动词不定式主动表被动的情况

动词不定式主动表被动的

情况：

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，它有时态的变化，有主动和被动之分。当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式所表示动作的承受者时，通常需用不定式的被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to the front. (他请求被派往前线。)但是，在下列情况下，常用不定

式的主动形式来表示被动

的含义：

1. 在“形容词 + 不定

式”结构作表语、宾补和

定语时，其中形容词多为

表示性质的词，如：easy, hard, good, difficult, interesting等。如：These apples are good to eat.

I find the lecture difficult to understand. 我发现这个报告很难懂。

He is a man easy to get on with. 他是一个容易相处的人。

2. 在too...to...或enough...to ...结构中。如：

The box is too heavy to move. 这个箱子太重，搬不动。

The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。

3. 在“疑问代词 + 不定式”结构中。如：

I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步该做什么。

She will tell you which bus to take. 她会告诉你坐哪路公共汽车。

4. 在不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系时。如：I have a meeting to attend today. 今天我有个会议要参加。

He gave me some books to read. 他给了我一些书看。

注意:

（1）用作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”是介词不

能省略。

Can you give me a piece of paper to write on.（2）但如果没有这种主谓关系，则需要用不定式的被动形式。如：

I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have

anything to be taken to your parents

下周我要去北京，你有什么东西(让我)捎给你父母吗

【拓展】常用句型

1)have（give, show）sth. to do

Have you anything to do this afternoon 今天下午你有事要做吗

Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。

2）It（This, That）＋be ＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do

It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很

容易翻译。

5. 在下列句型中，to let, to blame, to seek等用不定形式表示被动含义。如：The house is to let. 这栋房子要出租。

Who is to blame for it 这得怪谁

The reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。

6. 在there be结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如：

There is no time to lose (to be lost). 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。

There are still many difficulties to overcome (to be

overcome). 还有许多困

难要克服。

但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。试比较:

There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do.) 我们现在没事干。There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) 现在没有什么办法了。

There is nothing to see. (nothing worth seeing) 没有东西值得看。

There is nothing to be seen. (nothing there at all) 看不见什么东西。7.在with的复合结构中用主动形式表被动

With a lot of difficult problem to settle, the manager will have a hard time.

练习: 选择填空。练习: 选择填空。

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to __________.

a. sit

b. sit on

c. be sat

d. be sat on 2. I'm hungry. Get me something __________. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating

3. It is difficult for a foreigner __________ Chinese.

a. write

b. to write

c. to be written

d. written 4. I have no more letters __________, thank you.

a. to type

b. typing

c. to be typed

d. typed

5. The car is rather difficult __________. a. to repair b. to be repaired

c. repairing

d. being repaired

独立动词不定式：