论文翻译

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论文翻译技巧

论文翻译技巧翻译是将一种语言的表达转化成另一种语言的过程。

对于翻译论文而言，准确传达原文的意思至关重要。

本文将介绍一些论文翻译的技巧，帮助您在翻译过程中表达更准确且流畅的内容。

一、理解原文在进行翻译之前，首先要充分理解原文的内容。

通过仔细阅读原文，了解作者的意图和观点。

在这个阶段，可以将关键点用自己的语言整理出来，以便在翻译过程中更好地把握重点。

二、注意语言风格每种语言都有其独特的语言风格和表达方式。

在翻译过程中，要注意保持原文的语言风格，尽量准确传达作者的思想。

例如，如果原文是正式而严谨的，那么译文也应该保持相同的风格。

三、避免字面翻译字面翻译是指逐字逐句地将原文翻译成另一种语言，通常会导致译文不流畅、意思不准确。

要避免字面翻译，而是要理解原文的意思，并用目标语言准确且通顺地表达出来。

四、选择合适的词汇在翻译过程中，要选择合适的词汇来准确表达原文的含义。

有时候一个词可能会有多种翻译，要根据上下文和语境来选择最合适的翻译。

对于一些特定的术语和概念，可以参考相关的行业词汇或专业术语词典。

五、注重语法和结构语法和句子结构是语言表达的基础。

在翻译过程中，要注意目标语言的语法规则，确保译文的句子结构正确且通顺。

避免使用过长的句子和复杂的从句，以免给读者造成困扰。

六、注意文化差异不同的语言和文化背景可能会导致译文出现不同的表达方式。

在翻译过程中，要考虑到这些文化差异，并根据目标读者的背景做出适当的调整。

要避免直接翻译文化隐喻和俚语，而是选择更符合目标语言文化的表达方式。

七、审校与修改翻译工作完成后，一定要进行审校和修改。

在这个过程中，要仔细检查译文是否准确、通顺，并进行必要的修改。

可以请专业人士或同行进行审校，以确保译文的质量和准确性。

总结通过以上的一些翻译技巧，我们可以更好地进行论文翻译工作。

准确传达原文的意思是翻译的核心，同时要注意语言风格、避免字面翻译、选择合适的词汇、注重语法和句子结构、注意文化差异，并进行审校和修改。

论文中英文翻译

An Analysis of Cooperative Principles andHumorous Effects in Friend s合作原则的分析和在朋友的幽默效应Humor is a very intriguing and fascinating phenomenon of human society, which is multidimensional, complex and all pervasive. Therefore, many scholars and experts at all times and in all over the world have done profound research on humor.幽默是人类社会的一个非常有趣和引人入胜的现象，这是多方面的，复杂和无孔不入的。

所以，在任何时候，在世界各地的许多学者和专家总是对幽默进行深入的研究。

The significant functions of humor have aroused the interest of many scholars. About 2,000 years ago, people began the research on humor. However, the study of humor is not a simple task for the reason that it is an interdisciplinary science drawing upon a wide range of academic disciplines including biology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, geography, history, linguistics, literature, education, family science, and film studies and so on. Moreover, there are different reasons and purposes for humor. One may wish to be sociable, cope better, seem clever, solve problems, make a critical point, enhance therapy, or express something one could not otherwise express by means of humor.显著幽默的功能已引起许多学者的兴趣。

论文翻译技巧

论文翻译技巧翻译是一项重要的技能，特别是在学术领域中。

研究人员经常需要翻译他人的研究成果，以便在国际学术界传播和交流。

然而，在翻译学术论文时，有一些技巧和方法可以帮助提高翻译的质量和准确性。

本文将介绍一些论文翻译的技巧，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用。

一、理解原文在开始翻译之前，首先要彻底理解原文内容。

这包括对主题和背景的理解，以及在学术论文中常用的术语和特定表达方式的熟悉。

通过对原文内容的深入理解，翻译者可以更好地把握文章的逻辑结构和论证思路，从而更准确地传达作者的意图。

二、注意语言风格学术论文通常采用正式的语言风格，具有严谨、准确和客观的特点。

在翻译过程中，翻译者需要尽量保持原文的语言风格，以免引入自己的主观色彩或误导读者。

同时，翻译者还应注意使用恰当的学术术语和常用表达方式，以确保翻译的准确性和可读性。

三、逐句翻译在翻译学术论文时，建议采用逐句翻译的方法。

这意味着翻译者应该逐句读取原文，理解其意思，然后将其翻译成目标语言。

逐句翻译有助于减少翻译错误和遗漏，同时保持文章的一致性和流畅性。

在逐句翻译时，翻译者还应注意文章的语法结构和句子的连贯性，以确保翻译的准确性和可读性。

四、注意上下文在翻译学术论文时，上下文是非常重要的。

翻译者应该适当考虑原文所在的学术背景和研究领域，以确保翻译的准确性和专业性。

同时，翻译者还应注意原文前后句子的联系和衔接，以保持整篇文章的逻辑连贯和完整性。

在处理歧义和模棱两可的表达时，翻译者应根据上下文和语境来进行准确翻译，以避免歧义和误导。

五、查阅工具和参考资料在翻译学术论文时，翻译者可以使用各种查阅工具和参考资料，以帮助理解和准确翻译。

这包括词典、词汇表、学术论文库等。

通过查询和比对，翻译者可以更好地理解术语和短语的含义，并找到最合适的翻译方式。

然而，翻译者也应注意查阅工具和参考资料的可靠性和权威性，以确保翻译的准确性和可信性。

六、润色和校对在完成翻译后，翻译者应进行润色和校对工作，以确保翻译的质量和准确性。

论文翻译技巧

论文翻译技巧翻译是一种艺术，尤其是在学术领域，翻译论文更是如此。

翻译论文要求准确传达原文的内容，同时保持流畅、通顺和专业。

为此，本文将介绍一些论文翻译的技巧，帮助翻译人员提高翻译质量和效率。

一、认真理解原文内容翻译论文首先要确保对原文内容的准确理解。

只有理解了原文的主旨、逻辑结构和关键词汇，才能有效地进行翻译。

因此，在翻译之前，应该仔细阅读原文，明确其核心意义和表达方式。

二、选择恰当的词语和术语翻译论文需要使用准确、专业的词语和术语。

为了确保翻译质量，翻译人员应该熟悉所涉及领域的专业术语，并根据上下文进行恰当选择。

此外，还需要注意一词多义和双关语的翻译，避免产生歧义。

三、保持文体风格的一致性论文通常采用正式、学术的文体风格，翻译时要保持原文的风格特点。

例如，如果原文使用了一些特定的语言结构或者修辞手法，翻译时也应尽量保持一致。

同时，还应注意避免使用口语化的词语和表达方式。

四、注意段落和句子结构翻译论文时，每一段的结构、逻辑关系和转折点都应精确传达。

对于长句子，可以适当进行分割，以免影响读者的理解。

句子间的连贯性也需要注意，使用适当的过渡词和短语来确保段落和句子之间的衔接。

五、确保正确使用语法和标点语法错误和标点符号的不当使用会严重影响论文翻译的质量。

因此，翻译人员应该熟悉所用语言的语法规则和标点符号的使用方法，避免产生错误。

通过反复校对和修改，确保语法和标点的准确无误。

六、参考其他翻译资源翻译论文时，可以参考其他相关翻译资源，如专业词典、术语数据库等。

这些资源可以帮助翻译人员解决一些翻译难题，提供准确的词语和短语选择。

但是需要注意，参考资源时要保持翻译的原创性，避免直接抄袭。

七、审校和修改论文翻译完成后，还需要进行审校和修改，以确保翻译质量。

审校时应细致检查译文的语言准确性、流畅性和逻辑性，并与原文进行仔细对照。

发现问题时，及时修改并进行反复校对，直到达到满意的效果为止。

总结：论文翻译是一项复杂而具有挑战性的任务。

论文翻译

第一章：简介1.1原因空调被定义为：“在一个室内环境中，维持空气恒温、恒湿、清洁和循环的过程。

大多数的空调系统都用于保证人体舒适或者过程控制。

如今，随着生活水平的逐渐提高，在我们的日常生活中，空调的作用越来越显著，尤其是在像香港这样处于热带和亚热带的地区。

比如说，如今中国46.5%的城市居民的家中有空调；在日本，这一比例高达约70%.中国作为全球空调生产量最多的国家，一年卖出大约一千两百万台空调，同时中国有着许多空调著名品牌：海尔，美的，科龙，格力等等。

在全球的暖气，通风和空调的产业中，美国的约克、开利和特灵空调品牌，以及日本的大金，中国的远大等等品牌都是行业领导者。

因此，即使是微小的产业技术提升都可能创造巨大的财富。

另一方面，空调也占据了日常耗能的大头。

举例说，在美国由于使用空调产生的能耗占全美的40%，而这一数据在中国是15%。

此外，市面上大多数的空调都是利用制冷剂压缩技术，而正是这通过把氟氯烃作为制冷剂然后靠电能来压缩的方式引发了许多环境问题。

其中就包括所谓的温室效应——通过燃烧化石燃料来发电，还有因为氟氯烃泄露造成的臭氧层空洞。

面对全球性的能源和环境危机，提高能源利用率同时发展环保型的空调系统显得格外重要。

为了达到这一目标，在过去的数十年里诞生了一系列创新技术。

笼统的来讲，这些技术可以分为三类。

第一种是寻找新的环保的制冷剂，同时拥有很好的压缩比。

可行的制冷剂包括二氧化碳,氮气，水等等；第二种是提升现存的制冷剂利用率或者寻找新的制冷方式。

比如说吸入式制冷，热电性制冷等等；最后一种就是提升发动机效率把空调能耗和输出维持在一个稳定的水平上，尤其是建筑中的中央空调系统。

到目前为止，利用压缩氟氯烃的空调系统仍然是最为稳定的并且销路良好，虽然它们不环保而且非常耗能。

另一方面，这些年压缩式空调的市场潜能越来越高，尤其是在商业和住宅中。

自从它采用了环保的制冷剂后，就可以直接通过热电来驱动。

然而许多棘手的问题仍然存在。

论文翻译的策略与技巧

论文翻译的策略与技巧翻译是一门艺术，需要译者具备广泛的知识储备和深厚的语言功底。

尤其在学术翻译领域中，译者不仅要准确传递原文的意思，还需要对学科专有词汇和表达方式有较为全面的认识。

因此，本文旨在探讨论文翻译的策略与技巧，旨在帮助翻译工作者提高翻译质量和效率。

一、理解原文意思在翻译论文前，首先要理解原文的意思。

这需要译者尽可能多的阅读和分析原文，特别是对于术语、专有名词等重要词汇要有深入的了解。

在理解原文过程中，还要注意上下文的语境和脉络，在保留原文表述风格的前提下，使翻译成文更具可读性。

二、翻译成文的风格论文翻译要求翻译成文风格简练明了，用语精准恰当。

在翻译过程中，尽量避免冗长的句子和过多使用从句，简洁明了的表述方式有助于读者快速理解论文内容。

同时，要注意保留原文的学术语言风格，尤其在对于专业术语的翻译中要准确无误，避免传达错误信息的出现。

三、保留作者原意在翻译过程中，要尽量保留作者的原意。

因此，译者要了解作者所处的学术领域以及文化背景，抓住文章的中心思想和表达方式，更好地传递作者的思想。

此外，还应该尊重原文的结构和用词，力求译文与原文保持连贯性和语言风格的一致性。

四、翻译中遇到困难怎么办？在翻译论文过程中，译者面临着诸如学科专业性强、术语专业性强、语言表达难度大等种种问题。

如何面对这些问题？以下列举几点建议：1.学科背景知识。

要尽量了解研究领域内的学术术语和表达方式，阅读相关文献，提高自己的专业知识和理解能力。

2.查找工具。

翻译论文中，有时会遇到一些生僻、专业术语难以理解的词汇，这时可以进行专用工具的查询，如学术术语词典、百度学术等等，能够让翻译更加准确。

3.与其他翻译员讨论。

有时遇到难翻词汇或翻译策略的问题，可以向其他翻译员请教，听取他们的建议和经验。

4.去处理单词和短语。

这些单词和短语翻译时可以采用一些英汉词典或者是谷歌翻译等神级工具，用来查找不同词汇的解释或者是相似词汇的翻译，例如英文的“title”可以直接查看翻译为“标题”。

论文翻译过程怎么写

专业的论文翻译流程是怎样的？
汉语和英语有很大的不同，特别是在专业性很强的科研领域，经常会
出现一些无法比拟的词汇。

因此，我们需要对它们进行多方面的检查，然后慎重选择合适的表达方式。

因此，要做好科技论文翻译工作，最
为重要的就是要选择对专业的翻译公司。

那么，专业的论文翻译流程
是怎样的？
1、做好准备
在翻译科学论文之前，我们需要做好准备。

第一阶段，翻译人员将阅
读论文全文，以了解论文的专业性和难度；通过对第一阶段的了解，
翻译人员对论文有一定的了解。

此时，他们不会急于翻译，而是先准
备好正式翻译工作所需的专业材料和词汇。

2、进行2次翻译
一般情况下，译者的翻译过程不是一次完成的，他们会先进行粗略翻译，错误率也比较高，但他们会进行第二次翻译。

在这个过程中，译
者会对整个翻译过程进行检查和纠正，这样既能保证翻译效率，又能
很好地控制翻译质量。

3、校对
在科技论文翻译基本完成后，需要专业的校对。

初步翻译完成后，将
由专门的评审小组安排翻译。

这样做的目的是确保论文中没有其他翻
译错误，并对论文的内容和格式进行最终排版。

对于我国许多从事科技研究的人来说，在国际期刊上发表自己的研究
成果是一种肯定。

但是，对于这些专职科研人员来说，他们往往具有
非常深入的科研实力，撰写科研论文也很容易。

然而，他们似乎无法
在国际期刊上发表科研论文，主要是因为语言方面的差异，所以找到
正规的论文翻译公司来合作十分的重要。

论文在线怎么进行翻译,论文翻译需要什么软件

论文在线怎么进行翻译，论文翻译需要什么软件论文翻译怎么在线进行操作呢？毕业了的我们也需要写论文了，我们下载的论文模板是我们不认识的字，这个时候我们就需要将论文进行在线的翻译，翻译成我们认识的文字，然后进行更改，下面小编就为大家操作一下论文翻译怎么在线进行操作。

操作选用工具：迅捷在线翻译
迅捷在线翻译/transfer/
操作说明：在线将论文翻译成我们认识的文字信息，翻译后的论文不会更改原文的大意。

具体操作步骤：
1：在浏览器找到迅捷在线翻译，将自己需要翻译的论文准备好，放在指定的文件夹中。

2：在网站首页找到选择文件，选择需要进行翻译的论文文件。

3：选择需要论文的源语言以及需要进行翻译的语言文字。

4：点击开始翻译，你需要进行翻译的论文文件就会在处理的过程中，请耐心等待。

5：翻译完成的文件会提示翻译完成，然后点击开始下载就可以将文件下载到指定的文件夹中。

学会了论文翻译了吗？是不是觉得很简单呢？希望对您有所帮助。

迅捷在线翻译/transfer/。

毕业论文英语翻译及原文

in the station orthogonal coordinate system origin of a random point can begotthrough the translation androtation of its WGS-84 position vector
=H（ - ）（1）
respectively, the expression can be easily gained as follows
Then, the relation equation between the two baseline vectors is expressedas
There are two steps in the GPS observation data processing course. They are baseline calculationand network adjustment. The baseline vectors in WGS-84 can be firstly got using baseline calculation.Secondly, the baseline vector transformation from WGS-84 to the station orthogonal coordinatesystem can be done with (3). At last, the adjustment of GPS deformatihestation orthogonal coordinate system can be successfully finished.
If the position vector of the station orthogonal coordinate system originP0inWGS-84 isexpressed as = , according to thegeodetic latitude and longitude（，）, theposition vector

论文外文文献翻译

论文外文文献翻译以下是一篇700字左右的论文外文文献翻译：原文题目：The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnostics: A Review原文摘要：In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical diagnostics. AI has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnoses, and can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions. This review aims to examine the current state of AI in medical diagnostics, and discuss its advantages and limitations. Several AI techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, are discussed. The review also examines the ethical and legal considerations associated with the use of AI in medical diagnostics. Overall, AI has shown great promise in improving medical diagnostics, but further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and limitations.AI在医学诊断中发挥的作用：一项综述近年来，人工智能（AI）在医学诊断领域的应用引起了越来越多的关注。

毕业论文外文翻译范例

外文原文(一)Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciple s*M. H. HoeflichFriedrich Carl von Savigny, nobleman, law reformer, champion of the revived German professoriate, and founder of the Historical School of jurisprudence, not only helped to revolutionize the study of law and legal institutions in Germany and in other civil law countries, but also exercised a profound influence on many of the most creative jurists and legal scholars in England and the United States. Nevertheless, tracing the influence of an individual is always a difficult task. It is especially difficult as regards Savigny and the approach to law and legal sources propounded by the Historical School. This difficulty arises, in part, because Savigny was not alone in adopting this approach. Hugo, for instance, espoused quite similar ideas in Germany; George Long echoed many of these concepts in England during the 1850s, and, of course, Sir Henry Sumner Maine also espoused many of these same concepts central to historical jurisprudence in England in the 1860s and 1870s. Thus, when one looks at the doctrinal writings of British and American jurists and legal scholars in the period before 1875, it is often impossible to say with any certainty that a particular idea which sounds very much the sort of thing that might, indeed, have been derived from Savigny's works, was, in fact, so derived. It is possible, nevertheless, to trace much of the influence of Savigny and his legal writings in the United States and in Great Britain during this period with some certainty because so great was his fame and so great was the respect accorded to his published work that explicit references to him and to his work abound in the doctrinal writing of this period, as well as in actual law cases in the courts. Thus, Max Gutzwiller, in his classic study Der einfluss Savignys auf die Entwicklung des International privatrechts, was able to show how Savigny's ideas on conflict of laws influenced such English and American scholars as Story, Phillimore, Burge, and Dicey. Similarly, Andreas Schwarz, in his "Einflusse Deutscher Zivilistik im Auslande," briefly sketched Savigny's influence upon John Austin, Frederick Pollock, and James Bryce. In this article I wish to examine Savigny's influence over a broader spectrum and to draw a picture of his general fame and reputation both in Britain and in the United States as the leading Romanist, legal historian, and German legal academic of his day. The picture of this Anglo-American respect accorded to Savigny and the historical school of jurisprudence which emerges from these sources is fascinating. It sheds light not only upon Savigny’s trans-channel, trans-Atlantic fame, but also upon the extraordinarily*M.H.Hoeflich, Savigny and his Anglo-American Disciples, American Journal of Comparative Law, vol.37, No.1, 1989.cosmopolitan outlook of many of the leading American and English jurists of the time. Of course, when one sets out to trace the influence of a particular individual and his work, it is necessary to demonstrate, if possible, precisely how knowledge of the man and his work was transmitted. In the case of Savigny and his work on Roman law and ideas of historical jurisprudence, there were three principal modes of transmission. First, there was the direct influence he exercised through his contacts with American lawyers and scholars. Second, there was the influence he exercised through his books. Third, there was the influence he exerted indirectly through intermediate scholars and their works. Let us examine each mode separately.I.INFLUENCE OF THE TRANSLATED WORKSWhile American and British interest in German legal scholarship was high in the antebellum period, the number of American and English jurists who could read German fluently was relatively low. Even those who borrowed from the Germans, for instance, Joseph Story, most often had to depend upon translations. It is thus quite important that Savigny’s works were amongst the most frequently translated into English, both in the United States and in Great Britain. His most influential early work, the Vom Beruf unserer Zeitfur Rechtsgeschichte und Gestzgebung, was translated into English by Abraham Hayward and published in London in 1831. Two years earlier the first volume of his History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages was translated by Cathcart and published in Edinburgh. In 1830, as well, a French translation was published at Paris. Sir Erskine Perry's translation of Savigny's Treatise on Possession was published in London in 1848. This was followed by Archibald Brown's epitome of the treatise on possession in 1872 and Rattigan's translation of the second volume of the System as Jural Relations or the Law of Persons in 1884. Guthrie published a translation of the seventh volume of the System as Private International Law at Edinburgh in 1869. Indeed, two English translations were even published in the far flung corners of the British Raj. A translation of the first volume of the System was published by William Holloway at Madras in 1867 and the volume on possession was translated by Kelleher and published at Calcutta in 1888. Thus, the determined English-speaking scholar had ample access to Savigny's works throughout the nineteenth century.Equally important for the dissemination of Savigny's ideas were those books and articles published in English that explained and analyzed his works. A number of these must have played an important role in this process. One of the earliest of these is John Reddie's Historical Notices of the Roman law and of the Progress of its Study in Germany, published at Edinburgh in 1826. Reddie was a noted Scots jurist and held the Gottingen J.U.D. The book, significantly, is dedicated to Gustav Hugo. It is of that genre known as an external history of Roman law-not so much a history of substantive Roman legal doctrine but rather a historyof Roman legal institutions and of the study of Roman law from antiquity through the nineteenth century. It is very much a polemic for the study of Roman law and for the Historical School. It imparts to the reader the excitement of Savigny and his followers about the study of law historically and it is clear that no reader of the work could possibly be left unmoved. It is, in short, the first work of public relations in English on behalf of Savigny and his ideas.Having mentioned Reddie's promotion of Savigny and the Historical School, it is important to understand the level of excitement with which things Roman and especially Roman law were greeted during this period. Many of the finest American jurists were attracted-to use Peter Stein's term-to Roman and Civil law, but attracted in a way that, at times, seems to have been more enthusiastic than intellectual. Similarly, Roman and Civil law excited much interest in Great Britain, as illustrated by the distinctly Roman influence to be found in the work of John Austin. The attraction of Roman and Civil law can be illustrated and best understood, perhaps, in the context of the publicity and excitement in the English-speaking world surrounding the discovery of the only complete manuscript of the classical Roman jurist Gaius' Institutes in Italy in 1816 by the ancient historian and German consul at Rome, B.G. Niebuhr. Niebuhr, the greatest ancient historian of his time, turned to Savigny for help with the Gaius manuscript (indeed, it was Savigny who recognized the manuscript for what it was) and, almost immediately, the books and journals-not just law journals by any means-were filled with accounts of the discovery, its importance to legal historical studies, and, of course, what it said. For instance, the second volume of the American Jurist contains a long article on the civil law by the scholarly Boston lawyer and classicist, John Pickering. The first quarter of the article is a gushing account of the discovery and first publication of the Gaius manuscript and a paean to Niebuhr and Savigny for their role in this. Similarly, in an article published in the London Law Magazine in 1829 on the civil law, the author contemptuously refers to a certain professor who continued to tell his students that the text of Gaius' Institutes was lost for all time. What could better show his ignorance of all things legal and literary than to be unaware of Niebuhr's great discovery?Another example of this reaction to the discovery of the Gaius palimpsest is to be found in David Irving's Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law. This volume is also more a history of Roman legal scholarship and sources than a study of substantive Roman law. Its pages are filled with references to Savigny's Geschichte and its approach clearly reflects the influence of the Historical School. Indeed, Irving speaks of Savigny's work as "one of the most remarkable productions of the age." He must have been truly impressed with German scholarship and must also have been able to convince the Faculty of Advocates, forwhom he was librarian, of the worth of German scholarship, for in 1820 the Faculty sent him to Gottingen so that he might study their law libraries. Irving devotes several pages of his elementary textbook on Roman law to the praise of the "remarkable" discovery of the Gaius palimpsest. He traces the discovery of the text by Niebuhr and Savigny in language that would have befitted an adventure tale. He elaborates on the various labors required to produce a new edition of the text and was particularly impressed by the use of a then new chemical process to make the under text of the palimpsest visible. He speaks of the reception of the new text as being greeted with "ardor and exultation" strong words for those who spend their lives amidst the "musty tomes" of the Roman law.This excitement over the Verona Gaius is really rather strange. Much of the substance of the Gaius text was already known to legal historians and civil lawyers from its incorporation into Justinian's Institutes and so, from a substantive legal perspective, the find was not crucial. The Gaius did provide new information on Roman procedural rules and it did also provide additional information for those scholars attempting to reconstruct pre-Justinianic Roman law. Nevertheless, these contributions alone seem hardly able to justify the excitement the discovery caused. Instead, I think that the Verona Gaius discovery simply hit a chord in the literary and legal community much the same as did the discovery of the Rosetta Stone or of Schliemann’s Troy. Here was a monument of a great civilization brought newly to light and able to be read for the first time in millenia. And just as the Rosetta Stone helped to establish the modern discipline of Egyptology and Schliemann's discoveries assured the development of classical archaeology as a modern academic discipline, the discovery of the Verona Gaius added to the attraction Roman law held for scholars and for lawyers, even amongst those who were not Romanists by profession. Ancillary to this, the discovery and publication of the Gaius manuscript also added to the fame of the two principals involved in the discovery, Niebuhr and Savigny. What this meant in the English-speaking world is that even those who could not or did not wish to read Savigny's technical works knew of him as one of the discoverers of the Gaius text. This fame itself may well have helped in spreading Savigny's legal and philosophical ideas, for, I would suggest, the Gaius "connection" may well have disposed people to read other of Savigny's writings, unconnected to the Gaius, because they were already familiar with his name.Another example of an English-speaking promoter of Savigny is Luther Stearns Cushing, a noted Boston lawyer who lectured on Roman law at the Harvard Law School in 1848-49 and again in 1851- 1852.Cushing published his lectures at Boston in 1854 under the title An Introduction to the Study of Roman Law. He devoted a full chapter to a description of the historical school and to the controversy betweenSavigny and Thibaut over codification. While Cushing attempted to portray fairly the arguments of both sides, he left no doubt as to his preference for Savigny's approach:The labors of the historical school have established an entirely new and distinct era in the study of the Roman jurisprudence; and though these writers cannot be said to have thrown their predecessors into the shade, it seems to be generally admitted, that almost every branch of the Roman law has received some important modification at their hands, and that a knowledge of their writings, to some extent, at least, is essentially necessary to its acquisition.译文(一)萨维尼和他的英美信徒们*M·H·豪弗里奇弗雷德里奇·卡尔·冯·萨维尼出身贵族，是一位出色的法律改革家，也是一位倡导重建德国教授协会的拥护者，还是历史法学派的创建人之一。

学术论文翻译

学术论文翻译Academic Article Translation (500 words)Title: The Impact of Technology on EducationIntroduction:Technology has revolutionized various aspects of our lives, including the field of education. The integration of technology in educational institutions has had a profound impact on teaching and learning. This article aims to explore the different ways technology has transformed education and its advantages and disadvantages.Body:1. Enhanced Access to Information:The most significant contribution technology has made to education is the easy access to information. With the internet and various digital resources, students can search for information on various subjects at any time. This has opened up a world of knowledge that was previously inaccessible. However, the credibility and accuracy of online resources must be carefully evaluated.2. Interactive Learning:Technology has transformed the traditional classroom into a dynamic and interactive learning environment. Tools such as smart boards, multimedia presentations, and online collaboration platforms have made learning more interesting and engaging. Students can participate actively in the learning process, which improves their understanding and retention of information.3. Personalized Learning:Technology allows for personalized learning experiences tailored to each student's needs and abilities. Adaptive learning software and online assessments can track individual progress and provide personalized recommendations and feedback. This individualized learning approach ensures that students can learn at their own pace and focus on areas they find challenging.4. Global Connectivity:Technology has connected students and educators from around the world. Through online platforms and video conferencing, students can collaborate with peers from different countries, exchange ideas, and broaden their cultural perspectives. This global connectivity fosters a sense of global citizenship and prepares students for a more interconnected world.5. Challenges and Concerns:Despite the numerous advantages, technology integration in education also poses challenges and concerns. One major concern is the digital divide, where students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds may not have equal access to technology and digital resources. This inequality can further widen the education gap.Another concern is the potential distraction caused by technology. Students may be tempted to engage in non-educational activities using devices, leading to a decrease in focus and productivity. It is essential for educators to find a balance between incorporating technology into the curriculum and minimizing distractions.Conclusion:Technology has undoubtedly transformed education, enhancing access to information, promoting interactive and personalized learning, and connecting students globally. However, it is crucial to address the challenges and concerns that come with the integration of technology. Education institutions should strive to bridge the digital divide and implement proper strategies to maximize the benefits of technology in education.。

如何进行论文翻译

如何进行论文翻译翻译对我们母语不是英语的中国学生和学者来说都不是一件容易的事。

论文翻译在国内用平常的语句翻译跟论文原文肯定存在着差异。

要想了解国外最新的科研成果，就需要把国外一些文献期刊，学术论文严谨地翻译成中文。

不光是对学者，普通大学生的毕业论文也要求翻译一篇国外相关的外文文献。

在写论文前，我们必须要做的一件事情便是查阅文献。

而很多文献原文都是外文文献，这便要求我们要把这些对应的外文文献翻译成中文才能阅读。

甚至有些研究人员想投递国外的期刊发表自己的论文，自然也是要翻译成英文的。

但是很多的人却不知道应该如何翻译。

下面翻译达人为大家说明一下如何进行论文翻译。

一篇学术论文是由许多的专业词汇和书面词语组成的，那么在翻译的时候，这些词汇的选择便关系到整篇译文的好坏。

因此，选好词很关键。

那么，我们该如何进行选词呢?一，在进行学术论文翻译时，应该通过论文的上下文来正确地理解原文的词义。

因为词的选择正确与否取决于译者对原文的理解。

二，在进行学术论文翻译时需要注意书面词语的使用。

因为这些学术论文不仅使用了大量的专业术语，还会使用一些我们不常用的书面词语。

三，在进行学术论文翻译时，要注意使用名词表示动作，这样翻译出来的文章会更贴切接近原文的意思。

四，在进行学术论文翻译时，应该注意词的搭配。

因为由于语言习惯上的差异，使得英汉两种语言在词语的搭配方面各有差异。

所有在进行翻译的过程中一定要灵活运用，切忌生搬硬套。

五，在翻译的过程中要注意主语和谓语的搭配。

由于语言使用习惯的问题，英语与汉语的主谓搭配差别很大，有些英汉主谓搭配顺序刚好是相反的。

因为，我们在进行翻译的时候要特别注意这些地方。

在翻译过程中，我们要尽量的体现原文的科学性、专业性和严谨性，用心翻译好每一个词句。

以专业者的角度去审视自己的文章内容，看是否缺少什么，有什么需要补充的。

论文怎么在线翻译,在线论文翻译的翻译过程

论文怎么在线翻译，在线论文翻译的翻译过程论文怎么在线进行翻译呢？我们下载的论文很多都是一些英文
版的，我们想要将这些英文版的论文翻译成我们熟知的中文需要怎么操作呢？下面小编就来为大家操作一下在线论文翻译的操作步骤。

操作选用工具：迅捷在线翻译
迅捷在线翻译/transfer/
操作说明：在线把论文文件进行翻译，针对多个论文文件进行一键翻译。

具体操作步骤：
1：将自己的论文准备好放在电脑的文件夹中，在浏览器搜索迅捷在线翻译，进入到网站的首页。

2：在网站的首页将自己文件的源语言以及需要翻译的目标语言。

3：点击选择文件，选择需要进行翻译的论文文件，也可以同时添加多个论文文件进行在线的翻译。

4：点击开始翻译，你需要的论文文件就会在翻译的过程中，请稍微等待一下。

5：翻译完成的论文文件可以直接下载到准备好的文件夹中。

以上就是小编为大家分享的论文翻译的操作步骤，有需要的可以去操作一下。

迅捷在线翻译/transfer/。

论文摘要翻译

论文摘要翻译篇一：五篇论文摘要翻译一电子负载由于其诸多优点，现已替代传统负载广泛应用于电源类产品测试环节。

从程控直流电子负载的整体设计方案入手，采用STM32F103VCT6作为中央控制器，运用多通道AD技术对多路并联的MOSFET上的电压及各支路电流进行实时监测，控制工作在线性状态的MOSFET上的电流，以实现电子负载的恒流、恒压、恒功率和恒电阻4个功能。

详细研究了MOSFET寄生电容引起的自激振荡及消除方法以及PI调节器、滤波器的设计，提出了一种提高多路MOSFET并联的电子负载的稳定性的方法。

针对所提出的电子负载设计方案制作了实验样机，并对其进行了测试、分析和再优化。

Electronic load due to its many advantages, it has been replacing traditional load test is widely used in power supply products. From the overall design scheme of program-controlled dc electronic load, using STM32F103VCT6 as central controller, using multi-channel AD technology of multichannel parallel voltage of MOSFET and each branch circuit for real-time monitoring, control on the linear state of the MOSFET current work, in order to realize the electronic load constant current, constant voltage, constant power and constant resistance four functions. Detailed study of the self-excited oscillation caused by MOSFET parasitic capacitance and eliminating method and the design of PI regulator, filter, this paper proposes a improved multiplex MOSFET parallel method of the stability of the electronic load. In view of the proposed design of the electronic load produced a prototype, and carries on the test, analysis and optimize.二作者主要针对中学物理实验教学的改革和创新提1/ 1。

英文论文翻译技巧

The most beautiful love in the world is the bravery in giving for a person, even if it is wounded so decently, there is no regrets and no complaints.通用参考模板（页眉可删）英文论文翻译技巧英语论文不会翻译?你需要知道一些论文翻译技巧。

赶紧来看看与你分享的英文论文翻译技巧吧。

英文论文翻译的常用技巧【1】1)如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性? 通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，例如:However, little informationHowever, few studiesHowever, none of these studiesHowever, little attentionHowever, few investigationsHowever, little workHowever, few researchersHowever, little dataHowever, few attemptsHowever, no studiesHowever, little researchHowever, few attemptshas (have) been lessdone onfocused onattempted toconductedinvestigatedstudiedwith respect to Previous research (studies, records) has (have)failed to considerignoredmisinterpretedneglected tooverestimatedunderestimatedmisleadedthus, these previus results are inconclisiveUncertainties (discrepancies) still exist misleadingunsatisfactoryquestionablecontroversial2)这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。

论文英文翻译最终版

序号（学号）：040940131长春光华学院毕业设计（论文）译文Electronic technique电子技术姓名盛遵义教学院电气信息学院专业电子信息工程班级电信09401指导教师张淑艳（讲师）2013 年04 月10 日┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊Electronic techniqueFrom the world of radio in the world to a single chip， modern computer technology， industrial revolution， the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy。

Field in the electronic world， from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems。

The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems)， while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems。

radio has created generations of excellence in the world Fifties and sixties in the 20th century，the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology， including radio broadcasting， radio，wireless communications (telegraph)，Amateur Radio， radio positioning，navigation and other telemetry， remote control， remote technology。

英语翻译论文范文

英语翻译论文范文In the contemporary era, the role of technology in education is undeniably significant. The integration of digital tools and platforms has transformed the way educators teach and students learn. This paper aims to explore the multifaceted impact of technology on modern education, focusing on bothits advantages and challenges.Firstly, technology has democratized access to education. With the proliferation of online learning platforms, students from diverse backgrounds can access a wealth of educational resources. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have made it possible for individuals to learn from renowned professors without the constraints of geographical location or financial limitations.Secondly, the use of technology in classrooms has enhanced the interactive and collaborative nature of learning. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtualreality (VR) are some of the tools that have made learning more engaging and immersive. These tools not only cater to different learning styles but also promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills.However, the integration of technology in education is not without its drawbacks. One of the primary concerns is the digital divide, where unequal access to technology can exacerbate existing educational disparities. Additionally,there is a risk of students becoming overly reliant on technology, potentially neglecting the development of essential skills such as critical reading and analytical thinking.Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological advancement presents challenges for educators. It requires continuous professional development to stay abreast of new tools and pedagogical approaches. The balance between traditional teaching methods and technology-assisted learning must be carefully considered to ensure that the educational experience remains holistic and well-rounded.In conclusion, technology has undeniably reshaped the landscape of modern education. While it offers numerous opportunities for enhancing learning experiences, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed. The key lies in harnessing the power of technology to supplement, not supplant, the educational process, ensuring that it serves as a tool for empowering students to become lifelong learners.。