英国药典2012 有关物质项译文
英国药典2012 有关物质项译文
液相色谱法（见2.2.29）
供试品溶液：取20mg本品用2mL乙腈溶解之后，用流动相A稀释至10.0mL。对照溶液(a)：去1.0mL待测溶液用流动相A稀释至100.0mL。再取该液1.0mL 用流动相A稀释至10.0mL。
对照溶液(b)：取布洛芬杂质B对照品1.0mL用乙腈稀释至10.0mL（溶液A）。取20mg布洛芬标准品用2mL乙腈溶解，加入1.0mL溶液A，并用流动相A稀释至10.0mL。
对照溶液(c)：用1mL乙腈溶解布洛芬（峰鉴别用）对照品，并用流动相A稀释至5mL。
色谱柱：
型号：l = 0.15 m, ? = 4.6 mm；
固定相：十八烷基键合硅胶，直径5μm；
流动相：
流动相A：将0.5体积的磷酸和340体积的乙腈、600体积的水混合，平衡后用水稀释至1000体积。
流动相B：乙腈
时间（min）
流动相A
（体积百分比）
流动相B
（体积百分比）
0-25 100 0 25-55 100→15 0→85
相对保留时间：布洛芬保留时间约为21min，杂质J约为0.2min，杂质N约为0.3，杂质A约为0.9，杂质B约为1.1。
系统适应性：对照溶液（b）
峰谷比：最小值1.5；Hp为杂质B的色谱峰顶点至基线的高度，Hv为布洛芬色谱峰和杂质B色谱峰分离的最低点至基线的高度。根据需要调整流动相A中乙腈的浓度。
限度：
杂质A、J、N：每种杂质均不超过对照溶液（a）色谱图中主成分峰面积的1.5倍（0.15%）；
非特定杂质：每种杂质均不超过对照溶液（a）色谱图中主成分峰面积的0.5倍（0.05%）；
总杂：不超过对照溶液（a）色谱图中主成分峰面积的2倍（0.2%）；
忽略限度：对照溶液（a）色谱图中主成分峰面积的0.3倍（0.03%）。
杂质F 气相色谱法（2.2.28）- 使用常规步骤
甲基化溶液：取1mLDMF-DMA和1mL吡啶，用乙酸乙酯稀释至10mL。
供试品溶液：取本品50.0mg于密封小瓶中，用1.0mL乙酸乙酯溶解，加入1mL甲基化溶液，密封，置于烘箱100°C高温加热20min。冷却后，室温氮气吹干，用5mL乙酸乙酯溶解残留物。
对照溶液（a）：用乙酸乙酯溶解0.5mg布洛芬杂质F，稀释至10.0mL。
对照溶液（b）：取50.0mg布洛芬标准品于密封小瓶中，用1.0mL对照溶液（a）溶解，加入1mL甲基化溶液，密封，置于烘箱100°C高温加热20min。冷却后，室温氮气吹干，用5mL乙酸乙酯溶解残留物。
色谱柱：
填料：石英玻璃
规格：l = 25 m, ? = 0.53 mm
固定相：聚乙二醇20 000（膜厚度2μm）
载气：氦
流速：5.0mL/min
温度：柱温150 °C，注射口200 °C，检测器250 °C
火焰离子化检测
进样量：1μL供试品溶液和1μL对照溶液（b）
运行时间：布洛芬保留时间的两倍
系统适应性：相对保留时间参照布洛芬（保留时间约17min），杂质F≈1.5
限度：杂质F，最高不得超过0.1%
重金属（2.4.8）
最高为10ppm
取12mL溶液S按照试验B方法进行检测。用经甲醇稀释的铅标准溶液（100ppm Pb）制备对照溶液。
药物杂质分析概述
药物杂质分析概述基础导论
药物杂质分析概述基础导论 2
目录 目录 1. 药物杂质分析―概述和法规现状 5 1.1 药物杂质的三个主要类别 6 有机杂质 6 无机（元素）杂质 6 残留溶剂 8 1.2 药品杂质控制的代表性出版物和指南 9 2. 用于药物开发中杂质谱分析的分析技术 11 概述11 2.1 制备型液相色谱 (LC) 12 液相色谱和紫外检测 (LC/UV) 12 液质联用系统 (LC/MS) 13 2.2 气相色谱 (GC) 14 2.3 毛细管电泳 (CE) 14 2.4 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱 (ICP-OES) 和电感耦合 等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 15 ICP-OES 15 ICP-MS 15 ICP-MS/MS 16 2.5 超临界流体色谱 (SFC) 16 2.6 傅立叶变换红外光谱仪 (FTIR) 17 3
3. 针对三类主要杂质的一系列安捷伦应用解决方案 18 概述18 3.1 有机杂质分析 18 用于药物中有机杂质的严格分析的 LC/MS 系统 24 使用单四极杆 LC/MS 仪进行经济有效的高性能杂质分析 24 使用安捷伦液相色谱/三重四极杆质谱联用仪对 API 中的 杂质进行灵敏、可靠的分析 25 使用安捷伦 LC/TOF 和 LC/Q-TOF 仪器提高痕量杂质鉴定的 分析效率 27 使用 2D-LC/MS 优化方法转移以实现质谱兼容性28 质谱数据分析对于准确的杂质检测和鉴定至关重要30 安捷伦有机杂质谱分析资源 33 3.2 无机杂质分析 34 安捷伦元素杂质分析出版物36 3.3 残留溶剂分析 36 安捷伦残留溶剂分析出版物38 4. 附录 39 4.1 安捷伦药物杂质分析解决方案 39 4.2 色谱柱与备件 40 4.3 软件与信息学产品 40 4.4 实验室法规认证和法规认证咨询 40 4
韩素音翻译大赛原文
Irritability is the tendency to get upset for reasons that seem – to other people – to be pretty minor. Your partner asks you how work went and the way they ask makes you feel intensely agitated. Your partner is putting knives and forks on the table before dinner and you mention (not for the first time) that the fork should go on the left hand side, not the right. They then immediately let out a huge sigh and sweep the cutlery onto the floor and tell you that you can xxxx-ing do it yourself if you know better. It was the most minor of criticisms and technically quite correct. And now they’ve exploded. There is so much irritability around and it exacts a huge daily cost on our collective lives, so we deserve to get a lot more curious about it: what is really going on for the irritable person? Why, really, are they getting so agitated? And instead of blaming them for getting het up about “little things”, we should do them the honour of working out why, in fact, these things may not be so minor after all.
韩素英翻译比赛原文
参赛原文： 英译汉原文 Hidden Within Technology’s Empire, a Republic of Letters When I was a boy “discovering literature”, I used to think how wonderful it would be if every other person on the street were familiar with Proust and Joyce or T. E. Lawrence or Pasternak and Kafka. Later I learned how refractory to high culture the democratic masses were. Lincoln as a young frontiersman read Plutarch, Shakespeare and the Bible. But then he was Lincoln. Later when I was traveling in the Midwest by car, bus and train, I regularly visited small-town libraries and found that readers in Keokuk, Iowa, or Benton Harbor, Mich., were checking out Proust and Joyce and even Svevo and Andrei Biely. D. H. Lawrence was also a favorite. And sometimes I remembered that God was willing to spare Sodom for the sake of 10 of the righteous. Not that Keokuk was anything like wicked Sodom, or that Proust?s Charlus would have been tempted to settle in Benton Harbor, Mich. I seem to have had a persistent democratic desire to find evidences of high culture in the most unlikely places. For many decades now I have been a fiction writer, and from the first I was aware that mine was a questionable occupation. In the 1930?s an elderly neighbor in Chicago told me that he wrote fiction for the pulps. “The people on the block wonder why I don?t go to a job, and I?m seen puttering around, trimming the bushes or painting a fence instead of working in a factory. But I?m a writer. I sell to Argosy and Doc Savage,” he said with a certain gloom. “They wouldn?t call that a trade.” Probably he noticed that I was a bookish boy, likely to sympathize with him, and perhaps he was trying to warn me to avoid being unlike others. But it was too late for that. From the first, too, I had been warned that the novel was at the point of death, that like the walled city or the crossbow, it was a thing of the past. And no one likes to be at odds with history. Oswald Spengler, one of the most widely read authors of the early 30?s, taught that our tired old civilization was ve ry nearly finished. His advice to the young was to avoid literature and the arts and to embrace mechanization and become engineers.
2015年韩素音翻译大赛翻译原文
The Posteverything Generation I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco. That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my Ipod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blasé college-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. According to my textbook, the problem with defining postmodernism is that it’s i mpossible. The difficulty is that it is so...post. It defines itself so negatively against what came before it –naturalism, romanticism and the wild revolution of modernism –that it’s sometimes hard to see what it actually is. It denies that anything can be explained neatly or even at all. It is parodic, detached, strange, and sometimes menacing to traditionalists who do not understand it. Although it arose in the post-war west (the term was coined in 1949), the generation that has witnessed its ascendance has yet to come up with an explanation of what postmodern attitudes mean for the future of culture or society. The subject intrigued me because, in a class otherwise consumed by dead-letter theories, postmodernism remained an open book, tempting to the young and curious. But it also intrigued me because the question of what postmodernism –what a movement so post-everything, so reticent to define itself – is spoke to a larger question about the political and
2014年报考执业药师-药分练习题
2014年国家执业药师考试专业知识（一）药物分 析复习题 第一次作业 最佳选择题 1. 《中国药典》目前共出版了几版药典 A. 8版 B. 9版 C. 5版 D. 7版 E. 6版 2. 《中国药典》的英文缩写是 A. CP B. JP C. BP D. USP E. Ch.P . 3. 英国国家处方集缩写为 A. NF B. USN C. USP D. BNF E. BHP 4. 《中国药典》的主要内容包括 A. 凡例、正文和附录 B. 前言、正文、附录、含量测定 C. 凡例、制剂、附录、索引 D. 正文、附录、制剂、凡例 E. 正文、制剂、通则、附录、凡例 5. 《中国药典》规定，称取“2.0g”系指称取 A. 1.5g～2.5g B. 1.95g～2.05g C. 1.4g～2.4g D.1.995g～2.005g E. 1.94g～2.06g 6. 温度高低对试验结果有显著影响者，除另有规定外，应为 A. 20℃±2℃ B. 25℃±2℃ C. 18℃±2℃ D. 20℃±5℃ E. 25℃±5℃ 7. 恒重系指供试品连续两次干燥或炽灼后的重量差应小于
A. 0.5mg B. 0.6mg C. 0.4mg D. 0.3mg E. 0.2mg 8. 《中国药典》哪年版开始分为三部 A. 1963年版 B.1977年版 C. 1990年版 D. 2005年版 E. 2010年版 9. 《中国药典》（2010年版）附录首次收载了 A. 药品通用名 B. 放射性药品 C. 拉曼光谱指导原则 D. 制剂的含量均匀度试验 E. 原子量表 10. 《中国药典》中的“精密称定”指称取重量应准确至所取重量的 A. ±10% B. 百分之一 C. 千分之一 D. 万分之一 E. 百万分之一 11. 用于药物鉴别的分析方法验证需要考虑 A. 精密度 B. 定量限 C. 检测限 D. 专属性 E. 准确度 12. 药品的鉴别是证明 A. 已知药物的疗效 B. 已知药物的真伪 C. 药物的纯度 D. 未知药物的真伪 E. 药物的稳定性 13. 常用RSD来表示 A. 纯度 B. 准确度 C. 相对误差 D. 限度 E. 精密度 14. 用于药物杂质限量检查的分析方法验证需要考虑 A. 耐用性 B. 线性与范围 C. 精密度 D. 准确度 E. 定量限 15. 减少分析方法中偶然误差的方法可采用 A. 进行空白试验 B. 加校正值的方法 C. 进行对照试验 D. 增加平行测定次数 E. 进行回收试验 16. 度量吸收度和溶液浓度间是否存在线性关系可以用 A. 比例常数 B. 相关常数 C. 相关系数 D. 回归方程 E. 相关规律 17. 相关系数（r）的值 A. <－1 B. >+1 C. 在0和1之间 D. 在0和－1之间 E. 在0和±1之间 18. 药物鉴别试验中属于化学方法的是
二十二届韩素音翻译大赛汉译英优秀译文
汉译英原文： 居在巷陌的寻常幸福 隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的，纯粹的隐者实属少数，而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。 有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。 晨光，透过古色古香的雕花窗棂，给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起，空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车 启动的节奏、夫妻间甜蜜的道别，还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。巷陌中的这一切，忙碌却不混乱，活泼却不嘈杂，平淡却不厌烦。 巷尾的绿地虽然没有山野的苍翠欲滴，但是空气中弥漫着荒野中所没有的 生机。微黄的路灯下，每一张长椅都写着不同的心情，甜蜜与快乐、悲伤与喜悦，交织在一起，在静谧中缓缓发酵。谁也不会知道在下一个转角中会是怎样的惊喜，会是一家风格独特食客不断的小吃店？是一家放着爵士乐的酒吧？还是一家摆着高脚木凳、连空气都闲散的小小咖啡馆？坐在户外撑着遮阳伞的木椅上， 和新认识的朋友一边喝茶，一边谈着自己小小的生活，或许也是一种惬意。 一切，被时间打磨，被时间沉淀，终于形成了一种习惯，一种默契，一种文化。 和来家中做客的邻居朋友用同一种腔调巧妙地笑谑着身边的琐事，大家眯起的眼睛都默契地着同一种狡黠；和家人一起围在饭桌前，衔满食物的嘴还发着 含糊的声音，有些聒噪，但没人厌烦。 小巷虽然狭窄，却拉不住快乐蔓延的速度…… 随着城市里那些密集而冰冷的高楼大厦拔地而起，在拥堵的车流中，在污 浊的空气里，人们的幸福正在一点点地破碎，飘零。大家住得越来越宽敞，越来越私密。自我，也被划进一个单独的空间里，小心地不去触碰别人的心灵，也 不容许他人轻易介入。可是，一个人安静下来时会觉得，曾经厌烦的那些嘈杂回想起来很温情很怀念。 比起高楼耸立的曼哈顿，人们更加喜欢佛罗伦萨红色穹顶下被阳光淹没的古老巷道；比起在夜晚光辉璀璨的陆家嘴，人们会更喜欢充满孩子们打闹嬉笑的万航渡路。就算已苍然老去，支撑起梦境的应该是老房子暗灰的安详，吴侬软语的叫卖声，那一方氤氲过温馨和回忆的小弄堂。 如果用一双细腻的眼眸去观照，其实每一片青苔和爬山虎占据的墙角，是 墨绿色的诗篇，不会飘逸，不会豪放，只是那种平淡的幸福，简简单单。 幸福是什么模样，或许并不难回答。幸福就是一本摊开的诗篇，关于在城市的天空下，那些寻常巷陌的诗。 夜幕笼罩，那散落一地的万家灯火中，有多少寻常的幸福正蜗居在巷陌……
第二十六届“第二十六届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛”竞赛原文
第二十六届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛原文 英译汉竞赛原文： How the News Got Less Mean The most read article of all time on BuzzFeed contains no photographs of celebrity nip slips and no inflammatory ranting. It’s a series of photos called “21 pictures that will restore your fait h in humanity,” which has pulled in nearly 14 million visits so far. At Upworthy too, hope is the major draw. “This kid just died. What he left behind is wondtacular,” an Upworthy post about a terminally ill teen singer, earned 15 million views this summer and has raised more than $300,000 for cancer research. The recipe for attracting visitors to stories online is changing. Bloggers have traditionally turned to sarcasm and snark to draw attention. But the success of sites like BuzzFeed and Upworthy, whose philosophies embrace the viral nature of upbeat stories, hints that the Web craves positivity. The reason: social media. Researchers are discovering that people want to create positive images of themselves online by sharing upbeat stories. And with more people turning to Facebook and Twitter to find out what’s happening in the world, news stories may need to cheer up in order to court an audience. If social is the future of media, then optimistic stories might be media’s future. “When we started, the prevailing wisdom was that snark ruled the Internet,” says Eli Pariser, a co-founder of Upworthy. “And we just had a really different sense of what works.” “You don’t want to be that guy at the party who’s crazy and angry and ranting in the c orner—it’s the same for Twitter or Facebook,” he says. “Part of what we’re trying to do with Upworthy is give people the tools to express a conscientious, thoughtful and positive identity in social media.” And the science appears to support Pariser’s philosophy. In a recent study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, researchers found that “up votes,” showing that a visitor liked a comment or story, begat more up votes on comments on the site, but “down votes” did not do the same. In fact, a single up vote increased the likelihood that someone else would like a comment by 32%, whereas a down vote had no effect. People don’t want to support the cranky commenter, the critic or the troll. Nor do they want to be that negative personality online. In another study published in 2012, Jonah Berger, author of Contagious: Why Things Catch On and professor of marketing at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, monitored the most e-mailed stories produced by the New York Times for six months and found that positive stories were more likely to make the list than negative ones. “What we share [or like] is almost like the car we drive or the clothes we wear,” he says. “It
吐温80英国药典英文
enan111，密码198834 2、消癌平注射液中吐温-80用量的研究及质量控制 2.1建立消癌平注射液中吐温-80含量的测定方法 2.2建立吐温-80纯度的测定方法 2.3不同厂家不同纯度的吐温-80增容效果及安全性评价 1、消癌平注射液中高分子杂质去除方法研究 1.1建立GPC法测定消癌平注射液中高分子物质的方法 1.2超滤前后高分子物质的去除效果研究 Polysorbate 80 Polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitan Mono-oleate (Ph Eur monograph 0428) 9005-65-6 Ph Eur DEFINITION Polysorbate 80 is a mixture of partial esters of various fatty acids, mainly oleic acid, and sorbitol and its anhydrides copolymerised with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide for each mole of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides. The fatty acid fraction can be of vegetable or animal origin. It contains not less than 60.0 per cent of oleic acid and not less than 90.0 per cent and not more than 110.0 per cent of the content stated on the label. PRODUCTION 2-Chloroethanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol Not more than 10 ppm of 2-chloroethanol and not more than a total of 0.25 per cent for ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, determined by head-space gas chromatography (2.2.28), using themethod of standard additions.
“CATTI杯”第二十七届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛原文
“CATTI杯”第二十七届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛 英译汉竞赛原文： The Posteverything Generation I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco. That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my Ipod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blasécollege-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. According to my textbook, the problem with defining postmodernism is that it’s impossible. The difficulty is that it is so...post. It defines itself so negatively against what came before it – naturalism, romanticism and the wild revolution of modernism – that it’s sometimes hard to see what it actually is. It denies that anything can be explained neatly or even at all. It is parodic, detached, strange, and sometimes menacing to traditionalists who do not understand it. Although it arose in the post-war west (the term was coined in 1949), the generation that has witnessed its ascendance has yet to come up with an explanation of what postmodern attitudes mean for the future of culture or society. The subject intrigued me because, in a class otherwise consumed by dead-letter theories, postmodernism remained an open book, tempting to the young and curious. But it also intrigued me because the question of what postmodernism – what a movement so post-everything, so reticent to define itself – is spoke to a larger question about the political and popular culture of today, of the other jaded sophomores sitting around me who had grown up in a postmodern world. In many ways, as a college-aged generation, we are also extremely post: post-Cold War, post-industrial, post-baby boom, post-9/11...at one point in his famous essay, “Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,” literary critic Frederic Jameson even calls us “post-literate.” We are a generation that is riding on the tail-end of a century of war and revolution that toppled civilizations, overturned repressive social orders, and left us with more privilege and opportunity than any other society in history. Ours could be an era to accomplish anything. And yet do we take to the streets and the airwaves and say “here we are, and this is what we demand”? Do we plant our flag of youthful rebellion on the mall in Washington and say “we are not leaving until we see change! Our eyes have been opened by our education and our conception of what is possible has been expanded by our privilege and we demand a better world because it is our right”? It would seem we do the opposite. We go to war without so much as questioning the rationale, we sign away our civil liberties, we say nothing when the Supreme Court uses Brown v. Board of Education to outlaw desegregation, and we sit back to watch the carnage on the evening news. On campus, we sign petitions, join organizations, put our names on mailing lists, make small-money contributions, volunteer a spare hour to tutor, and sport an entire wardrobe’s worth of Live Strong bracelets advertising our moderately priced opposition to everything from breast cancer to global warming. But what do we really stand for? Like a true postmodern generation we refuse to weave together an overarching narrative to our own political consciousness, to present a cast of inspirational or revolutionary characters on our public stage, or to define a specific philosophy. We are a story seemingly without direction or theme, structure or meaning – a generation defined negatively against what came before us. When Al Gore once said “It’s the combination of narcissism and nihilism that really defines postmodernism,” he might as well have been echoing his entire generation’s critique of our own. We are a generation for whom even revolution seems trite, and therefore as fair a target for bland imitation as anything else. We are the generation of the Che Geuvera tee-shirt.
韩素音青年翻译奖赛13
第十三届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛原文及参考译文（汉译英）2010-3-26 23:32|发布者: sisu04|查看: 881|评论: 0 摘要: 韩素音青年翻译奖 歌德之人生启示 宗白华 人生是什么？人生的真相如何？人生的意义何在？人生的目的是何？这些人生最重大最中心的问题，不只是古来一切大宗教家哲学家所殚精竭虑以求解答的。世界上第一流的大诗人凝神冥想，深入灵魂的幽邃，或纵身大化中，于一朵花中窥见天国，一滴露水参悟生命，然后用他们生花之笔，幻现层层世界，幕幕人生，归根也不外乎启示这生命的真相与意义。宗教家对这些问题的方法与态度是预言的说教的，哲学家是解释的说明的，诗人文豪是表现的启示的。荷马的长歌启示了希腊艺术文明幻美的人生与理想，但丁的神曲启示了中古基督教文化心灵的生活与信仰，莎士比亚的剧本表现了文艺复兴时人们的生活矛盾与权力意志。至于近代的，建筑于这三种文明精神之上而同时开展一个新时代，所谓近代人生，则由伟大的歌德以他的人格，生活，作品表现出它的特殊意义与内在的问题。 歌德对人生的启示有几层意义，几种方面。就人类全体讲，他的人格与生活可谓极尽了人类的可能性。他同时是诗人，科学家，政治家，思想家，他也是近代泛神论信仰的一个伟大的代表。他表现了西方文明自强不息的精神，又同时具有东方乐天知命宁静致远的智慧。德国哲学家息默尔（Simmel）说：“歌德的人生所以给我们以无穷兴奋与深沉的安慰的，就是他只是一个人，他只是极尽了人性，但却如此伟大，使我们对人类感到有希望，鼓动我们努力向前做一个人。“我们可以说歌德是世界一扇明窗，我们由他窥见了人生生命永恒幽邃奇丽广大的天空！ 再狭小范围，就欧洲文化的观点说，歌德确是代表文艺复兴以后近代人的心灵生活及其内在的问题。近代人失去了基督教对一超越上帝虔诚的信仰。人类精神上获得了解放，得到了自由；但也就同时失所依傍，彷徨摸索，苦闷，追求，欲在生活本身的努力中寻得人生的意义与价值。歌德是这时代精神伟大的代表，他的主著《浮士德》是这人生全部的反映与其问题的解决。歌德与其替身浮士德一生生活的内容就是尽量体验这近代人生特殊的精神意义，了解其悲剧而努力以解决其问题，指出解救之道。所以有人称他的浮士德是近代人的圣
British Pharmacopoeia 2013 Levonorgestrel左炔诺孕酮英国药典2013
Levonorgestrel General Notices (Ph. Eur. monograph 0926) C21H28O2 312.5 797-63-7 Action and use Progestogen. Preparations Levonorgestrel Tablets Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol Tablets Ph Eur DEFINITION 13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. Content 98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white, crystalline powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methylene chloride, slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). IDENTIFICATION A. Specific optical rotation (see Tests). B. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24). Comparison levonorgestrel CRS. TESTS Specific optical rotation (2.2.7) -35 to -30.