过去完成时态
过去完成时态
C R A Z Y EN G LISH语法沙龙大观®进去宪成铒态江苏李建高■要点清单过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)表示过去某一时问或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去 的过去”。
一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had/动词的过去分词”构 成。
其中had为have/ha s的过去分词，它可以用于各种 人称和数。
二、过去完成时的句式过去完成时的肯定句由“助动词had/动词的过去 分词”构成;否定句在had之后加not(可缩略为hadn’t);—般疑问句应将助动词had提到句首，答语为“Yes,... had./No,...hadn’t.”例如:He had arrived at the village before 8 o’clock last night.昨晚8点前，他已经到达了那个村子。
Her little brother hadn't finished his homework by the time she went to bed.她上床睡觉的时候，她的弟 弟还没有完成家庭作业。
—Had the rain stopped when you le ft?当你离开的时候，雨停了吗？—Yes，it had./No，it hadn’t.是的，雨停了。
/不，没。
三、过去完成时的用法1.用于表示在过去某一时刻前已经发生的动作或，before，by，by the end of,by the time,until, when等引导的时问状语或时问状语从句连用。
例如：Jack had fixed the radio before his brother re-turned.杰克在他的弟弟回来之前，已经修好了收音机。
By the time I got to Tina's house，the party had begun.在我到达蒂娜家之前，派对已经开始了。
时光倒流高中中的过去完成时态详解
时光倒流高中中的过去完成时态详解过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense）是英语的一种时态，它用来表示在过去某个时间之前，已经发生的动作或者已经存在的状态。
在本文中，我将详细解释过去完成时态的用法和特点。
一、过去完成时态的形成过去完成时态由“had + 过去分词”构成。
其中，“had”是过去完成时态的助动词，而过去分词则取决于主语的情况。
二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
例如：By the time I arrived at the party, they had already left.（当我到达聚会的时候，他们已经离开了。
）2. 表示过去某个时间之前已经存在的状态或情况。
例如：She had known him for many years before they got married.（在他们结婚之前，她已经认识他多年了。
）3. 用在虚拟条件语句的主句中，表示对过去某个时间之前的假设。
例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我当时努力学习，我就通过了考试。
）4. 用来与过去进行时态进行对比，强调先后顺序。
例如：I had finished my homework before he came.（他来之前，我已经完成了作业。
）5. 用在间接引语中，表示在引述的发生之前已经发生的动作或状态。
例如：He told me that he had already seen that movie.（他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。
）三、过去完成时态的注意事项1. 过去完成时态通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：by that time, before, already, just等。
例如：By the time she woke up, her parents had already gone to work.（当她醒来的时候，她的父母已经去上班了。
过去完成时-PPT课件
2、常用在宾语从句中 ① He told me he had already finished his homework. ② I realized he had fooled me again 3、体现在上下文中 I didn’t go to the movies yesterday because I had seen it twice.
the Army.
• A. has worked
B. works
• C. had worked
D. will work
在 整 堂 课 的 教学中 ，刘教 师总是 让学生 带着问 题来学 习，而 问题的 设置具 有一定 的梯度 ，由浅 入深， 所提出 的问题 也很明 确
• 5. By the end of last week, they ___ the bridge.
By the time I got outside, the bus _h_a_d_ already _le_f_t.
在 整 堂 课 的 教学中 ，刘教 师总是 让学生 带着问 题来学 习，而 问题的 设置具 有一定 的梯度 ，由浅 入深， 所提出 的问题 也很明 确
When I got to school, I realized I h_a_d_ l_e_f_t my backpack at home.
By the time she got outside, the bus had already left.
她出去的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time… 到……的时候为止 后接过去时的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态。
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
过去完成时态的结构与用法
过去完成时态的结构与用法一、过去完成时态的基本结构过去完成时态是英语中的一种时态，用于表达在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
它通常由had以及动词的过去分词构成。
下面是过去完成时态的基本结构：肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词例如：- I had finished my homework before dinner.- They had traveled to Europe by the end of last year.否定句：主语+ hadn’t + 过去分词例如：- He hadn't studied for the exam when the teacher announced it.疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？例如：- Had you seen that movie before yesterday?二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某时间之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例如：- She had already left when I arrived at the party.2. 用于时间状语从句中，引导过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：- Before he came to the office, I had already finished the report.3. 用于叙述过去发生的事情时，可以使用过去完成时来表达先后关系。
例如：- The team had won several matches before they lost the final game.4. 过去完成时态常与过去简单时态连用，用于描述先后发生的两个过去动作或状态。
例如：- I had read the book before I watched the movie.三、对过去完成时态的理解和观点过去完成时态在英语写作中扮演着重要的角色，它帮助我们清晰地表达过去事件的先后顺序，同时也可以突出某个动作或状态在过去某个特定时间之前已经完成。
过去完成时态
过去完成时态1.过去完成时态表示的含义：表示一个动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成（既一个动作发生在过去的过去）。
2.过去完成时态构成形式：had+过去分词3.过去完成时态的使用范围：✧出现在主从复合句中，常与that引导的宾语从句连用.例如：He said that he had never seen such a beautiful place before.(先看见过,再说)Lucy told me that she had been to Beijing twice.(先去过,再告诉我)✧出现在主从复合句中，常于when \ before \ after\as soon as 引导的时间状语从句连用.注意:主句和从句应各自拥有主\谓\宾的结构.例如: You had cleaned the classroom when I got here.My mother had cooked supper before I went home.Mr Liu had taught in the school for 38 years before I came here.I went to bed after I had finished my homework.注意: 在以上两种主从复合句中,经常存在两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时态,后发生的用一般过去时态.✧出现在简单句中, 常于by(表示在…之前\ 到…的时候) \ before 构成的时间状语连用.by, before +过去的时间点；例如: I had finished my homework by 11 last night.I had reached school before 7 o’clock this morning.✧出现在简单句中, 常于by the end of (到…末为止)引导的时间状语连用.例如:By the end of the match, we had scored 3 goals.We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.(到上学期末为止,既单词是在上学期末之前学的)✧与by the time (表示在…之前\ 到…的时候) 构成的短语连用,例如:By the time we got there, the bus had already gone.(当我们到那的时候, 车已经开走了).By the time they called, I had left.✧与as (表示象\ 按照) 引导的从句连用.例如;We did as he had told us.(我们按照他告诉我们的去做)4.过去完成时态的各种句式:否定句: had + not +过去分词或hadn’t +过去分词一般疑问句: 把had 提到句首.特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ 一般疑问句语序I had finished my homework by 11 last night. He had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.I hadn’t finished my homework by 11 last night. He hadn’t learned 1000 words by the end of last term.Had you finished your homework by 11 last night? Had he learned 1000 words by the end of last term?Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. Yes, he had. No , he hadn’t.I had learned 4 songs by the end of last term. How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?5.过去完成时态应注意的几个问题:●在主从复合句中,如有after, before 引导的时间状语从句,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的顺序已经非常明显,有时可用一般过去时态代替过去完成时态.例如: He called me after he had come back..=== He called me after he came back.●对于一连串的过去动作,相互之间衔接十分紧密, 可以全部使用一般过去时态,不用过去完成时态.例如:He got up at six yesterday, washed, brushed his teeth, went downstairs and then did morning exercises.1)Peter told us that he＿＿＿＿（finish）the work already.2)They＿＿＿＿＿(wait) for two hours when he＿＿＿＿＿(come).3)When we got to the station, the train＿＿＿＿＿(leave) already.4)She made a lot of friends after she＿＿＿＿＿(study) in this school for three months.5)He said that he＿＿＿＿＿＿(not go)on the trip with us because he ＿＿＿＿＿(be) there twice.6)We＿＿＿＿＿＿(learn) more than 700 words by the end of last year.7)Ted went to the class again to get the book he ＿＿＿＿＿(leave) there.8)By the end of last week we＿＿＿＿＿(plant) 400 trees in our school.9)He said that Mary ＿＿＿＿＿(go) to London next month.。
过去完成时态
过去完成时态过去完成时态是英语中表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态的时态。
本文将详细介绍过去完成时态的构成、用法、时间标志词以及常见错误使用。
一、过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态的构成是由“had”（过去式的have）+ 动词的过去分词构成。
例如：He had eaten dinner before he watched the movie.（他在看电影之前已经吃过晚饭了。
）I had finished my homework when she called.（她打电话时，我已经做完作业了。
）二、过去完成时态的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。
I had already visited Japan before I went to Korea.（在去韩国之前，我已经去过日本了。
）They had finished their work before the boss arrived.（老板到达之前，他们已经完成了工作。
）2. 用于过去完成时态的从句中，可以表示过去某个时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或状态。
She realized that she had forgotten her keys after she arrived home.（她到家后才意识到自己忘带了钥匙。
）He knew that he had made a mistake as soon as he submitted the report.（他一提交报告就知道自己犯了个错误。
）3. 过去完成时态还可与其他过去时态进行比较，强调过去完成的先后关系。
She told me that she had already seen the movie before it was released.（她告诉我她在电影上映之前已经看过了。
）三、过去完成时态常用的时间标志词过去完成时态常用的时间标志词有：already（已经）、just（刚刚）、before（在...之前）、by the time（到...之前）、once（一旦）、never（从不）、until（直到）等。
过去完成时
bought a bottle of juice. football, I _________
写出下列动词的过去完成时形式 (5’/1) had been
had seen be _________________ see_________________
had begun had sung begin _______________
句型转换
(10’/1)
1. He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _________ After he had stood up, he cleaned the window. 2. His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用before合并句子) His father______ ____ Beijing before had ______ gone to arrived home. he _________
sing_________________ had brought
had opened bring________________ open________________
用所给动词的正确形式填空．(10’/1)
had turned off 1. He_______________ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom.
按要求改写下列句子．(5’/1)
Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV.
Simon hadn’t finished his homework 否定句：before he watched TV.
英语：过去完成时态
Eg. 1.When I got to the cinema, the film had begun for ten minutes. 2.When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for ten minutes. 3.He said the door had been opend for long. 4.He said the door had opened for long. 5.He said the door had been open for knew, heard, thought 等引导的 宾语从句中。 Eg. He told me that he had heard of it. I thought my homework had been fininshed. But I didn’t. 3、 从过去开始， 一直持续到过去的另一时间 的动作、状态。常用since，for. Eg. She said that she had learned English for years since he came to our school 注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及since, for 引导的从句和短语连用。
常用的时间状语等标志词： 1、by, before, when, by the time等构成的短语 或引导的从句。 Eg. 1)By the time she came to the bus stop, the bus had already gone. 2) We had finished the task before midnight. 3) When I arrived at the post office, I found that I had left the letter at home. 4) After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.
过去完成时态
过去完成时态过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词+其他）？基本用法（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
以上内容转自小精灵网（)例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。
他以前是我的好友。
过去完成时态
过去完成时态㈠过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态由“助动词had (用于各种时态和数)+过去分词”构成。
㈡过去完成时态的用法：①过去完成时态表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，它是一种相对的时态，即相对于一般过去时态而言的，没有一般过去时态就没有过去完成时态。
过去完成时态常与by, by the time, before, by the end of等介词短语或时间状语从句搭配。
如：By the time he was ten, he had learned 200 English words.到十岁时，他已经学习了二百个英语单词。
I had seen you before you saw me. 在你看到我之前，我已看到了你。
②表示从过去开始，持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。
常与for引导的一段时间连用，此时谓语动词只能用表示延续性的动词。
He had studied English for two hours when I called him.当我给他打电话时他已经学英语两个小时了。
③用在宾语从句中，主句谓语为一般过去时态时，从句用过去完成时态，代替现在完成时态或一般过去时态。
如：The teacher asked me what had happened to me.老师问我发生了什么事。
㈢过去完成时态和一般过去时态的区别：两者都表示过去的动作，但是一般过去时态表示的是相对于现在的过去时间，而过去完成时态表示的是相对于过去某一时刻的过去，即过去的过去。
如：They had finished that work yesterday. (×)They finished that work yesterday. (√) 他们昨天完成了那项工作。
Most of students arrived before 4 yesterday afternoon.(×)Most of students had arrived before 4 yesterday afternoon. (√)㈣当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时态。
过去完成时态
主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.
②否定句：主语+hadn't +过去分词.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.
否定回答：No,主语+hadn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）
（3） 用在含有before的主从复合句中
用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如：
Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.
有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较：
Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。
（4） 用在含有when的主从复合句中
由于when本身不能明确表示时间的一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句，也可能是从句。例如：
⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词。
二、过去完成时的用法
1. 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。句中常用by， before， when， until等词引导的时间状语。它是以过去某一时间为起点，所以过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。例如：
过去完成时态
o’clock yesterday afternoon.
过去完成时态3
否定，疑问，特殊疑问句
• * 否定形式 had+not • 1) She hadn’t finished her homework by the
Exercises: 变成一般疑问句
1）Tom had read all the books on the shelf. 2) We had found him when teacher came in. 3) Mary had lost all the tickets. Keys: 1）Had Tom read all the books on the shelf? 2) Had you found him when teacher came in? 3) Had Mary lost all the tickets?
place 2) They had wanted to go to Hangzhou. 3) We had planned to go out to fly the kite
yesterday.
过去完成时综合练习
一。动词时态填空。 1) They
1. They had watched the movie 3 times by the end last weekend. (少of，句子错误)
2. Kate have finished all her works by the end of last year. (时态错误）
3. We had noticed him many times at the end of 9:00 (介词用错了）
动词时态-过去完成时态
过去完成时态也可以用来描述在过去的某个时间点之前已经存在的状态。例如，“He had been working in the company for five years before he left.”（他离开之前，已经在公 司工作了五年。）
表示过去的某个动作之前已经开始的动作
特点
过去完成时态由助动词“had”+ 过去分词构成，表示动作发生在 过去的另一个过去的时间点之前 。
过去完成时态的用法
表示过去的某个动作之前已经完成的动作
当你想表达在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成了某个动作，可以使用过去完成时态。例如， “I had written the letter before she came.”（在她来之前，我已经写完了信。）
VS
语境适用性不同
过去完成时态常用于描述过去的某个事件 之前的情况，强调动作的先后顺序和完成 状态，而过去简单时态则更常用于描述某 个具体的过去时间点发生的动作，不涉及 动作的先后顺序或完成状态。
REPORT
CATALOG
DATE
ANALYSIS
SUMMAR Y
05
练习与巩固
填空练习
总结词：掌握基础
DATE
ANALYSIS
SUMMAR Y
02
过去完成时态的构成
基本构成
基本结构
助动词had + 过去分词
表达含义
表示某个动作在过去某个时间之前已经完成
肯定句构成
举例
I had finished my homework before going to bed.（睡觉之前我已经完成了作 业。）
构成
主语 + had + 过去分词 + 时间状语
过去完成时态
正确答案为D。guests先"离开", Tom后"到达"。
二、主语+过去完成时+by短语。例如: We _____ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 根据by短语中的last year得知, 正确 选项为A。
过去完成时常用句型： 一、主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句(从
句谓语动词为过去式)。例如: Tom was surprised that most of the gues ts _____ when he ______ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
过去完成时态 1）过去完成时态的构成：
肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had …+ 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + had.
No, 主 + hadn’t. 缩写形式：I’d, he’d,、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图, 用过去完成时。常用动词有: hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, want等。例如: They had wanted to help but couldn’t g et here in time. 他们本来是要来帮忙的, 但未能及时赶 到。
过去完成时态
过去完成时态一、过去完成时态构成：助动词had（通用于各种人称和数）+过去分词二、过去完成时的用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
它表示动作发生在过去的过去。
与by、before等构成的短语连用。
三、过去完成时的句式1．陈述句（Statements ）They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.在他们到达旅馆之前，他们已经吃早饭了。
从句中arrived at到达在过去的时间，而had already had吃早饭的动作发生在到达之前，因此主句的时态为过去的过去。
I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning. 今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。
She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera. 当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。
I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes. 我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。
2．否定句（Negative）He remembered he hadn't paid for it yet.He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before.他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的鸟。
3．疑问句（Questions）How many English flushed had you seen by the end of last term?到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？Had you reached the station before ten o'clock?到十点以前，你们已经到达火车站了吗？四、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由助动词had (通用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词构成。
过去完成时态的结构与用法
过去完成时态的结构与用法什么是过去完成时态过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense）是英语中的一个时态，用于描述在过去某一时间之前已经发生的动作或情况。
在叙述过去的事件时，我们可以使用过去完成时态来表达一种“过去的过去”。
过去完成时态的结构过去完成时态的结构由以下部分组成： - had + 过去分词例如： - She had finished her homework before he arrived.在这个例句中，“had finished”是过去完成时态的形式，表示在过去某个时间点之前，她已经完成了作业。
过去完成时态与过去时态经常一起使用，通常过去完成时态的动作发生在过去时态中叙述的另一个过去事件之前。
过去完成时态的用法过去完成时态的主要用途有以下几种：1.表示在过去某个特定时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作。
例如：–I had already eaten breakfast by the time he woke up.在这个例句中，“had already eaten”表示在他醒来之前，我已经吃过早饭了。
2.表示发生在过去另一个动作之前的动作。
例如：–They had finished dinner when the guests arrived.在这个例句中，“had finished”表示在客人到达之前，他们已经吃完晚饭了。
3.表示遗憾的动作或未实现的愿望。
例如：–She wished she hadn’t eaten so much.在这个例句中，“hadn’t eaten”表达了对过去吃得太多的遗憾。
4.在间接引语中用于描述过去的陈述或建议。
例如：–He said that he had already seen the movie.在这个例句中，“had already seen”是间接引语中的过去完成时态，表示他在说话时已经看过电影了。
过去完成时态的标志词有些词语和短语可以作为线索，表明需要使用过去完成时态。
过去完成时态
过去完成时态过去完成时态指的是在过去的某个时间点或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。
在英语中，过去完成时态通常由"had + 过去分词"的形式构成。
接下来，我们将通过一些例句和用法解释来详细说明过去完成时态。
1. 用于两个过去的动作，表示先发生的动作：- I had already finished my homework before she came home.(她回家之前，我已经完成作业了。
)- They had left the office when the boss arrived.(老板到达的时候，他们已经离开办公室了。
)2. 用于描述过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作：- By the time I woke up, my mom had already prepared breakfast.(我醒来时，我妈妈已经准备好早饭了。
)- The plane had taken off before we reached the airport.(我们到达机场之前，飞机已经起飞了。
)3. 用于句子前半部分的虚拟条件句：- If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her.(如果我知道她生病了，我会去探望她的。
)- If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.(如果她学习更努力，她就能通过考试了。
)4. 用于描述过去某个时间之前一直持续的状态：- They had been friends since high school.(他们从高中开始就是朋友了。
)- I had known him for years before he moved away.(在他搬走之前，我已经认识他好几年了。
)5. 用于间接引语中，表示某人在过去的过去说过的话：- He said that he had finished his project by the end of last month.(他说他在上个月底之前已经完成了他的项目。
过去完成时态
肯定回答#43; hadn’t.
例如：①肯定句：She had left by the time I arrived.我到达以前，她已经离开了。 ②否定句：She hadn’t left by the time I arrived.
例如：by then end of last term 到上学期末
（3）by the time + 一般过去时态的句子
例如：By the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
（4）up till/until + 过去的时间点连用。
2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。 常用表延续的时间状语如：by the end of +过去的时间点；by the time + 从句等。 例如：By the end of last year, she had worked in the factory for twenty years.
?1
到去年年底，她已经在这家工厂工作20年了。
五、过去完成时态的判断依据
（一）由时间状语来判定
（1）by + 过去的时间点。 例如：①by 9 o’clock 截至到9点（在9点前）
②by last week 截至到上周（在上周前）
③by then 截至到那时。
（2）by the end of + 过去的时间点 截至到??末/底。
过去完成时态?
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过去完成时态学习目标1.了解过去完成时定义、构成、用法。
2.掌握过去完成时与现在完成时的区别及用法。
3.进一步学习延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别及转变。
定义：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的时间是过去的过去。
只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到这个时态。
这个时态常常用于宾语从句中。
构成：主+had+过去分词我们可以用time line来比较过去完成时与一般过去时的不同，也比较两种时态。
1.He said he had been to Hawaii twice.2.They wondered if the bus had gone.3.By the end of last year, he had learned 1000 English words .4.He had gone to England before 2000.5.When I got there, Mr. Li had left .一．过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3 ）before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如：She said that she had seen the film before.( 2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.(3). 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 过去完成时用法一：1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。
一、练习1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。
By yesterday evening, he ___________ (write) that letter2. 他说他以前见过你。
He said that he ____________(see) you before.3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。
When I came in ,he ________________(finish) his homework.4.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).过去完成时用法二：2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
常用的动词为延续性动词。
如果动词为非延续性的，和一段时间连用时，要转变成延续性动词，常用动词总结如下：borrow--buy--open--close--start/begin-finish/end-die--sleep--leave--join--二、练习1.He said that he_____for two years.A.has been awayB.had been awayC.has left D had left2.By the time I got to the cinema, the film_____ for ten minutes.A.had begunB.had been onC.has beganD.has been on3.When I got outside,the bus ____ already_____.A.has left B has been away C.had left D.had been away4.We knew he _____the book for three years.A.has hadB.had hadC.has borrowedD.had borrowed三、练习1. After he _________ (finish) his work ，he went out2. The children ran away after they ___________ (break) the window.3. I went to Tom’s house but he __________ (go) out.4. Annie tells me that his father ____________ ( go ) to Paris and he ____________ ( come ) back in a few days5. My friend __________ (buy) the car two years ago. He ________________ (buy) it for two years.拓展训练1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A.where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked5. She said she __________ the film alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen6. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityＣ. had completed an university D. had completed university7. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at8. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.9. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done10 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work11. By the end of last week, they ___ the bridge.A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed12. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns。