里的第一个单词都像是一个“挂钩”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来[Step3:调语序]如果没有英翻汉的题型可以不去做这一步长难句分析练习1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）.成分简析：2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.成分简析：3.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.成分简析：4.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.成分简析：5.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese,these terms（术语）are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.成分简析：6.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be a cat,dog or snake!成分简析：7.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.成分简析：8.But for all the texts that are written,stored and sent electronically,a lot of them are still ending up on paper.成分简析：9.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)（盆地治疗动物组织）in Salt Lake City.成分简析：10.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in1506,and settled in1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.成分简析：11.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than1000huge stone figures,called moat,for which the island is most famous.成分简析：12.Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.成分简析：13.We even have different word for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming.while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.成分简析：14.When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.成分简析：15.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees,who can afford the new service,in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.成分简析：16.The hot sun had caused the dough to double size and the fermenting yeast（发酵型酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.成分简析：17.After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work,and acting,singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?成分简析：18.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice,I was so surprised that I was speechless,my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.成分简析：19.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words,they still seem to me the best yardstick（准绳）,because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.成分简析：20.But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.成分简析：长难句分析答案First(put forward)(by the French mathematician Pierre de Format)(in the seventeenth century),the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,(including a French woman scientist)(who made a major advance)(in working out the problem),and (who had to dress)(like a man)(in order)(to be able)(to study)(at the Ecole Polytechnique).It is difficult(to measure the quantity)(of paper)(used)(as a result)(of use Internet-connected computers),although just about anyone(who works)(in an office)can tell you(that)(when e-mail is introduced),the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand(for paper)(in recent years)is largely due(to the increased use)(of the Internet).Perhaps the best sign(of)(how computer and Internet use pushes up demand)(for paper) comes(from the high-tech industry itself),(which sees printing)(as one)(of its most promising new market).The action group has also found acceptable paper(made)(from materials other)(than wood),such(as agricultural waste).Mostly(borrowed)(from English and Chinese),these terms are often changed(into forms) no longer(understood)(by native speakers).Tales(from Animal Hospital)will delight all fans(of the programme)and anyone(who has a lively interest)(in their pet),(whether it be a cat,dog or snake)!Newton is shown(as a gifted scientist)(with very human weaknesses)(who stood)(at the point)(in history)(where magic ended and science began).But(for all the texts)(that are written,stored and sent electronically),a lot of them are still ending up(on paper).(With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love),dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners(needed)(for a beginning reader)(to gain confidence),(according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA))(in Salt Lake City).(Discovered)(by the Portuguese admiral)(of the same name)(in1506),and(settled in 1810),the island belongs(to Great Britain)and has a population(of a few hundred).They had no connection with the outside world(for more)(than a thousand years),(giving them plenty)(of time)(to build more)(than1000huge stone figures),(called moat,)(for which the island is most famous).Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first(to tell her)(to leave a failing marriage),it wasn’t unusual(to hear)(a man say)(he didn’t know)(his friend’s marriage was)(in serious trouble)until he appeared one night(asking)(if he could sleep) (on the sofa).We even have different word(for some foods,meat)(in particular),(depending)(on) (whether it is still out)(in the fields)or(at home)ready(to be cooked),(which shows the fact)(that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming).while the upper-class Normans were doing most(of the eating).(When Americans visit Europe)(for the first time),they usually find Germany more “Foreign”(than France)(because the German)(they see)(on signs and ads)seems much more different(from English)(than French does).The major market force rests(in the growing population)(of white-collar employees),(who can afford the new service),in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due(to the increasing number)(of white-collar employees).The hot sun had caused the dough(to double size)and the fermenting yeast made the surface(shake)and(sigh)(as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being)(from outer space).After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle(for)(spending only half the day)(doing ordinary school work),and(acting,singing or dancing)their way(through the other half) (of the day)?So(when Ed arrived)(for our game)not only(with the bottom)(of his shirt)(gatheredinside his trousers)but also(with a stomach)(you could hardly notice),I was so surprised (that I was speechless),(my cousin must have made an effort)(to get himself)(into shape).Thirty years(after)(being introduced)(to McCauley’s words),they still seem(to me)the best yardstick,(because they give us a way)(to measure ourselves)rather(than others).But(when John and his fellow soldier came)(in sight)some of the people(watching) couldn’t help(laughing)(at the one)(who couldn’t keep pace)(with the others)(as they march along).。
高考英语阅读题复习长难句处理技巧
高考英语阅读题复习——长难句处理技巧一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。
句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。
这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度。
分析长难句的基本方法是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。
下面我们来谈谈几种长难句的处理技巧。
一、处理长难句的原则方法如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。
这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。
具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。
注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。
另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。
但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。
二、经典高考真题实例分析下面这篇文章共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的文章。
高考英语重点难点部分(长难句的结构分析与学习方法)
高考英语重点难点部分（长难句的结构分析与学习方法）1. 复杂主句在长难句中，主句可能会包含修饰成分，使得句子变得冗长。
常见的修饰成分有定语从句、状语从句等。
例子1：主语修饰句子：The student who works hard every day is likely to succeed in the future.分析：主句：The student is likely to succeed in the future。
修饰部分：who works hard every day。
这是一个定语从句，修饰主语“the student”。
意思是“那个每天努力学习的学生”，使句子变得更具体。
简化理解：可以将句子简化为“The student is likely to succeed...”，然后再加上修饰成分来增强信息量。
例子2：谓语修饰句子：She spoke softly, trying not to wake the baby who was sleeping soundly.分析：主句：She spoke softly。
修饰部分：trying not to wake the baby。
这是一个现在分词短语，说明她说话的原因或方式。
它修饰谓语“spoke softly”。
定语从句：who was sleeping soundly，修饰“the baby”，给出了更多关于“baby”的信息。
2. 嵌套从句在长难句中，多个从句会嵌套在主句中。
我们需要弄清楚每个从句的关系，才能理解整个句子的意思。
例子1：嵌套从句句子：What surprised me most was that he completed the task which we thought was impossible.分析：主句：What surprised me most was... 这里的主句是“what surprised me most”。
高考英语长难句考场攻略
第一章并列句一、并列句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句Eg: The environment is obviously important,but its role has remained obscure.二、并列句的省略：相同部分可省略，不同部分保持不变Eg: The program keeps tracks of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.【考场攻略】：找到并列句省略的部分Eg: You can become a lawer in three years and you can become a medical doctor in four.You can become a lawer in three years and a medical doctor in four.Eg: He visited the Casino,he lost the $20 and he left.He visited the Casino,lost the $20 and left.第二章复合句（复合句=主句+从句）一．名词性从句①宾语从句1、宾语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作宾语2、宾语从句的写法：主句+连接词+从句（主句缺什么，连接词用什么；从句为陈述句）Eg:1）Dr.worm acknowledges that these figures are conservation. (that不作成分可省略)2）We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.3）I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me ,too.4）Why do so many Americans distrusts what they read in theirnewspapers?3、宾语从句的位置：（1）及物动词+宾语从句Eg：1）Scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.2）This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells…3）…users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.(双宾)（2）介词+宾语从句Eg: 1)This and other similar cases raise the question of whether there is still a line between court and politics.2)Those difference are swamped by how well each person “encodes”theinformation.（3）形容词+宾语从句(×)Eg: He felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.4、考研中常出现的三种宾语从句:（1）非谓语动词+宾语从句：（不一定是谓语动词+宾从，只要是及物动词就可加宾语从句）Eg: 1)You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.2)Neither of these pattern is borne out by the analysis,suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.（2）多个宾语从句：Eg: To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.（3）宾语从句后置，it作形式宾语：（条件：①宾语从句太长；②必须在主谓宾补的句子中）Eg: That kinds of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements.②表语从句1、表语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作表语2、表语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可以省略Eg: 1)The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.2)Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an code.3)This is where developing new habits comes in.4)Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched.3、表语从句的位置：位于系动词后③主语从句1、主语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作主语2、主语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；表达“是否”时，宾从、表从whether/if可任选其一，而主语从句只能用whetherEg: 1)What’s needed is a package deal.2)That the seas are being over fished has been known for years.3)What motivated him…was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”.4)Whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.3、主语从句的位置：（1）位于句首：谓语动词前（2）位于句末：主语从句太长，用it作形式主语Eg: 1)It didn’t matter what was done in the experiment.2)It is becoming less clear,however,that such a theory would be simplification. 4、主语从句用于写作：（1）It is done+主语从句（表达人们对一件事的观点看法）Eg: 1)This year,it was proposed that the system be changed…2)It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad…（2）It is+adj./n.+主语从句（表达对一件事的评价）Eg: 1)It is obvious that their views wre less fully intellectualized.2)It is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.④同位语从句1、同位语从句的含义:一个句子放到另一个句子里解释说明名词（原句不缺成分）2、同位语从句的写法：同宾语从句，但that不作成分也不可省略；最常用的是that引导Eg: 1)Writing in the last year of his life,he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thrity.2)Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting change is limited and mixed.3)A century years ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears…4)Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that”Circumstance do not make a person,they reveal him”.5)Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged familities,ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.3、同位语从句的位置：位于抽象名词后常见抽象名词：idea,opinion,fact,evidence,question,doubt,reason,theory,belief,possibility,chance,ho pe,contention,guarantee…【名词性从句小结】：四种名词性从句写法基本相同，位置不同一、定语从句1.定语从句的概念：一个句子放到另一个句子里作定语，修饰限定名词（同位语从句只能修饰抽象名词，而定语从句修饰限定任何名词）Eg: Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgement. (定语从句的每一个关系词都作成分)2.定语从句的写法：先行词n.+关系词+陈述句(1).先行词是事/物，关系词用which/thatEg: 1)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.2)Furthermore,the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.(2).先行词是人，关系词用who/whom(只能作宾语时用)/thatEg: 1）Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them.2）Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.(3).先行词是人/物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词用whoseEg: 1）On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference,at some basic level,seems to be the natural world.2) This ,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.(4).先行词是时间，关系词用whenEg: 1）It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.(5).先行词是地点，关系词选择whereEg: 1）In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak(6).先行词是原因，关系词选择whyEg: 1）the other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.(7).特殊的关系词whereby=by whichEg: The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact thatteaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.关于定语从句的关系词的几点注意：①定语从句的关系词每一个都必须作成分，包括That②Whom指人，只能在作宾语时使用③When/where/why引导定语从句时，前面的先行词必须与之匹配④关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，都可以省略Eg: 1）All humans actually aware of the world they live in?2) these rules say they must value some assets at the price a third partywould pay.3.定语从句的分类：He will call his friend who is working in London.（限定性定语从句，先行词范围不明确，需限定，不要逗号隔开）He will call his mother,who is working in London.（非限定性定语从句，先行词范围明确，不需限定，需要逗号隔开）4.定语从句与同位语从句的区别：①同位语从句是解释说明名词；定语从句是修饰限定名词（类似于形容词的作用）②同位语从句只能解释说明抽象名词；定语从句修饰限定任何名词补充1：特殊的非限定性定语从句（修饰整句话，关系词只能用which/as）Eg: 1）Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.2) A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of language,which is why children can learn it so quickly.3) Nevertheless,as any biographer knows,a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.4) As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in rencent years.补充2：介词提前的定语从句Eg: 1）Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment which they live in. Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live.2)…commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections which a sample is compared to.…commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.3）Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed…4)This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere,anytime.注意：介词可以提前，也可以不提前，但如果介词提前了：指人介词+whom，指物介词+which【考场攻略】：①找到从句不必纠结于从句的种类②非限定性定语从句可省略不看③找到定语从句和先行词…there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. (一般情况下从句挨着先行词，若从句没有挨着先行词，用代入法看是否合适) 二、状语从句1．状语从句的含义：一个句子放到另一个句子里作状语。
高中英语长难句理解技巧（推荐）
高中英语长难句理解技巧（推荐）长难句理解技巧题型介绍高考英语出现了很多难句，并且这些难句主要是长难句。
长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。
这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。
虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
解题技巧句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。
但不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可以跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。
具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
带有较多成分的简单句:去枝叶，留主干Schools across China(介词短语作定语) are expected to hire 50,000 college(定语) graduates this year(时间状语) as short-term teachers（介词短语做状语）, almost three times the number（同位语）hired last year(过去分词短语作定语), to help reduce unemployment pressures(目的状语). 含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词, 分析从句, 理解句意。
Whereas(引导状语从句表对比) a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，itwasn’t unusual to hear a man say that（引导宾语从句）he didn’t know that （引导宾语从句内的宾语从句）his friend’s mar riage was in serious trouble until （引导时间状语从句）he appeared one night asking if（引导非谓语所带宾语从句）he could sleep on the sofa.含有插入语的句子：忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题.The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)（插入成分）—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.成分省略：把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分The magazine is male-targeting because young guys g enerally won’t pick up a ma gazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will(省略了will pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males).1. 跳读插入语The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.2. 跳读非谓语动词短语In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as “dustmen”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe.3. 跳读分隔现象Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.4. 跳读定语从句If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.真题再现1. Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.2. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.3. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.4. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theory had baffled（难住）and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab Polytechnique（伊科尔理工学院）.5. Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.6. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so itmakes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.7. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.8. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.9. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.10.The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.巩固练习一、长难句翻译（句子都源于2015高考阅读理解）1. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.2.And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreami ng, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.3.If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet.4.The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences —called light pollution —whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.5.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms —to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted.6.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.7.She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understand — which, strangely, I almost always did.8.In no time, she became my fifth appendage (附肢), snoring on my home-office couch as I worked, cradling against feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.9.At the beginning, when friends offered to take her through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.10.As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.二、阅读理解（一）A new University of Graz study concludes that vegetarians(素食者) are more often ill and have a lower quality of living than meat-eaters. According to the German press release, vegetarians “have cancer and heart attacks more often”. The release also says that they show more psychological disorders than meat eaters. Consequently, the report writes, they are a greater burden on the health care system.According to the press release the scientists evaluated data from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (AT-HIS), which is also part of an important and valuable EU survey (European Health Interview Survey).The scientists examined a total of 1320 persons who were divided up into 4 groups. All groups were comparable with respect to gender, age, and socio-economic status. The study also accounted for smoking and physical activity. Also the BMI was within the normal range for all four groups. The only thing that really was different among the four groups was the diet. The four groups were: vegetarians, meat-eaters with lots of fruit and veggies, little meat-eaters and big meat-eaters.The press release states that the results contradict the common cliché that meat-free diets are healthier. Vegetarians have twice as many allergies as big meat-eaters, and they showed 166% higher cancer rates. Moreover, the scientists found that vegans had a 150% higher rate of heart attacks. In total the scientists looked at 18 different chronic illnesses. Compared to the big meat-eaters, vegetarians were hit harder in 14 of the 18 illnesses.In the analysis, the University of Graz found that vegetarians were also twice more likely to suffer for anxiety or depressions than big meat-eaters. That result was confirmed by the Universityof Hildesheim, which found that vegetarians suffered significantly more from depressions, anxiety, psychosomatic complaints and eating disorders. The University of Graz scientists also found that vegetarians are impacted more by illnesses and visit the doctor more frequently.Big meat-eaters were also found to have a “significantly better quality of life in allcategories”, the study found. The four categories examined were: physical and psychological health, social relationships and environment-related life quality.32. What was the difference between the four groups in the experiment?A. Gender, age and socio-economic status.B. Diet.C. Smoking and physical activity.D. BMI.33. What does the underlined phrase “the common cliché” refer to?A. Vegetarians have twice as many allergies as big meat-eaters.B. Vegetarians were hit harder in 14 of the 18 illnesses.C. Meat-free diets are healthier.D. Vegans had a higher rate of heart disease.34. It can be inferred from the passage that a man who eats more meat tends to _______.A. show a higher cancer rate.B. have a better relationship with others.C. have a higher rate of psychological disorders.D. suffer more from anxiety or depression.35. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Are You Impacted More by IllnessesB. A Better Quality of Life Is ImportantC. Take Care of the Health Care SystemD. Are Vegetarians Healthier（二）Our Fears can Change the Reality of the SituationAt times, our worries and anxieties can defeat us. In addition, our worries can change our understanding of what is reality and what is not. Here is a brief list of techniques that you can use to help gain a better viewpoint on things during your anxious moments.__1__ A person should take a deep breath and try to find something to do for a few minutes to get their mind off the problem. A person could get some fresh air, listen to some music, or do an activity that will give them a fresh perspective on things.Remember that our fearful thoughts are made to seem worse and can make the problem worse. __2__ When unexpectedly having thoughts that make you fearful or anxious, challenge those thoughts by asking yourself questions that will maintain objectivity and common sense.Be smart in how you deal with your fears and anxieties. Do not try to deal with everything all at once. When facing a current or upcoming task that makes your anxious, break the task into a series of smaller steps. __3__Remember that all the worrying in the world will not change anything. Most of what we worry about never comes true. __4__ you can leave everything else in the hands of God.It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow.All you can do is do your best each day, hope for the best, and when something does happen, take it easy. __5__A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out.B. When feeling anxious, stop what you are doing and try to do something relaxing.C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety.D. Instead of worrying about something that probably won’t happen, concentrate on what you are able to do.E. The next time you feel depressed, review your list and think about the good things that you have in your life.F. A good way to manage your worry is to challenge your negative thinking with positive statements and realistic thinking.G. Completing these smaller tasks one at a time will make the stress more manageable and increases your chances of success.三、短文改错文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处. 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
高考英语阅读理解中的长难句理解技巧2——6种方法梳理长难句
高考英语阅读理解长难句 ——6 种方法梳理长难句
难点梳理 ★ 长难句到底难在哪里？？（1）中心词加了较多修饰语，后置的定语给理解带来较大困难。（2）简 单句加了较多修饰语，尤其是非谓语动词，含义丰富，形式灵活。（3）含有三大从句的复合句。（4） 并列成分、对等结构的存在。（5）同位语、插入语的运用。（6）特殊句式的使用：倒装、强调句型和 省略。 方法展示
提主干，去枝叶
何为句子主干？即句子的主语和谓语。 1. 句子主语 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题(theme)， 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在句首。主语一般有名 词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、主语从句来充当。 （1）A man called you just now.( 名词)（2）Most of us like surfing the Internet（. 代词）（3）One in ten were for the plan.（数词）（4）It is kind of you to give me so much help.（不定式）（5）Helping others is helping yourself.（动名词）（6）Whether he will come is uncertain.（主语从句）（7）It's said that he will not come back again.（主语从句） 2. 句子谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语两种。 简单谓语是由一个行为动词构成的，比较容易识别。复合谓语包括情态动词+ 动词原形、连系动词+ 表 语、动词短语及被动语态 be done、进行时态 be doing、完成时态 has/ have done、将来时态 will do / be going to do 等。 （1）You can make a difference if you are confident.（2）He was followed by the fans.（3）I was about to go out when my phone rang.
高中英语 拆分长难句技巧及练习
高中英语拆分长难句技巧引例：①技术有潜力。
The technology has the potential.②技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力。
The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city.③技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力，或让其变好，或让其变糟。
The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city for better or for worse.④技术有改变交通系统与城市的潜力，或让其变好，或让其变糟，取决于这个改变如何被调控。
The technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city for better or for worse，depending on how the change is regulated.Part1长难句拆解三大思路一、介宾短语∶介词+名词/代词He comes into the room with a book.二、非谓语∶to do /doing/doneThe technology has the potential to change our transportation system and our city.三、从句∶引导词至标点前I was late because I got up late.Because I got up late，I was late.注意：1. 拆解到只剩下五大句子基本结构五大基本结构及另外三种类型。
（中文及缩写符号）句子基本结构缩写符号主语＋谓语S+V主语＋谓语＋宾语S+V+O主语＋系动词＋表语S+V+P主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语S+V+O+C主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语S+V+IO+DO/S+V+O+O主语＋谓语＋状语S+V+A主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语S+V+O+A存现句∶引导词there 引导的句子/I often run in the morning.(S+V+A)We have a great trip last weekend.（S+V+O+A）There are a lot of books on the desks.(存现句)2. 3A可拆，非3A不可拆。
高考英语长难句突破策略
高考英语长难句突破策略纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。
不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。
下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。
一、复合从句这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。
其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。
主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。
而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。
这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
二、分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。
考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。
此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。
三、成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。
省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。
成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。
例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。
四、改变语序改变语序主要指倒装句式。
这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。
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3步搞定高中英语长难句！1、什么是“三长两短一并列”我们先来看两句话：①我是李辉。
(I am Li Hui.)②我爱你。
(I love you. )这两句话中只有"主干成分"而没有"修饰成分"。
像这样的句子，中文和英文的"语序"(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是"主-系-表"或者"主-谓-宾"，理解起来非常容易。
然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。
来看两个例子：①我是中国的李辉。
(I am Li Hui from China.)②我全心全意地爱你。
(I love you with all my heart.)从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。
而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。
例如：After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office.这个句子中含有大量的"介词短语"这种修饰成分。
我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成：(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned 两个单词而已。
可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得"面目全非"，令人难以理解。
由此看来，英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯，只要搞定这些修饰部分，就能搞定英语长难句。
幸运的是，尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握，但是，它们的种类却是非常固定的。
小简老师将这些修饰成分总结为"三长两短"。
所谓"三长"，就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)；所谓"两短"，指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。
而除了"三长两短"之外，另外一个使句子变得复杂的结构就是"平行并列结构"。
"平行并列结构"是由一些并列关系的连词(and、or、as well as等)将句子变长的重要手段。
事实上，再长的句子都是由非常简单的主干成分（主干成分的基本语序和中文语序一致，此外还有若干与中文语序不一致的"特殊句型"，如there be句型、It is adj. for sb. to do句型、倒装句型、强调句型等等）再加上这"三长两短一并列"而组成的。
2、含义，结构及标记方法如果把句子的主干比作树干，那么修饰成分就可以比作繁茂的枝叶。
若能把这些枝叶都标记出来，主干自然就清晰了。
标记时，只需按照句子顺序，一个挨一个做出标记即可。
不过在此之前，我们要先学会每一种成分该从何处标起，又从何处结束。
下面学习哥分别对"三长两短一并列"进行具体介绍，并给出的每一种成分的标记方法。
3、“三长”1.介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。
如：at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks【例句】(After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).2.从句【定义】从句是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。
【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。
①到句尾终止，如：Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.3.非谓语动词短语【定义】非谓语动词是指动词在句子中"不是谓语"时的几种变化形式，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。
非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。
由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。
【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。
①到句尾终止，如：Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English).②到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.③到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。
)④到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.4、两短1.形容词【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able 等后缀。
【常见位置】①一般置于名词之前，如a beautiful park。
②修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)时置于不定代词之后，如"一些有趣的事"应译为something interesting。
2.副词【定义】副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词，往往带有-ly等后缀。
【常见位置】英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
①可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately, he failed to make it.②可置于整句之后，如：The teacher greets his students individually.③可置于"助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前"，如：The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系动词之后)He immediately saw the black cat. (实义动词之前)He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. (助动词之后，实义动词之前)He can hardly speak anything. (情态动词之后，实义动词之前)④可置于形容词或副词之前，如：There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.从上面的分析可以看出，虽然英文中形容词和副词的在句中的位置和中文略有不同，但一般情况下，它们较短且易于辨识，对句意理解影响不大，因此在给修饰成分做标记时，形容词和副词可不标记。
5、平行并列结构1.定义并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。
2.标记方法给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。
标记时要先找到并列词，然后再找并列项。
在标注形如A and B的平行并列结构时，应先找B (即右并列项)后找A (即左并列项)。
由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成"A … and B …"的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。
找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。
3.常见并列关系英语中可以并列的成分有很多，读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。
①名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.②形容词并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.③副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.④谓语动词并列：With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.⑤介词短语并列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.⑥从句并列： I've finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month).⑦非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.⑧整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.6、真题演练原题The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. (19词，来自江苏卷阅读理解B篇)Step1 做标记The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally grown food).实际操作过程如下：括号1：看到of，说明是介词短语，该介词短语到名词Agriculture结束。