腹壁解剖

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腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的临床意义
The Clinical Significance of Inguinal canal Inguinal triangle
--------Oblique
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
inguinal hernia (腹股沟斜疝)
------ Direct inguinal hernia (腹股沟直疝)
肌 肉 的 血 供 和 神 经 支 配
腹 横 筋 膜
腹 膜 下 筋 膜
壁 腹 膜
问题
question?
How many layers are there in each part of abdominal wall?
(腹部不同区域
的层次有何不 同?)
Section 3. 重要局部
腹股沟区Inguinal Region
Obliquus internus abdominis
Aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis
External spermatic fascia 精索外筋膜
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Cremastter 提睾肌
Internal spermatic fascia 精索内筋膜 Tunica vaginalis of testis 睾丸鞘膜
脉;脐周静脉网;胸腹壁静脉)
4.
The cutaneous nerves(皮神经:肋间及肋下神经的前 皮支及外侧皮支;髂腹下神经及髂腹股沟神经)
深层结构:
肌肉(The muscles of abdominal wall)
腹外斜肌腱膜的形成物
inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带 iliopubic arch 髂耻弓
Inguinal triangle (Hesselbach triangle)腹股沟三角
位置:
位于腹股 沟区的内 侧部的三 角形区域

境界 内侧界 — lateral border of rectus abdominis 外上界 — inferior epigastric a. 外下界 — medial part of inguinal ligament
semilunar line 半月线
inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带
Section 2. (The layers of Anterolateral Abdominal Wall)
Skin 皮肤 Superficial fascia 浅筋膜 Anterolateral muscles肌肉 Transversalis fascia 腹横筋膜 Extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜 Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜
The Anatomy of Abdomen(腹部解剖)
主讲:许杰华
E-mail: xujiehua@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
西安交通大学医学院 人体解剖与组织胚胎学系
Outline 讲授大纲

概述Introduction


腹壁层次The layers of the abdominal wall

浅层结构:
1. 2.
Skin 皮肤
Superficial fascia:There are two layers under the
umbilicus脐下浅筋膜分两层:脂肪层(Camper);膜性 层(Scarpa)
3.
The Superficial blood vessels and its clinical significance; (浅血管:腹壁浅动、静脉; 旋髂浅动、静
内容:
腹股沟管内男女性分别通过的结构是精索和子
宫圆韧带
精索Spermatic
Extends
cord
from the deep inguinal ring to the superior extremity of testis
Parietal peritoneum Transvers fascia Trasversus abdominis
lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带 reflected ligament 返转韧带
Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环
腹内斜肌和腹横肌的形成结构
Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰(联合腱 Conjoined tendon)
三层扁肌共同参与的形成结构
腹直肌鞘 sheath of rectus abdominis


胃; 肝脏;肝外胆道;肾脏
Section 1 Introduction of the abdomen

位置(Position): 位于胸部和
盆部之间

境界 (Boundaries of abdomen)
上界— 即胸部的下界; 下界—耻骨联合上缘起始向两 侧经耻骨嵴、耻骨结节 后沿腹股沟经髂前上棘、 髂嵴及髂后上棘达第5
不同类型疝疝囊突出部位
腹股沟 直疝
腹股沟 斜疝
股疝
疝囊(腹膜)
腹股沟斜疝
疝囊(腹膜) 腹股沟直疝

问题(Question)?
are the differences between
What
direct and indirect inguinal hernias (腹股沟直疝和斜疝有何不同,如何

体表标志 Surface Marker xiphoid 剑突 iliac crest 髂嵴 costal arch 肋弓 pubic symphysis 耻骨联合
pubic tubercle 耻骨结节
superior anterior iliac spine 髂前上棘
umbilicus 脐 linea alba 白线
腰椎棘突。

结构(Construction) : abdominal wall abdominal cavity visceral organs 分区(Divisions):

4 parts 9 parts
epigastric region 腹上区 umbilical area 脐区 hypogastric region 腹下区 left and right hypochondriac regions 季肋区 left and right lateral (lumbar) regions 外侧区或腰区 left and right iliac (inguinal) regions 髂区或腹股沟区
腹壁的重要局部 The important regions of abdominal wall 腹腔、腹膜及腹膜腔Abdominal cavity, peritoneum and peritoneal cavity 腹腔重要脏器局解The important organs of abdominal cavity
Vaginal cavity
腹股沟管知识点总结


Definition and Position--- above medial part of inguinal ligament, 3~4cm in length Structure--- four walls and two openings * four walls---anteriorly — aponeurosis of OEA, enforced by OIA laterally posteriorly — transversalis fascia, enforced by inguinal falx superiorly — the arch edge of the OIA and TA inferiorly — the inguinal ligament * two openings superficial inguinal ring(腹股沟管浅环或皮下环) --- formed by aponeurosis of OEA deep inguinal ring(腹股沟管深环或腹环) --- formed by transversalis fascia Contents: spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve in male; round ligament of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve in female

Inguinal canal(腹股沟管) Inguinal triangle(腹股沟三角)
Inguinal canal 腹股沟管
定义和位置:
位于腹股沟 韧带内侧半 上方的肌肉 筋膜间隙,
4~5cm in
length
结构--
腹股沟管由四壁两口构成:
四壁:上、下、前、后。

两口(two openings): 浅环(皮下环);深环(腹环)
辨别二者)?
右 季 肋 区 右 腰 区 右髂区
腹上区
左 季 肋 区 左 腰 区 左髂区
脐区
腹下区
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