非谓语动词——动名词
非谓语动词-动名词知识点总结
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
Ⅰ、动名词的形式:一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done完成式(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能:一、作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。
二、作表语:In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
非谓语动词不定式,动名词讲解
非谓语动词【非谓语动词】构成:(to )+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)谓 构成:V.-ing语 动名词动 用法(主、宾、表、定)词构成:V. -ing / V.-ed (规则变化)分词用法(表、补、定、状)(一)动名词一、动名词的构成:动名词一般由“动词原形+ing ”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We should improve our teachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
1.动名词作主语动名词作主语相当于一个名词,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式Looking after us was a full-time job,so she stay at home.Collecting stamps is interesting.*动名词作主语表示抽象概念或一般性的动作或情况。
当动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如在it is no use/no good/not any use/not any good/useless doing sth. 句式中,就用it作形式主语,动名词作真正的主语;而动词不定式做主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
非谓语动词之动名词
非谓语动词之动名词一、动名词作主语1.一般置于句首:Reading English is easier than speaking it.2.有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。
It will be nice seeing them again.这类句子结构常见的还有:1)It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success.3)Is it any good…?Is it any good trying to exp1ain?4)It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it.3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语:There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…二、动名词作表语连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.三、动名词作宾语1.作动词宾语:This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词分为四类:动名词--interesting surprising过去分词--interested surprised现在分词-- running waiting动词不定式--to run to wait他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征,因而可以做主语,表语,宾语,定语和状语。
非谓语动词---动词不定式1.要求用不定式作宾语的动词是:want, wish, like, decide, help, begin, forget, learn, agree, ask, begin, decide, seem, try, fail, choose, forget,等等;2.在某些复合宾语中,常先用it代表不定式,而把不定式放到后面去。
例如:He considered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.3.不带to的动词不定式在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。
例如:The teacher makes me rewrite the composition.I heard her say that she was fed up.非谓语动词----动名词1.动名词是由动词原形+ ing构成,在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。
要求用动名词做宾语的动词是:mind, enjoy, miss,, finish, suggest, advise, practise, admit, appreciate, can’t help, consider, dislike, finish, give up, keep on, miss, stop, look forward to, be used to doing, succeed in, look like, feel lik等等。
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。
形式上与现在分词一样,但与现在分词有很大区别。
动名词既具有动词特点,又具有名词特点。
动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、作主语 1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。
例如:Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is…"两种句式来表示。
例如: It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。
但在下列几种情况中不能互换:当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。
但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …二、作表语1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。
非谓语动词-动名词
Nodding the head means agreement. 点头 表示同意。
Reading English in the morning will bring benefits to you.
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Little Tom likes watching cartoon. 小汤姆爱看动画片。
完成式:表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前
I regret having taken her advice. 我后悔 采纳了她的建议。
He was praised for having made a great progress. 由于取得很大的进步,他受到了表扬。
眼见为实。
2. (动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式 主语 it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。) 下列句型中,宜用动名词作真正主语: It’s no use /good doing … It’s a waste of time doing …
而在 It’s important/necessary to do sth 这类句型 中,只能用不定式作真正主语:
To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火是危险的。
下列几种情况中不能互换:
1. 主语和表语的形式须一致
(当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词; 当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式)
Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
他忙于准备功课。
注:
有些动词后面,既可跟动名词也可跟不定 式作宾语,但意义不同。
doing 记得曾经做过... remember
动名词
非谓语动词II——动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
否定式:not+动名词完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动作之前。
动名词复合结构:名词普通格/名词所有格/人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词+doingeg. Do you mind Tom/ Tom’s/ him/ his opening the door?Tom’s / His failing in the exam made his father disappointed.动名词短语作_____语时,其逻辑主语只能用___________和___________两种形式。
Is there any hope of our team winning the match?逻辑主语是无生命名词时,通常只用名词__________。
She was woken up by somebody shouting outside.逻辑主语是指示代词this,that或不定代词somebody, someone, nobody, no one, anybody, anyone时,只用普通格。
练习:1. Seeing is __________. 眼见为实。
2. He came to the party without ____________________.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3. We remembered _____________________the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4. He forgot ________________________ to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5. I regret______________________ his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
6. I’m sorry for ________________________________. 我为他没能通过驾驶考试而感到遗憾。
非谓语动词的主动和进行形式
非谓语动词的主动和进行形式非谓语动词是指在句中不做谓语或主语的动词形式,主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
其中,动名词和现在分词存在主动和进行两种形式。
下面就非谓语动词的主动和进行形式进行详细介绍。
一、动名词的主动和进行形式动名词(-ing形式)是动词的一种非谓语形式,它可以表示动作或状态的延续性和进行性。
动名词的主动形式和进行形式在形态上是相同的,主要通过上下文或使用不同的副词短语来区分。
以下是动名词的主动和进行形式的具体表达方式:1. 动名词主动形式:通常是动名词单独出现或与其他名词短语搭配,表示主动的动作或状态。
例如:- Running (动名词主动形式) is good for your health.(跑步对健康有好处。
)- Swimming (动名词主动形式) is her favorite hobby.(游泳是她最喜欢的爱好。
)2. 动名词进行形式:在动名词前加上相应的副词短语或介词短语,表示进行中的动作或状态。
例如:- He is reading (动名词进行形式) a book in the library.(他正在图书馆看书。
)- They were talking (动名词进行形式) about the movie they watched last night.(他们正在谈论昨晚看的电影。
)二、现在分词的主动和进行形式现在分词(-ing形式)是动词的一种非谓语形式,它可以表示主动或被动的动作或状态。
现在分词的主动形式和进行形式在形态上也是相同的,主要通过上下文或使用不同的副词短语来区分。
以下是现在分词的主动和进行形式的具体表达方式:1. 现在分词主动形式:通常是现在分词单独出现或与其他名词短语搭配,表示主动的动作或状态。
例如:- Working (现在分词主动形式) hard is the key to success.(努力工作是成功的关键。
)- The singing (现在分词主动形式) bird caught my attention.(那只唱歌的鸟引起了我的注意。
非谓语--动名词(已整理)
必修四Unit 2 语法----动名ing (作主语,宾语)姓名:_______非谓语动词:1.动名词:(可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语)2.动词不定3.分词动名词的时态,语态主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定式在动名词(doing)前加上not动名词:一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时,也可在谓语动作之前或之后,有时可能没有明确的先后关系1. 没有明确的先后关系。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。
Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。
2. 与谓语动作同时发生。
He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。
We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。
3. 发生在谓语动作之前。
I apologize for not having kept my promise.我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country.他对国家做了大的贡献而受到表扬After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。
4. 发生在谓语动作之后。
He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。
I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.我想下午去看工业展览。
高考语法复习——非谓语动词之动名词
2. He came to the party without being invited. 3. I regret not having told you it earlier.
4. He forgot having been taken to Hongkong when he was 5. 5. My job is taking care of the garden.
•Would you mind my/me opening the window? •How about our/us going on holiday next week? •The discovery of new evidence led to the thief/the thief’s being caught. •Is there any possibility of the new film being shown tonight? •I always dream of there being a good chance to go abroad. •No one told me about there being a meeting this afternoon.
•There’s no knowing where he has gone.
•There’s no saying what may happen.
1. 作动词的宾语。
接-ing (动名词)作宾语的及物动词:谐音“卖的不是发霉咖啡”
பைடு நூலகம்
delay mind stop
advise
admit escape
fancy
接to do…(动词不定式) 作宾语的及物动词:
谐音“磨 豆 腐 喽”
高中英语语法复习非谓语动词之动名词
高考重点语法项目复习——非谓语动词II动名词一、动名词的基本形式主动语态被动语态时态语态一般式(not) doing (not)being done完成式(not)having done (not)having been done二、动名词的基本用法1. 作主语Eg. Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
动名词作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
Eg. It’s no use waiting here.2.作表语Eg. Her job is washing and cooking.My hobby is collecting stamps.3.作宾语(1)作vt.的宾语Eg. She likes drawing very much.(2)作某些短语动词的宾语Mary is thinking of going back to New York..注:后接动名词作宾语的v.和v.短语口诀:喜欢想象多考虑,避免耽搁和延迟。
enjoy,imagine/fancy, consider, avoid,delay ,put off完成欣赏勤练习,原谅错过莫介意。
finish,appreciate, practice, excuse/forgive, miss, mind.抵制冒险和逃避,忍受结束和放弃。
resist,risk escape,endure /stand, quit , give up.不禁想要多解释,建议期待定继续Can’t help, feel like, explain, suggest, look forward to, keep on。
(3) do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意Eg. We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?(4)作介词的宾语Her sister is good at learning physics..(5 )作形容词worth, busy等的宾语This book is well worth reading.注:动名词作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的动名词后置Eg. We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?4. 作定语There is a swimming pool in our school. (a pool for swimming)三、动名词的复合结构。
非谓语动词之动名词
非谓语动词之动名词(一)做主语和表语。
动名词短语用and连起来做主语时,谓语用复数形式。
例如:Fishing in this lake is forbidden.在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中,It为形式主语,而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。
例如:It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.(二)动名词短语作宾语。
常用的能接动名词的动词有:admit承认,appreciate 感激,avoid 避免,advise 建议,can’t help 不禁,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,complete 完成,contemplate沉思、打算,defer推迟,delay 延期,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,discontinue 停止,dislike不喜欢,dispute不同意,endure 忍耐,enjoy 喜欢,escape 逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy想象,feel like 想要,finish结束,严禁,forgive 原谅,hinder 阻碍,imagine想象,keep 保持,mention 提到,mind 在意,miss 错过,pardon 饶恕、原谅,permit允许,postpone 推迟,practise 实践、练习,prevent 阻止,recall 回忆,report报告,resent 怨恨,resist抵制、阻止,risk冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 明白、理解,等等。
非谓语之动名词
征服语法之
非谓语动词-动名词
动名词概述
New Oriental
• 1.动名词的构成:动词+ing,兼有动词和名 词性质,在句中其名词作用; • I enjoy reading. • He likes playing Pingpang.
动名词的时态和语态
主动 被动
New Oriental
• There is no telling what my happen next.
New Oriental
• 做表语: • Her part-time job is teaching.
New Oriental
• 作宾语: • He is fond of playing football. • I like swimming.
New Oriental
• 完成时态:动名词的动作发生在谓语动词 动作之前
• I am sorry for not having kept my promise.
动名词语态
• Being done • Having been done
New Oriental
• The boy was afraid of being left at home alone. • I don’t understand having been given a chance to do it.
New Oriental
• 作定语 • He has a reading room.
辨析:不定式与动名词作主 语的区别
• Playing with fire is dangerous. • To play with fire in the candle will be dangerous. • 不定式作主语之具体动作; • 动名词作主语表示抽象概念,泛指
非谓语动词语法:动名词的用法
非谓语动词语法:动名词的用法非谓语动词语法:动名词的用法1doing being donehaving done having been done动名词的基本用法:(1)主语:Saving is easier than doing.His coming here will be a great help.It is no use waiting here, he has left.There is no getting along with him.(简直无法和他相处)(2)表语:His job is keeping the hall clean as possible.Seeing is believing.(3)宾语:a. 动词宾语:He admitted taking the book.I do mind your smoking here.重磅要点:下列动词须跟动名词作宾语:admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...特注:以allow为例:allow + doing sth(动名词作宾语)。
但可以:Allow sb to do sth(不定式作宾补)。
这类动词常见如advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.b. 作介词宾语:He left without saying goodbye to us.Im looking forward to meeting you.(to 在这里是介词)(4)定语:reading room swimming pool walking stick动名词时态:I am thinking of setting a new dictionary.(以后)He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.(以前)动名词语态:He doesnt like being flattered.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.动名词复合结构:由名词全部格或物主代词与动名词构成。
动名词非谓语动词详解
动名词非谓语动词详解动名词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式,通常由动词的-ing形式构成,同时具备动词和名词的特点。
动名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
本文将详细解释动名词非谓语动词的用法,并通过例句加以说明。
一、动名词作主语动名词作主语时,通常位于句首,其后跟随一个动词不定式或从句。
动名词作主语可以用来表示一件事情的性质、目的或原因等。
例如:1. Studying regularly is essential for academic success.(频繁学习对学术上的成功是必不可少的。
)2. Swimming helps to keep you fit.(游泳有助于保持身体健康。
)二、动名词作宾语动名词作宾语时,常常用来表示动作发生的经历或喜爱的活动等。
例如:1. I enjoy playing basketball in my free time.(我喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
)2. She admitted stealing the money.(她承认偷了钱。
)三、动名词作表语动名词作表语时,常用来表示主语具备的特征或状态。
例如:1. His favorite activity is dancing.(他最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
)2. The most important thing is staying positive.(最重要的是保持积极。
)四、动名词作定语动名词作定语时,通常位于名词之前,用来修饰名词。
例如:1. I bought a running shoe.(我买了一双跑鞋。
)2. The laughing girl caught everyone's attention.(那个笑着的女孩吸引了所有人的注意。
)五、动名词作状语动名词作状语时,通常位于句子中,用来修饰谓语动词,表示动作的目的、原因、方式、时间、结果等。
例如:1. He went to the library for studying.(他去图书馆是为了学习。
非谓语动词---动名词
名词时用主动形式 ( 表被
动意义)。
4
动名词作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途和作用 reading room 5. 动名词的时态 (1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作
同时发生。 (2)完成式。如果强调动名词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前发生,常用动名词的完成式形式。 Mary regrets having been idle when young. 玛丽很后悔年轻时虚度时光。
My hobby is
(collect)stamps.我爱好集邮。
• 3. 动名词作宾语 • (1)下列动词一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀 • 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。 • 避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。 • 禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。 • consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象,设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape。
1. (Smok) is forbidden here so we don't allow you (smoke). • 这里禁止吸烟,所以我们不允许你吸。 2.We don't allow (smoke) in the hall. • 我们不准在大厅内吸烟。
5.
need require want 之后动名词主动相当于不定式被动
非谓语动词—动名词(英语语法课件)
一、动名词的语法功能
01 作主语
(3)用于“There be”结构中。 There is no saying when he'll come. 很难说他何时回来。
(4) 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构
成 动名词的复合结构。例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
一、动名词的语法功能
03 作表语
My hobby is swimming.
04 作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途 a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is us 作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语 She couldn’t help feeling sorry for the poor man.
某些动词后出现非谓语性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词 有: admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help(can‘t help), imagine, include, keep, understand, mind, report, risk, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest等。
Summary
grammatical functions of gerund
非谓语动词之动名词
动名词
在电影院看电影感觉很不错。 ________________________________ (Watching movies in the cinema feels really good.)
夏天在游泳池游泳很舒服。 ________________________________ (Swimming in the pool in summer is
每当你想要吸烟的时候,就提醒自己,你不再是吸 的人了。 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. (人教6-3)
动名词
他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。 They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. (人教5-4)
他不还我钱让我感到很不舒服。 His not returning me money makes me mad.
我生气的是你不服从我的命令。 I'm mad at your not obeying my orders.
你知不知道他昨天离开了? Have you any idea his leaving yesterday?
It's good to see you. 很高兴见到你。
不定式
能认识你是我的荣幸。 要把一门外语学好不容易。 难说! 做这个家庭作业花了我3小时。 我们不帮他是个错误。
不定式
常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词词组有:give up, insist on, feel like, get down to, look forward to, get used to, can't help等;
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第十五讲:非谓语动词——动名词教学重点:掌握动名词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:动名词的考点依次为作宾语,作主语,作定语,作表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
动名词1.动名词简述:动名词是三种非谓语动词的一种。
由动词+ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。
动名词在句中可以作主语、宾语(介词宾语和动宾)和表语,还可以作定语。
同时,动名词仍然具有动词的若干特点,它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2.1动名词作主语Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Having done the work is an experience you’ll never forget.做过这种工作,就会使你永生难忘。
注意:动名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数。
(详见上三例)2.1.1用It作形式主语用动名词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,有时也用It作形式主语。
It is no use (useless) talking too much. = Talking too much is no use (useless).It is no good crying.= Crying is no good.It trains the ear listening to music. = Listening to music trains the ear.2.1.2在there be句型中只能用动名词作主语(不用不定式)There is no + ---ing. (…..是不可能的)= It is impossible to…..= No one can…..There is no telling what will happen.= It is impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.无法预言将会发生什么事情。
There is no getting along with him.= It is difficult to get along with him.他这个人很难相处。
2.2动名词作表语His hobby is painting.What he likes best is making jokes.动名词作表语时,一般表示比较抽象的习惯动作,表语和主语常常可以互换。
His hobby is painting.Painting is his hobby.What he likes best is making jokes.Making jokes is what he likes best.One of his bad habits is not speaking clearly.Not speaking clearly is one of his bad habits.2.3动名词和不定式在句中做主语和表语的区别2.3.1一般情况下两者区别不大,有时可以通用。
Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.It is dangerous playing with explosives. = It is dangerous to play with explosives.2.3.2有时,动名词和不定式也有区别,主要表现在动名词所表示的动作比较抽象,或者是习惯性的,而不定式多表示某次比较具体的动作,特别是将来的动作。
His hobby is painting.In summer what he wants to do is to paint.2.4动名词作宾语Our monitor suggested having a discussion of this subject.The rain prevented us from going out.2.4.1只能用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit承认,appreciate感激,赞赏,avoid避免,complete完成,consider考虑,delay耽误,deny否认,detest讨厌,endure忍受,enjoy喜欢,escape逃脱,prevent阻止,fancy想象,finish完成,imagine想象,mind介意,miss错过,postpone推迟,practise训练,recall回忆,resent讨厌,resist抵抗,resume继续,risk冒险,suggest建议,face面对,include包括,stand忍受,understand理解,forgive宽恕,keep继续例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.2.4.2只能用动名词作宾语的词组有:admit to承认,add to加上,be (get) used to习惯于,be accustomed to习惯于,be tired of厌烦……,be fond of喜欢,be capable of有…的能力,be afraid of为…而害怕,be proud of为…自豪,骄傲,be successful in在…成功,be good at擅长于…,be interested in对….感兴趣,be engaged in从事于….,be busy with忙于,be sentenced to宣判,burst out突然,can’t help 禁不住,come to谈到,confess to承认,count on / upon依靠,信赖,devote oneself to把…贡献给…,dream of梦想,depend on依靠,excuse…for…为…而原谅,feel like愿意做什么,give up放弃,hold off推迟,insist on坚持,It’s worth…值得,It’s no use / good没有用/不好,无益keep on坚持,know of对…了解,look forward to期盼,盼望,lead to导致,object to 反对,put off推迟,prevent…from…阻止…免受…,pay attention to注意,prefer…to比起…更…,stick to坚持,set about着手去做,think of / about想到/考虑There be句型中动名词的使用。
There is no needuseharm + (in) doinghurry例如:When I heard his voice, I couldn’t help thinking of my father.You’d better put off having the meeting till next month.2.4.3动名词和不定式作宾语,有以下区别:常见于like, hate, learn, prefer, love…这些动词I like skating. But I don’t like to skate today.我喜欢滑冰,但是我今天不想去滑冰。
(like skating是指一贯的,习惯性的爱好,而like to skate是暂时的动作)The girl has learned to cook.这个小姑娘已经学会做饭了。
The girl has learned cooking.这个小姑娘学过做饭。
①learn to do表示学会做某事②learn doing表示曾学过2.4.4下列词组中,动名词和不定式都可以作宾语,但区别很大:(1)stop doing / to do①stop to do停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。
②stop doing 停止做某事。
(2)forget doing / to do①forget to do忘记要去做某事。
(未做)②forget doing 忘记做过某事。
(已做)(3)remember doing / to do①remember to do记得去做某事(未做)②remember doing记得做过某事(已做)(4)regret doing / to do①regret to do对要做的事遗憾。
(未做)②regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。
(已做)(5)cease doing / to do①cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事。
②cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。
(6)try doing / to do①try to do 努力,企图做某事。
②try doing 试验,试着做某事。
(7)go on doing / to do①go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
②go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
(8)be afraid of doing / to do①be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为“怕”。
②be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。
doing是客观上造成的,意为生怕,恐怕。
(9)be interested in doing / to do①be interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。
②be interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing通常为想法。
(10)mean doing / to do①mean to do 打算去做某事②mean doing 意味着某事(11)begin (start) doing / to do①begin / start to do sth②begin / start doing sth(12)learn to do / doing①learn to do表示学会做某事②learn doing表示曾学过2.5动名词作定语例如:drinking water饮用水walking stick手杖smoking room吸烟室动名词作定语一般表示所修饰词的用途2.6动名词定语和不定式定语的区别2.6.1动名词定语在它所修饰词的前面,而不定式定语要放在它所修饰词的后面。
The swimming pool belongs to our school.I have something important to do.2.6.2动名词定语表示所修饰词的用途或使用目的,而不定式定语表示的动作性较强,所修饰词往往是不定式的承受者(逻辑宾语)。