⑥第六讲 取消数量限制原则

Drought pressure → not enough crops →limit crop export
Requirement of importer→ protect domestic industry reduce unemployment→ exporter limits export
quota(选择性配额)or share of the quota(分摊性配额)
全球配额全世界所有国家都可以申请，不仅仅是
WTO成员
(2) Import licensing由进口方申请

Import licensing is a management system of a country
(or region) requiring the imported goods to have a certificate in order to limit the importation of a certain
and distribution on the foreign exchange transactions directly, aimed at concentration of foreign exchange
earnings, control of foreign exchange expenditure,
exchange controls（外汇管制）.
(1) Quota

Import and export quota is an administrative measure
of a country (or region) instituting restrictions on a certain amount of imports or exports.
There are two types:

One is the exporter make a unilateral decision, such as the exported government or the exporter in terms of the government policies. 单边做法

Quantitative restrictions, the main form of non-tariff
barriers, are administrative measures of a country or region restricting the amount of a commodity

Quota is generally divided into fixed quota and tariff quota.
Fixed quota

Fixed quota is a country (or region) allows the
maximum number or value of importation and exportation of a certain good in a period time, and
good.

The agreement on import licensing procedures says
import licensing should be simple, transparent and
perdictable.
The types of import licensing

According to whether there is a fixed quota or not,
importation and exportation within a certain period
(usually a year).

For example, a country institutes the BMW only can be imported 100,000 this year.
shall be instituted or maintained by any contracting
party on the importation of any product or on the exportation or sale for export of any product.
1. Definition

There are a lot of articles referring to the quantitative
restrictions in “GATT 1994” ：Article 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18 and 19.

However, the Article 11 and Article 13 are the core provisions.
forbids the goods enter to its market which are
exceeding the limitation.
Tariff quota

Tariff quota is a country (or region) institutes limitations
on the number or value of a certain imported good in a period time, while the imports in the range of this
import licensing is divided into fixed quota import licensing (有配额的进口许可证) and non-fixed
quota import licensing(无定额进口许可证).
政府不公布配额的数量

According to the degree of difficulty to obtain an

The other is the exporter and importer decide the
automatic export limit through bilateral negotiations.
(4)Foreign exchange controls限制外汇使用

The foreign exchange administration institutes limitation
Article XI: General Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions

No prohibitions or restrictions other than duties, taxes
or other charges, whether made effective through quotas, import or export licenses or other measures,


<GATT1994 > artiபைடு நூலகம்le XI

No prohibitions or restrictions other than duties, taxes
or other charges, whether made effective through quotas, import or export licenses or other measures,

Both fixed quota and tariff quota, according to the
imports origination, can be divided into global quota （全球性配额） and country-specific quota（国别
配额）. The latter is also known as selective
第六讲 取消数量限制原则
Elimination of Quantitative Restrictions
Introduction

WTO, in principle, prohibits all forms of quantitative restrictions, including direct quantitative restrictions, quotas and import licensing. The quantitative restriction, if it exists, should be implemented in a non-discriminatory basis.（遵循“最惠国待遇”原则） Some technical measures related to import and export products, such as import licensing procedures, technical regulations, must comply with the terms of the agreement.
limitation are granted tax-free or low-tariff treatment,
however, the imports exceeding the limitations are imposed a higher tariff, of course, there is no limit on the number or value of the exceeding imports.

No prohibition or restriction shall be applied by any contracting party on the importation of any product or on the exportation of any product destined for the territory of any other contracting party, unless the importation of the like product of all third countries or the exportation of the like product to all third countries is similarly prohibited or restricted.
foreign exchange allocation, restrictions on the variety,
quantity and country-name of the imports.
3. Some provisions of quantitative restrictions in GATT
shall be instituted or maintained by any contracting
party on the importation of any product or on the exportation or sale for export of any product.
Article XIII: Non-discriminatory Administration of Quantitative Restrictions
import licensing, it can be divided into the general public licensing(一般公开许可证) and special
licensing(特殊许可证).
(3) Automatic export restrictions

Automatic export restrictions means the exporter, under the pressure and requirement of importer, institutes limitations on the quantity and value of a exported commodity automatically.
2. The specific forms of quantitative restrictions

Some forms of quantitative restrictions usually used
are quotas, import licenses, voluntary export （自动 出口限制）restrictions, the number of foreign