英语中的部分否定

英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：
一、all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示\"并非都……\"、\"不是所有的都……\"例如：
Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。

Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长很高。

二、both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) \"并非两个……都……\" 例如：
I don\'t want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。

Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。

三、every…的否定式：\"不是每……都……\" 例如：
Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。

This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。

四、always的否定式：\"并非总是（并非一直）……\" 例如：
He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

五、entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：\"不完全……\"，\"并非完全……\" 例如：
The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。

I don\'t agree completely. 我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。

六、all the time 的否定式：\"并非一直……\"、\"未必老是……\" 例如：
A foolish man doesn\'t make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。

七、not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。

例如：
He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。

例如：
All of them can do it.---None of them can do it.
Both are good.---Neither is good.
Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.
He is always late. --- He is never late.
We don\'t trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.
He was here all the time. --- He was never here
主题反复：
Absorb, assimilate, digest, …
Accomplish, achieve, complete, fulfill, realize…
Aggression, attack, invasion, offense, assault…
Begin, commence, launch, start ….
Danger, hazard, risk, venture…
Duty, obligation, responsibility…
态度呈现：
修饰论据的adj. accurate, correct, exact, precise, true, authentic, genuine, adequate, sufficient, believable, convincing, plausible, credible,
作者感受的adj. afraid, frightened, scared, fearful, angry, furious, indignant, ashamed, 修饰论据的Adj. absurd, silly, foolish, ridiculous,
v. accuse, blame, charge, denounce, criticize, bother, disturb, …
v. acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, ….
n. benefit, advantage, gains指代总结：
These changes, this trend, such tendency, all these phenomena, the troubles mentioned above …
观点呈现
n. Advice, suggestion, proposal, idea, notion, assertion,
n. assumption, guess, anticipation, expectation…
v. Announce, declare, proclaim, argue, clarify, explain, discover, indicate, hint, suggest, ..
v. anticipate, expect, foresee
转折对比
But, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, ..
In fact, actually, as a matter of fact…
Unexpectedly, ..
Unfortunately, ….
Sadly, …
Now, …currently, … presently …
A is different from B.
A is dissimilar to B.
B …. On the contrary, A…
Unlike B, A …..
A and
B are quite distinct from each other.
A and
B are from diverse backgrounds.
X vary from A to B.
A surpass B.
A outweigh B
A is ahead of B
A is superior to B
A is senior to B
A is prior to B强烈语气
震惊：surprising, astonishing, amazing, alarming, shocking, startling, ….
最高级：the most，the best…
情态动词：must…
程度副词：far, distinctly, absolutely, thoroughly, completely, ….
特殊句式：倒装，感叹……To our surprise, …. It is mysterious that ….因果关系
A is the basis of B
A give a high yield of B
A has a side-effect: B
A has a by-product: B
A give rise to B
A give birth to B
A contribute to B
A lead to B
A result in B
A is responsible for B.
A evoke B
A induce B
A provoke B
Sb. do B in response to A
Sb. do B in search of A.
Sb. do B on grounds of A.
B takes roots in A.
B stem from A.
B derive from A
B originate from A
Sb. owe B to A.
Sb. attribute B to A
Sb. view A as the source of B
A… Therefore, B ….
Accordingly, Hence, Thus ….
形近辨析：
1. Accent, ascent
2. Access, assess, excess
3. Acclaim, declaim, proclaim
4. Acquire, enquire, require
5. Afflict, inflict
6. Allusion, elusion
7. Amend, emend
8. Amoral, immoral, unmoral
9. Appraise, apprise
10. Apprehension, comprehension
11. Attempt, contempt, tempt
12. Attribute, contribute, distribute, tribute
13. Attitude, aptitude
14. Avert, divert
15. Bleach, bleak
16. Campaign, champion
17. Celebrate, celebrity
18. Clarity, charity
19. Commence, commend, commerce
20. Compassionate, compensate, complacent, complement, compliment
21. Conference, interference, reference
22. Confirm, conform, inform
23. Contend, content, consent, contest, context
24. Consequent, subsequent
25. Conservation, conversation
26. Decent, descent
27. Defective, defensive, deficient
28. Delicate, delicate, dictate
29. Describe, prescribe, subscribe
30. Disapprove, disprove
31. Discreet, discrete
32. Distinct, distinctive, distinguished
33. Evoke, provoke, revoke
34. Freight, fright
35. Grateful, graceful, gracious, precious
36. Habitat, habitant, habitable, habitual
37. Incomparable, incompatible
38. Indispensible, indisputable
39. Intricate, intrinsic
40. Ingenious, ingenuous
41. Initiate, imitate, intimate
42. Later, latter, latest, lately
43. Notable, notorious
44. Oppress, suppress, depress
45. Pension, passion, pensive
46. Perspective, prospective, prospect
47. Primitive, primary, preliminary
48. Promote, prompt
49. Qualitative, quantitative
50. Reveal, revival, rival
51. Strike, stride, strive
52. Superficial, superfluous, superstitious
53. Temper, temperament, temperance, temptation 热点熟词僻义总结
1 allow
allow 承认admit
We must allow that he is right on this matter.
2 address
address vt 处理To deal with:
addressed the issue of absenteeism. 处理旷工事宜
3 advantage
take advantage of 欺骗(deceive) 对……加以利用
took advantage of the customer. 欺骗消费者
4 appreciate
appreciate v.意识到(realize) 抬高…价格、涨价
I appreciate that I may be wrong.
This land has appreciated in value.
这块土地增值了。

5 apprehension
apprehension 忧虑、担心；逮捕、理解
The student looked around the examination room with apprehension.
那名学生恐惧地观看检查室的四周。

6 apprehensive
apprehensive 理解的不安的,忧虑的(意思和用法等同于afraid) apprehensive for sb.'s safety
担心某人的安全
7 approach
approach 着手To begin to deal with or work on:
approached the task with dread.
惶恐地开始着手这项任务
8 arch
arch adj 调皮的，顽皮的n.弓形
an arch smile 调皮的微笑
He tapped the side of his nose in an uncharacteristically arch gesture.
9 argument
argument 论点，论据
10 as
not so much...as"表示"与其说是……倒不如说"。

否定前者肯定后者
1. He is not so much a writer as a reporter.
2. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.(摘自真题)
It's not so much a hobby as a career (= more like a career than a hobby).
assume 承担，假装，假定，设想，
assume an obligation 承担义务
12 balance
balance sheet 资产负债表
13 balance
balance 余额
Something that is left over; a remainder.
余额：剩下的某物；余数
14 bottle
bottle up 装入瓶中控制(抑制)To hold in; restrain:
bottled up my emotions.
15 cater
cater 食物，投合(cater for)
catering 公共饮食catering industry 公共饮食业
Most of our work now involves catering for weddings.
16 check
check 控制阻碍The condition of being stopped or held back; restraint: kept my temper in check; holding agricultural pests in check with sprays. 克制我的脾气；用喷雾剂灭农业害虫
17 chest
chest 箱子
trunk 箱子、象鼻子
18 claim
claim 索赔
The sum of money demanded. 赔款：要求得到的金额
You can make a claim on your insurance policy.
19 compound
compound n.集中营、围栏隔开或保围的建筑物或建筑群、化合物21 compromise
compromise 危害妥协
A concession to something detrimental or pejorative:
危害：对于一些有害或恶劣情况的让步：
Such conduct will compromise your reputation.
如此举动将会损害你的名誉。

22 contain
contain v. 制服(To halt the spread or development of)
The man was later contained by the police.
23 context
social context 社会大环境
control (科技)对照(实验)
controlled experiment
25 controller
controller 大企业的会计
26 couch
couch vt.表达(express),隐含n. 躺椅
The reply was couched in insolent terms.
回答措辞蛮横
27 count
count n&v
1计算,
2包括
there are 10 people in classroom counting 2 teachers
3控诉的罪The prison was found not guilty on all counts
4以为,视为She was counted among the greatest dancers
5 有价值It is not how much you read but what you read that counts
(重要的不是你读了多少,而是你读了什么)
6 count for 有价值To have a specified importance or value:
Their opinions count for little. Each basket counts for two points.
他们的观点没什么价值。

每投一球得两分
27 count on 信任rely on,depend on
28 crack
crack down vi 制裁，To act more forcefully to regulate, repress, or restrain The police cracked down on speeding. 警察取缔超速行车
The government cracked down on violators. 政府对于违法者采取严厉手段。

29 cream
cream 精华The choicest part
30 crook
crook 小偷，钩子＝thief
That salesman is a real crook.
31 cultivate
cultivate sb. 结识某人
He always tried to cultivate famous people
32 custom
custom n 海关,关税
33 damages
damages 赔偿金(复数)＝compensation
34 deposit
deposit 押金定金
eft a $100 deposit toward the purchase of a stereo system.
为了买一套立体声系统，留下了100美元的订金
35 desert
desert vt抛弃，沙漠deserter 叛离者，逃兵，
She was deserted by her husband.
36 dictate
dictate n. 指示(指理智,变心) 指导原则A guiding principle
followed the dictates of my conscience.
接受我的良心的支配
37 digest
digest 忍受To endure or bear patiently.
I can't digest her endless complaint noise a moment longer.
我一刻也忍受不了她那没完没了的抱怨。

38 discipline
discipline 学科，纪律
The new recruits were drawn from a range of academic disciplines.
39 element
the elements 天气(一定是复数形式)
The football match went on as scheduled even though the elements were against it. 尽管天气很坏,足球比赛还是按计划进行。

40 embarrass
embarrass 阻碍(embar v.囚禁, 阻遏)To hinder with obstacles or difficulties; impede.
What embarrasses your making an early start?
什么事妨碍你早些动身？
41 even
even n. adj 偶数(奇数odd)
42 exclusive
exclusive n.独家新闻，专卖店里的商品，adj.排他的，唯一的
A news item initially released to only one publication or broadcaster.
独家新闻：只被一家出版社或电台披露的新闻
An exclusive right or privilege, as to market a product.
专有权：一项独有的权利或优先权，如推销一种产品
We feature an exclusive on the mothers whose babies were swapped at birth.
43 express
express adj. 急速的，快捷的
44 fare
fare v 生活＝live n费用
Panda cub fares well！
熊猫崽子活得很好。

45 fitting
fitting n.配件adi.适宜的
46 fumble
fumble v 摸索(grope fro) v 失球To mishandle (a ground ball).
fumble for a key. 摸索着找钥匙
A ball that has been fumbled.
47 gravity
gravity n.重大的后果；严重或重大
They are still quite unaware of the gravity of their problems.
他们仍未意识到问题的严重性
48 ground
ground 根据，论据(常用复数)
Often grounds The foundation for an argument, a belief, or an action; a basis.
常作grounds 根据：争论，信仰或行动的基础；依据
Often grounds The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause:
常作grounds 理由，原因：促使采取行动的根本条件；原由：
grounds for suspicion; a ground for divorce.See Synonyms at base 1
怀疑的原因；离婚的理由参见base1 49 harbor
harbor (harbour海港的变体) 窝藏To give shelter to
harbor refugees; harbor a fugitive. 收留难民；窝藏逃犯
50 husband
husband 节省(economize)，节俭，保存，管理
husband one's energy. 保存体力
to husband one's resources 节约使用资金
51 impart
impart告知，揭发(reveal)，传授
To grant a share of; bestow: 分给；授予：给予某物的一部分；赠予：
impart a subtle flavor; impart some advice. 加少许调料；给予一些建议
To make known; disclose: 告知；透露：
persuaded to impart the secret. 劝说透露秘密
52 inspire
inspire 吸入，鼓舞(inspirator 注射器)
To draw in (air) by inhaling. 吸入空气
53 issue
issue n 结果(A final result) vi 造成...结果
issue from 由于...的原因(用法和result一样)
His difficulties in his work issue from his lack of experience.
issue in 结果是，以…结束
The accident issued in his death.
这一车祸造成他的死亡。

54 kite
kite n. 风筝, 空头支票vi.使用空头支票vt. 骗钱
A piece of negotiable paper representing a fictitious financial transaction and
used temporarily to sustain credit or raise money.
空头支票：代表虚构的金融交易的可转让票据，暂时用于维持信贷或筹集钱款55 lead
lead adj 主要的
lead role 主要作用，lead guitar 首席吉他手
56 measure
measure up to ＝live up to 符合, 达到, 够得上
57 metro
metro 地铁an underground train system, especially the one in Paris
58 might
might as well 倒不如
There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.
没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。

59 might
might n. 力量，权威
I pushed the rock with all my might.
60 minor
minor n. 未成年人, adj.未成年的
61 novel
novel adj. 新颖的
Job-sharing is still a novel concept and it will take a while for employers to get used to it.
62 obscure
obscure 不出名的
an obscure poet; an obscure family.
不出名的诗人；卑微的家庭
63 odd
odd 不出名的, 偏僻的：偏远的；位置偏僻的
Found the antique shop in an odd corner of town.
在一个小镇的偏僻角落里发现了这个古玩店
64 odd
odd job 临时工作
65 off
better off (尤指钱)达到某数量的,经济状况好的，富裕的
they are not well off. 他们不富裕
66 offset
offset 平版印刷抵消;
67 outstanding
outstanding 已公开发行且出售的Publicly issued and sold
outstanding stocks and bonds. 已发行的股票和债券
68 particular
particular 挑剔的be particular about
69 phenomenal
phenomenal 异常的；非凡的
a phenomenal feat of memory.
非凡的记忆力
70 policy
policy n. 保险单, 保险凭证
He took out a fire insurance policy for his house.
他参加房屋火灾保险。

71 prejudice
prejudice v. n. 侵害Detriment, injury or compromise
to the prejudice of sb.'s rights
有损于某人的权利
72 proceeds
proceeds n.收入(复数名词)
The amount of money derived from a commercial or fundraising venture; the yield. 收入，获利：从商业或基金机构获得的钱；收益
The proceeds of the concert will go to charity.
73 prospect
prospect 风景,期望,勘探prospect for 勘探
prospect for oil勘探石油
74 ready
ready
1.敏捷的She has a ready tongue 她口齿伶俐
2.甘愿的She is always ready to help 她总是乐意助人
75 regimen
regimen 强化训练课强化身体训练的一课, 政体
76 royalty
royalty 税收，皇室，王权
A share in the proceeds paid to an inventor or a proprietor for the right to use his
or her invention or services.
专利权税：为使用发明或服务而付给发明者或业主的一部分收益
77 scale
scale 攀登，天平＝climb
He has scaled the heights of his profession.
78 seek
sought-after adj. 很吃香的；广受欢迎的sought是seek的过去分词
a sought-after resort. 受欢迎的旅游胜地
79 sport
sport vt 炫耀(flash)
80 spot
on the spot 在现场
立刻(right now)
负责任(Under pressure or attention; in a pressed position.)
81 stomach
stomach n. 兴致(appetite),胃vt 忍受；容忍(endure; tolerate)
had no stomach for quarrels. 没有争吵的兴致
How can you stomach their affronts?你怎么能够忍受他们的侮辱？
82 tap
tap vt保护(protect)，遮蔽n.帽子
Foreign governments also put pressure on the Chinese Government to cap its textile exports.
83 thrust
thrust n 要旨v 刺
The essence; the point: 本质；要点：
The whole thrust of the project was to make money. 计划的核心在于赢利
84 too
only too... 非常very:
only too pleased 再高兴不过了
85 try
try v. 磨难, 考验To subject to great strain or hardship; tax:
The last steep ascent tried my every muscle.
最后一次攀登使我每块肌肉都爱折磨
a trying experience 一段痛苦的经历
86 wild
wild adj 没有根据的Based on little or no evidence or probability; unfounded:
a wild guess 乱猜, 瞎猜
87 yield
yield v 退位
To give place, as to one that is superior:
退让，退位：让位于…，如对于上级：
88 peach
peach n.桃树vt. 告发vi. 告密To inform against:
He has peached me and all the others, to save his life
他告发了我及其他人来保全自己的生命
89 tap
tap 开采(develop)，轻拍，
The highway taps a large district.
这条公路开发了一大片地区。