英语二翻译 模拟题
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题36
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题36Section 1 Vocabulary and GrammarPart 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are （江南博哥）10 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer.1. Music is the universal language of mankind—poetry theiruniversal ______ and delight.A.activityB.gravityC.pastimeD.recreation正确答案：C2. During the opera's most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed ______, without necessary relation to what had gone before.A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciouspelling正确答案：C3. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow ______ of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional fight of amending itm or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it.A.wearyB.flenseC.douseD.graze正确答案：A4. Fashion is partly a search for new language to discredit the old,a way in which each generation can ______ its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.A.honorB.condoneC.emulateD.repudiate正确答案：D5. Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in this particular experiment she let a number of ______ results slip by.A.inaccurateB.verifiableC.salientD.anomalous正确答案：D6. The scientific development has been breathtaking in the past century, but the understanding of this progress has not ______ changed.A.temporarilyB.rigorouslyC.dramaticallyD.incidentally正确答案：C7. The speaker's ______ answer led to an outcry form the Opposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.amusive正确答案：B8. Children should always ______ the same basic procedure: seeingthe whole Word—hearing and pronouncing—writing from memory.A.go throughB.take overC.respond toD.carry off正确答案：A9. Another American had been kidnapped in the West Beirut. Fifty-year-old Reed was ______ by four gunmen on Christmas morning.A.severedB.contractedC.abductedD.constituted正确答案：C10. On today's fully occupied planet, there are few places left where ______ people do not hunt and trap or where loggers and mining companies have not sent in teams of surveyors.A.notoriousB.locomotiveC.negligibleD.indigenous正确答案：DPart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 10 sentences. In each sentence, one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer.1. A person who displays an abnormal behavior must be either a man of nonsense or a man whose mind is on the blinks.A.depositionalB.crippleC.deviantD.devout正确答案：C2. In our Chinese traditional culture, it is believed that clever fingers indicate a deft and quick mind.A.dexterousB.dissonantC.DivergentD.dubious正确答案：A3. Although they let it go, most of the committee members werestill suspicious of the Chairman's affair.A.cautiousB.dubiousC.wearyD.finicky正确答案：B4. If a person who gives much heed to tidiness, he is usually particular about almost everything, including the food he eats and the clothes he wears.A.finicky inB.flacidC.practiciousD.fractious正确答案：A5. Some young people are trying to put their cotton-picking fingers on my throwing away things. Unfortunately, they have nothing to throw away.A.detruncateB.debunkC.debauchD.detrude正确答案：D6. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.A.understoodB.undevelopedC.unnecessaryD.uninteresting正确答案：B7. It is always desirable to increase the yield of a crop if commensurate increases are not also necessary in energy, labor, and other inputs of crop production.A.equalB.predeterminedpatibleD.measured正确答案：A8. In San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws.A.stressfulB.stragglyC.strictD.straight正确答案：C9. A lot of people believed her story at first, but now it's been quite thoroughly debunked.A.disclosedB.hiddenC.concealedD.praised正确答案：A10. The Japanese soldiers showed their brutality by killing almost all the citizens after they conquered Nanjing.A.intentionB.ambitionC.ferocityD.sympathy正确答案：CPart 3 Error CorrectionDirections: In each of the following statements there is an underlined part that is indicated as an error. Below each statement, there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer.1. A great writer, so to speak, a second government in his country. And for that reason no regime has ever loved great writers, only small ones are loved.A.only minute one are lovedB.only to love small ones.C.only minor onesD.only minor ones are to be loved.正确答案：C2. Jack and Jackie, themselves be inveterate gossipers and image tenders, would probably not be surprised to see how these writers have worked to chatter that privacy of social celebrities.A.they themselvesB.themselves areC.themselves are beingD.themselves正确答案：D3. The general manager demanded that the company's facilities are not used for private purposes, whatever the purposes.A.are not to be usedB.will not be usedC.be not usedD.would not be used正确答案：C4. Children are supposed to be growing and giggling, dreaming and learning, should not be raped and shoveled into abscene trenches.A.not beingB.not to beC.are notD.will not be正确答案：A5. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, it is hereby agreed that a party may transfer all or any part of its interest in thejoint venture company to its parent company, any of its subsidiaries or affiliated corporations.A.Having been notwithstanding the foregoingB.Notwithstanding the foregoingC.Notwithstanding the foregoneD.For notwithstanding the foregoing正确答案：BDirections: In each of the following statements there is an underlined part that is indicated as an error. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.Where do you think an investor would make the best rental returns in this market? Most observers would not think a tiny new-build flat in a city centre oversupplied with similar homes would be a candidate for such a prize. But exclusive analysis' for The Times from the estate agent Savills shows how the decline in house prices since 2007 has driven up the headline yields in some areas, such as Nottingham, Merseyside and Manchester, when 6 fast-recovering prices have driven them down in Bristol, Edinburgh and Bournemouth.Amateur buy-to-let investors are commonly instructed to check the yield of an investment before commit 7 to buy. The yield is the proportion of the property's value that the owner makes back each year in rent, a higher yield implying a better returnfrom 8 the investment. Savills' analysis of data supplied by the property search website shows how the yield is, on average, as many 9 as 6.04 per cent for a one-bedroom flat and as low as 3.87 per cent for a four-bedroom house. Lucian Cook, a director of research at Savills, says: "The yieldvery 10 depends on the type of property that you are looking at."Amateur investors with access to cash are enjoying a window of opportunity while 11 professional rivals struggle to get credit from risk-averse lenders. But the injunction to mimic these professionals by analysing yields can obscure the truth that yields rise when property values fall. An investor who chases high yields may risk in 12 buying properties with depressed pricesthat have no chance of recovering quickly, while overlooking homesthat are likely to undergo a sustainable 13 increase in value.Aspiring investors who would prefer to focus on potentialcapital gains over the long term are being thwarted by banks and building societies, which 14 refuse to lend unless applicants can show a rent that is large in comparison to theproperty's value and will generously more 15 covermortgage payments, as 16 if the landlord suffers a long "void" period with no tenant. Few lenders are much minded to bet on capital growth after the sudden slowdown in the housing market that began in 2007. But these lenders—and buyers who take their advice—risk overlooking the new two-tier market which 17 sought-after homes in key areas have recovered to boomtime highs and will continue to perform well. Elsewhere, values are languishing.Those hoping to join into 18 the ranks of the buy-to-let investors might be tempted to buy into those markets with low-cost homes and a ready army of frustrating 19 buyersforced to stay in the rental market.The buy-to-let boom was built on debt. Remember the savvy landlords who boasted, as house prices soared,building 20 up portfolios by mortgaging and then remortgaging to release the funds for ever more homes? But just as banks are easing restrictions on someparticular 21 solvent owner-occupiers, they areincreasingly tight-fisted when buy-to-let investors apply for funds. Lenders' suspicious 22 about buy-to-let prospects comejust as agents predict that the departure of the "accidental landlord"—or the homeowners who rented their property out becausethey could not sell—will bolster the market and help to boost rents, especially in the later 23 part of the year.Yet despite of 24 these conditions, it's notamateurs who are suffering—even if 25 longstanding landlords with carefully managed portfolios and an impeccablefinancial record are finding lenders almost closed for business. Will rates rise—making standard deals unaffordable—more quickly than new entrants willing to lend to buy-to-let investors can enter the market? For now, the investment market, like the mainstream, is one inwhich 26 with cash are king.6.正确答案：when→while7.正确答案：commit→committing8.正确答案：from→on9.正确答案：many→high10.正确答案：very→后面加much11.正确答案：while→as12.正确答案：in→in去掉13.正确答案：sustainable→sustained14.正确答案：which→who15.正确答案：more→more去掉16.正确答案：as→even17.正确答案：which→in which18.正确答案：into→into去掉19.正确答案：frustrating→frustrated20.正确答案：building→of building21.正确答案：particular→particularly22.正确答案：suspicious→suspicion23.正确答案：later→latter24.正确答案：of→of去掉25.正确答案：if→if去掉26.正确答案：which→后面加thoseSection 2 Reading ComprehensionThe Sense of HumorBiologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughteris a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin's early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, 'Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.'A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Humanpain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind outof pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satiristlike Swift writes about war in Gulliver's Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can't agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.The sense of humor must be singled out as man's most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative—these are qualities we share with other forms of fife. But the senseof humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.1. It seems that the author of this writing thinks that ______A.the universe and the world is full of humor and humans are the most humorous.B.the universe does not have as much humor as the people can enjoy.C.animals do not have humor and they cannot laugh whereas humanbeings do and can.D.animals do not have humor, though they can laugh the same as men.正确答案：C[解析] 第一段的主题句已明显交待了这样的一个论点：only men can laugh and use satire.2. The statement in the first paragraph that "human relations maybe plagued by ideological factions and political camps" is meant to say that ______A.people may suffer from the fierce struggle between political platforms of parties.B.people may be bewildered by different opinions of differentpolitical parties.C.the ideiological differences between political parties may harm human relations.D.the political parties and their spheres may bring some disease to human relations.正确答案：A[解析] 文中提到的be plagued by ideological factions and political camps的意思是：人深受政治争斗所害，进而成为政治分裂的牺牲品。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题108
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题108Error CorrectionDirections: This part consists of 50 sentences, in each of which ther （江南博哥）e is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can best replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. Tick the letter asthe right answer. Please note: Short Answers are provided for 1-10 questions, which you may refer to after finishing answering the questions. This provision is thought to be helpful for aiding and guiding your practice in answering the rest questions.1. It is high time each of us come to grips with the consequencesof abusing the earth's resources like deforestation in the pursuit of economic wealth.e to grip withe to grips onC.came to grips withD.came to grip on正确答案：C[解析] It is high time +v-ed表示虚拟，意为“早就该……了”，come to grips with为习惯用法，表示“认真对待”，故选C。
考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.3 billion, which will create a huge market for this new industry.正确答案：在上班时间去厕所一度是偷懒的一种办法，然而一切即将改变。
有数据显示，英国人每天平均查阅移动设备34次。
一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机。
热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供特定任务的应用软件，以便他们能随时随地工作。
此举就以提供所谓的生产力“微瞬间”(micro-moments)的方式，催生了一种全新的工作方式。
这是更大趋势的一部分，而这个趋势是随着企业应用软件的兴起而发展起来的。
这些应用软件，即智能手机中与工作相关的应用程序，已经改变了我们私生活的方式。
据报道，明年移动工作者的数量将超过13亿，这将为这一新兴产业创造巨大市场。
解析：1．第一段由两个分句组成。
分句间由分号相隔，但根据上下文可知，它们之间明显包含转折之意，故建议增译“然而”、“但是”这类表转折的连接词。
另外，为了使表达更地道，翻译时某些词语需好好斟酌。
比如，visit the toilet不能简单直译为“拜访厕所”，译成“上(去)厕所”即可；avoid doing work 译为“避开工作”显得生硬，建议可译成“偷懒”。
2．第二段第二句是个结构复杂的长句，翻译的关键是理清句子的结构关系。
该句主句的主干为Clever employers are now providing employees with task-specific apps。
主语employer有两个修饰成分：Clever和keen to make．．．anything to do，第二个修饰语很长，若将它全部套在“老板”前面作定语，会导致译文头重脚轻和表意不清。
此处建议拆分第二个修饰语，将obsessively tapping．．．anything to do独立成句，译作“一旦空下来，人们就会无节制地使用手机”，剩余部分则译作另一句，并用“这一习惯”指代上句所述行为，即译为“热衷于充分利用员工这一习惯的精明老板如今给职员们提供……”。
英语翻译二级口译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析(11)
英语翻译二级口译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（11）(1~10/共20题)Part ⅠListen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of "True" on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for "False" if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Play00:0010:16Volume第1题U. S. and Europe´s approach to foreign students is to westernize them in a way of educating future leaders.A.正确B.错误第2题As opioids ravage the U. S. , teen students show steady decline in use.A.正确B.错误第3题The top five members of the biggest venture capitalist company are entirely male.A.正确B.错误第4题Environmental toxins cause many girls to develop breast cancer at an earlier age.A.正确B.错误第5题As an art form, movie is not as popular and lucrative as before.A.正确B.错误第6题Gratitude has a positive relationship with emotions and social lives.A.正确B.错误第7题When employers forbid paid time off for illness, infectious workers spread disease.A.正确B.错误第8题People are more likely to listen to and be persuaded by attractive people.A.正确B.错误第9题The widespread use of the Internet contributes to the ease of distribution.A.正确B.错误第10题The brain has a special response to people you know.A.正确B.错误下一题(11~20/共20题)Part ⅠListen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of "True" on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for "False" if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Play00:0005:17Volume第11题Wasting wood is a serious problem in conserving the resources, which are distributed unevenly and affected by other natural factors.A.正确B.错误第12题Russia´s well-developed dealer and logistics infrastructure indicate that economic growth can improve car sales.A.正确B.错误第13题The government turns a blind eye to the harsh reality that international students faced.A.正确B.错误第14题Amazon sold 200 million items more than the same period last year.A.正确B.错误第15题The bank put forward the policy to discourage the flow of capital on market.A.正确B.错误第16题Visas are necessary but impose a burden on the tourists.A.正确B.错误第17题Apple´s iBeacon is developed by Australian company, which cooperates with GPS well.A.正确B.错误第18题Researchers found that all the creatures have cells to identify where they are.A.正确B.错误第19题Empathy is good, but it would misguide us when making decisions.A.正确B.错误第20题Making a definition of the business model is the key step to disseminate the vision of the business.A.正确B.错误上一题下一题(21~30/共20题)Part ⅡListen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding circle. There are ten passages in this part of the test, with one question each, which carries two points.Play00:0015:30Volume第21题What is the possible reason that some foods promote the brain performance?A.These foods may change sleep patterns.B.These foods can affect physical activity.C.These foods may influence genetic behavior.D.These foods transport more oxygen to the brain.第22题What is the passage mainly about?A.We need to change our fridge.B.We need to conserve energy.C.Sustainable development is challenged.D.The atmosphere is polluted.第23题Which of the following can be called a good diet?A.Foods without artificial flavors.B.Foods with appealing colors.C.Foods without additives.D.Foods without much processing.第24题What is the main idea of the passage?A.There is connection between mood and longevity.B.There isn´t connection between mood and longevity.C.There is connection between mood and health.D.There is connection between happiness and longevity.Daily fantasy sports is regarded by Nevada as______.A.an unlawful gamblingB.a game of skillC.a form of gamblingD.a potential industry第26题Why do Americans travel to foreign countries for medical purposes?A.Because they can earn money while traveling.B.Because they can save money in this way.C.Because foreign countries provide better services.D.Because foreign countries have better sceneries.第27题What´s the main idea of the passage?A.Reviewing your resume.B.Preparing for your interview.C.Cutting out errors in your resume.D.Creating your resume.第28题What can be inferred from the passage?A.Small-ticket items used to be more expensive.B.Consumers are spending more on big-ticket items.C.Software and computer equipment are big-ticket items.D.Sales of small-ticket items are up recently.第29题What can we infer about Shakespeare´s plays?A.They reflect local issues.B.They are timeless.C.They are about history.D.They are ubiquitous.第30题What dominated the intellectual climate of the last decades of the Qing dynasty?A.The culture of skepticism.B.The value of Confucianism.C.The Western style.D.The imperial ideology.上一题下一题(31~40/共20题)Part ⅡListen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding circle. There are ten passages in this part of the test, with one question each, which carries two points.Play00:0007:15VolumeWhat is the problem with photography of Africa?A.Africa is the best choice for photographers.B.The African photographers are fewer than before.C.The non-African photographers are better than African ones.D.African beauty is mostly taken by non-African photographers.第32题What can be inferred from the passage?A.Malaria has been totally under control.B.Transmission indoors cannot be cut off.C.The number of patients has decreased.D.Malaria has not led to death.第33题What can be inferred from the passage?A.The reform on education is on the way.B.Students cannot handle their school life.C.The educators help students overcome difficulties.D.Researchers cooperate with the school for good management.第34题What can be learned from the guidelines?A.The guidelines are made by the manufacturers.B.The guidelines offer the favorable prices for cooperating retailers.C.The guidelines safeguard the popularity of the product.D.The guidelines are free for cooperating retailers.第35题Why did Dr. Slavin make a new program?A.For his research.B.For higher grades.C.For relieving the pressure.D.For his classes.第36题How many students suffered from the depression?A.2100.B.54% of students.C.80.D.67% of students.第37题Which of the following is true about the passage?A.Only a very small fraction of jobs can be totally automated.B.More than 50% of jobs can be done by machines.C.Manufacturing can be done by robots.D.Highly educated workers cannot be replaced.第38题Why did Verganti devise a process?A.For new assessment criteria.B.For crowd-sourcing.C.For thinking design.D.For catching opportunities.第39题Which of the following is NOT true ?A.Dementia is related to the life expectancy.B.People live longer than before in China.C.Obesity leads to dementia.D.Drinking increases the risk of dementia.第40题Which of the following is NOT true about the breeding programs?A.It kills the pests and pathogens.B.It improves the yields.C.It facilitates the harvest.D.It is free from genetic engineering.上一题下一题(41~45/共25题)Part ⅢListen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OnePlay00:0002:17Volume第41题What is the main idea of the passage?A.People are coping with repeated terrorist attacks.B.The terrorists in France are Muslims.C.Traditions should be respected.D.Anti-terrorism is common ground of the world.第42题How many people were killed in Nice?A.86.B.87.C.130.D.131.第43题What was Sarkozy´s response to terrorism?A.Calling for the union.B.Highlighting the harmony.C.Alert on the Islamist threats.D.Keeping the nation secure.第44题Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Germany?A.There were 3 Isiamist attack.B.Anti-terrorism needs a lot of money.C.The government made the restriction of dual citizenship.D.Citizens should prepare adequate food and water.第45题What can be inferred from the passage?A.The cooperation among countries is of great importance.B.The politicians in France are responsible for the chaos.C.There is still a long way to go to solve the problem of terrorism.D.People should be taking care of themselves.上一题下一题(46~50/共25题)Part ⅢListen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OnePlay00:0002:23Volume第46题What doe the passage focus on?A.Aleppo´s architecture.B.Aleppo´s culture.C.Aleppo´s history.D.Aleppo´s goods.第47题Why was the Aleppo´s so important?A.It was near Africa.B.It was to the north of Eurasia.C.It was in the Middle East.D.It was on the Silk Road.第48题Which of the following is true about Aleppo in tenth century?A.It fell into different hands.B.It was in the most prosperous era.C.Most of people worshipped God.D.There existed many great poets.第49题What does the example of the Ottoman rulers intend to convey?A.The power of Turkish ruler.B.The wealthy merchant.C.The abundant culture.D.The glamour of Aleppo.第50题What can be inferred from the passage?A.Aleppo was a dreamland.B.Aleppo had no army.C.Aleppo left no traces in the book.D.There were mysteries about Aleppo.上一题下一题(51~55/共25题)Part ⅢListen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OnePlay00:00…Volume第51题What is social work in broad sense?A.Social work is a science.B.Social work is an art.C.Social work is an art and science.D.Social work is a human behavior.第52题People hold the following assumptions of social workers except______.A.social workers help peopleB.social workers help troubled childrenC.social workers help the poorD.social workers help the government第53题Which of the following is neglected by people?A.The objective of social work.B.The nature of social work.C.The knowledge social work needs.D.The skills social work needs.第54题What is the object of social work?A.Social problems and human behavior.B.Important social problems.C.People in need and people in trouble.D.A wide variety of client populations.第55题What is the passage mainly about?A.What is social work.B.Where social workers work.C.Misconceptions about social work.D.The settings of social work.上一题下一题(56~60/共25题)Part ⅢListen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OnePlay00:00…Volume第56题What does "turn the other cheek" imply?A.Tolerance.B.Respect.C.Hesitation.D.Motivation.第57题Lauren´s sad experience is cited to illustrate______.A.how terrible it is to be a housewifeB.why we give away our power to othersC.what we can expect a housewife to doD.why being nice is significant at home第58题How to avoid giving away your power?A.Tax on our mental strength.B.Set healthy boundaries.C.Be mean and disrespectful.D.Treat others poorly but peacefully.第59题Which of the following is practical to hold your power?A.Learn to say no.B.Do others a favor.C.Stop being afraid.D.Regulate your feelings.第60题What is the result of lacking emotional boundaries?A.You will have problematic personality.B.You will stand up for yourself.C.You will let others control your life.D.You will take over others´ power.上一题下一题(61~65/共25题)Part ⅢListen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answerthe questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Passage OnePlay00:00…Volume第61题What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Adam Bosworth´s new technology.B.Johnny Appleseed´s contribution.C.Amazon and Google.D.Microsoft´s browser.第62题Who is Adam Bosworth?A.He works for Microsoft.B.He is a technology leader.C.He is a companion of Johnny Appleseed.D.He is retired.第63题What does the "data singularity" refers to?A.A sensor.B.A project.C.A clue.D.A car.第64题Which of the following is NOT true about what Adam is developing?A.Almost everything is equipped with devices and sensors.B.The information would be sent to the data centers by built-in wire.C.The information would be possessed by computer servers.D.The severs would sent back commands to sensors.第65题What can NOT be inferred from the data processing?A.It can bring about a lot of help.B.It should be conducted in a closed system.C.Machines can evolve in this process.D.The information is updated instantly.上一题下一题(1/1)Part ⅣListen to the following passage. Write a short English summary of around 150-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only ONCE and you will have 25 minutes to finish you English summary. This part of test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to write your summary satisfactorily.Play00:00…Volume第66题3．上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~10/共20题)Part ⅠListen to the short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements below are true or false. After hearing a short passage, blacken the circle of "True" on the answer sheet below if you think the statement is true, or blacken the circle for "False" if it is false. There are ten questions in this part of the test, two points for each question.Play00:0010:16Volume[听力原文]听力原文：The idea that educating future leaders from other nations will make them more Western has long guided the U. S. and Europe´s generous approach to foreign students of high and low parentage but not everyone thinks it works.第1题U. S. and Europe´s approach to foreign students is to westernize them in a way of educating future leaders.A.正确B.错误参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：解析：原文指出美国和欧洲都希望为别的国家培养领导人，以使这些国家更加西方化，这也是他们对留学生礼遇有加的原因。
考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)1．Have you noticed how certain industries move together? For example, one airline introduces a particular service and every other airline immediately follows. The most recent example of this copycat phenomenon is how the hotel industry is thinking of and deploying technology. Simple ideas such as using your smartphone to open your door are now being offered as “new technologies.”Copycat innovation forces many or all in a sector to improve and add new features to their offerings. But it withholds the cutting edge, the competitiveness and bold nature of break-out innovation as everyone is playing safe. The major negative is that borrowed innovations do not draw new members and becomes a stale “me-too”strategy. Here is the sweet irony: we customers would love to see totally innovative offerings and experimental ideas rolled out for us to test! So don’t wait until everything is sorted out and perfected behind closed doors—throw it at your customers now.正确答案：你有没有注意到某些行业是怎么一起行动的?举个例子，一家航空公司推出了一项独特的服务，其他的航空公司立马就跟风效仿。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题80
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题80Vocabulary and GrammarError Correction1. Through many years of evolution, your body （江南博哥）has learned bow to respond to stress basing on its instinct for survival.A.based onB.taken onC.founded onD.built on正确答案：A[解析] 根据本句内容，划线部分应填部分是分词作宾语补足语；因此处于宾补与宾语(how to respond to stress)之间是被动关系，所以应填过去分词。
2. The experience of foreign countries is worth learning from and taking for reference.A.learning and referenceB.our learning and our referenceC.our learning from and taking for referenceD.our learning and make reference to正确答案：C[解析] be worth(doing) something常用来表示(某事有趣，有用或有益)值得去做。
例：A lot of the small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting. (这一地区的许多小镇很值得一游。
)在此句中something是：我们学习和借鉴，所以应用our learning from and taking for reference。
3. A good dictionary will help you up in your reading.A.inB.outC.downD.through正确答案：B[解析] help sb. out帮助某人解决难题/摆脱困境；而help sb. down搀扶某人下来。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题60
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题60Ⅰ Vocabulary and GrammarPart 1 Vocabulary Selection1. During the ______ of the rain,（江南博哥） she returned home immediately.A.spinB.flickC.lullD.notch正确答案：C2. This movie involving a case is ______ of how information publicized once it falls into government hands.A.illustrativeB.illuminatedC.illustriousD.imaginative正确答案：A3. John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______ for his organizing ability.A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.range正确答案：B4. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little ______ of what I said.A.remarkB.warningC.noticeD.attention正确答案：C[解析] take notice of为固定搭配，表示“注意，留心”。
此外，pay attention to也可表示“注意”的意思。
5. He is known as a ______, a man who hates woman.A.believerB.misogynistC.philatelistD.deist正确答案：B[解析] misogynist指“厌女”。
6. The British Constitution is ______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A.inB.byC.atD.to正确答案：D7. Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her ______ seemed to change.A.affairB.luckC.eventD.chance正确答案：B[解析] luck除表示“运气，好运”外，还含有“命运”的意思，如：It's just my luck．我命该如此。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(1)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题基础设施互联互通是融合发展的基本条件。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题100
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题100Vocabulary SelectionDirections: Below each of the following 40 incomplete sentences, （江南博哥）there are four choices respectively marked A, B, C and D. You are to choose the one that can best complete the sentence. Tick the letter that represents the right answer. Please note: Short Answers are provided for 1-10 questions, which you may refer to after completing answering the questions. This provision is thought to be helpful for aiding and guiding your practice in answering the rest questions.1. Because of the economic crisis, many graduating students have to be ______ the pavements for a job even before graduation.A.walkingB.poundingC.locatingD.cashing正确答案：B[解析] to pound the pavements是个习惯用语，其意与汉语“扫马路，找工作”近似。
2. As the crisis is sweeping across the country, many young people, especially college graduates, can't but get in ______ of themselves, not knowing what to do with their "future".A.backB.frontC.frontierD.backyard正确答案：B[解析] to get in front of oneself是一条美国口语，与汉语的“不知如何是好”或“慌了神儿”近意。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题70
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题70Vocabulary and GrammarVocabulary Selection1. It was all agreed that the first proble（江南博哥）m thenew .government would have to ______ was unemployment.A.gripB.tackleC.discernD.manipulate正确答案：B[解析] 本题空格处是说新政府得首先解决的问题。
tackle the problem的意思是“解决问题”，如：The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it. (老师提的问题是那样难，以至于学生们不知道怎么解决)。
grip的意思是“掌握，控制”；discern 的意思是“认识，辨别”；manipulate的意思是“操作，使用”。
2. The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______ almost two hours later.A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity正确答案：C[解析] 本题意为“公共汽车在浓雾中缓慢地移动，我们几乎两个小时后才到达目的地”。
C项的“destination目的地”符合题意。
其他三项“designation 指示，指定；destiny命运；dignity尊严”都不正确。
3. The negotiations which ______ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years.A.precededB.prescribedC.proceededD.processed正确答案：C[解析] 本题空格处是说进行协议的签署。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题81
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题81Vocabulary and GrammarError Correction1. He had studied hard, he would have been abl（江南博哥）e to pass the exam.A.He had studied harderB.If only he studied moreC.Had he studied harderD.When he studied more正确答案：C[解析] 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。
如果虚拟从句中含有助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。
2. It was now clear that no such weapons were manufactured and none been found.A.was foundB.were foundedC.has been foundD.have been founded正确答案：A[解析] 本题考查句子时态和词义辨析。
由于“and”连接的两部分属并列关系，所以，句子前后时态应一致，应为一般过去时。
又因为find“发现”的过去式是found，founded是found“建立”的过去式。
3. Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, we feel sympathetic to the people to be affected.A.to have affectedB.to have effectedC.who have been effectedD.who have been affected正确答案：D[解析] 本题考查句子时态和词义辨析。
本句话意为“每当听说自然灾害时，我们都会对那些遭受影响的人表示同情。
”动词不定式常表将要发生的动作，与句意不符，故排除；affect“影响，感染”，effect“产生，达到(目的等)”，根据句意可知，affect“影响”符合题意。
英语二级笔译综合能力精选模拟试题及答案
英语二级笔译综合能力精选模拟试题及答案Title: English Level 2 Translator Comprehensive Ability Selected Simulation Test and AnswersIntroduction:The English Level 2 Translator Comprehensive Ability Test is designed to assess thecandidate's proficiency in various aspects of translation, including language comprehension, translation skills, and general knowledge. The following is a selected simulation test with detailed answers to help candidates prepare for the actual exam.Test:Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Directions: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences.1. I'm sorry, but I can't attend the meeting because I have ___________ to do.a) too many thingsb) much too thingsc) too much thingd) much too many things2. Which of the following sentences is correct?a) He has been working here since five years.b) He has been working here for five years.c) He worked here since five years ago.d) He worked here for the last five years.3. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank:___________ to the meeting, he had to leave early.a) Owingb) Duec) Because ofd) Thanks4. Which of the following sentences is correct?a) The manager asked if I knew him.b) The manager asked me if I know him.c) The manager asked if I knew him well.d) The manager asked me if I knew him well.5. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank:She was ___________ by the news of her father's death.a) shockingb) shockedc) shockd) to shockAnswers:1. a) too many things2. b) He has been working here for five years.3. b) Due4. d) The manager asked me if I knew him well.5. b) shockedSection 2: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Passage:The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. It has opened up a world of opportunities for people to connect, learn, and grow. However, it has also introduced a range of challenges, including issues related to privacy, security, and the spread of misinformation.One of the main concerns is the amount of personal data that is collected and used by companies. This data is often used to target advertisements, tailor services, and make decisions about employment or credit. While some people appreciate the convenience andpersonalization that come with this data-driven approach, others are worried about the potential for misuse and the loss of control over their personal information.To address these concerns, governments and organizations around the world have implemented various measures, such as data protection laws and regulations. These measures aim to strike a balance between the benefits of data-driven innovation and the need to protect individuals' privacy and rights.Questions:6. What is the main idea of the passage?a) The internet has made communication easier.b) The internet has introduced challenges related to privacy and security.c) The internet has revolutionized the way we conduct business.d) The internet has led to the spread of misinformation.7. According to the passage, what is one of the main concerns related to the internet?a) The loss of jobs due to automation.b) The amount of personal data collected by companies.c) The lack of access to information in rural areas.d) The decrease in face-to-face communication.8. What measures have been implemented to address the concerns mentioned in the passage?a) The development of new technologies.b) The implementation of data protection laws and regulations.c) The promotion of online education.d) The encouragement of face-to-face communication.Answers:6. b) The internet has introduced challenges related to privacy and security.7. b) The amount of personal data collected by companies.8. b) The implementation of data protection laws and regulations.Section 3: Translation (40 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraphs from English to Chinese.Passage:The rapid development of technology has led to significant changes in the way we live and work. Artificial intelligence, in particular, has the potential to transform various industries, from healthcare to transportation. While there are concerns about the impact of AI on employment and privacy, it also offers numerous opportunities to improve our lives and drive progress.However, it is important to approach the development and implementation of AI withcaution. Ethical considerations must be takeninto account to ensure that AI is used responsibly and for the benefit of society as a whole. This includes addressing issues such as bias in AI algorithms and the potential for misuse.Translation:技术的快速发展导致我们的生活和工作方式发生了重大变化。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(3)
Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day—the "bottom billion," the poorest of the world's poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two-thirds of their income on food.
Still, if you start off by liking Rembrandt, as I do, there is much to discover. For instance, when in Amsterdam I always make a point of paying homage to the Rembrandt masterpieces in the Rijksmuseum, yet until now I had never bothered to visit Rembrandt House, where the painter lived from 1639 until driven out by bankruptcy in 1658. In brief, had never much connected his art to his person.
英语翻译 模拟卷 二(含参考答案)
《翻译》模拟试卷二考试形式：闭卷考试时间：90分钟站点：________ 姓名：学号：成绩：________I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (10%)1. According to the news, it was officially announced that Germany had been invited to the meeting.2. The District of Columbia is the seat of the national government.3. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqués.4. Another feature of London’s shoppin g life is the chain stores, in which prices are low and a wide variety of goods are offered.5. A new kind of aircraft--small, cheap, pilotless--is attracting increasing attentionII. Translate the following sentences into English. (10%) 1.对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。
2．上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。
3. 人总是要死的，但死的意义却有所不同。
4. 我们最缺少时间，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用时间。
5. 在过去几年中，我们恢复和发展了工农业生产。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题1
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题1Ⅰ Vocabulary and GrammarPart 1 Vocabulary SelectionDirections: Complete each of the fo（江南博哥）llowing sentences by selecting the one word from the four choices marked by letters A, B,C andD that can best complete the statement.1. The reporter compares a husband to a particularly tricky musical instrument, one that a wife must learn to play ______ her advantage.A.forB.asC.toD.in正确答案：C选择A和B似乎都说的通，但跟据全句整体语境以及learn to play的暗示，只有答案C是正确选择，因为to one's advantage是个习惯用语，也是一个固定搭配。
2. This week the BBC ______ Family Wanted—a campaign to raise awareness of adoption and fostering.A.tossedunchedC.raisedD.advanced正确答案：Bto launch a campaign是个动宾结构的固定搭配，所以选B才对。
3. The answers to the problem, the scientists say, is to build up the immune system, which not only will give greater ______ to disease but will boost cellular regeneration and improve the skin.A.persistenceB.insistenceC.resistanceD.instance正确答案：C选择resistance to diseases的根据是前面在谈的immune system，所以答案C是正确答案。
考研英语二翻译模拟
考研英语二翻译模拟1 What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。
作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。
作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, and indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(1)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题"Wisdom of the Crowd": The Myths and RealitiesAre the many wiser than the few? Phil Ball explores the latest evidence on what can make groups of people smarter—but can also make them wildly wrong.Is The Lord of the Rings the greatest work of literature of the 20th Century? Is The Shawshank Redemption the best movie ever made? Both have been awarded these titles by public votes. You don't have to be a literary or film snob to wonder about the wisdom of so-called "wisdom of the crowd",In an age routinely denounced as selfishly individualistic, it's curious that a great deal of faith still seems to lie with the judgment of the crowd, especially when it can apparently be far off the mark. Yet there is some truth underpinning the idea that the masses can make more accurate collective judgments than expert individuals. So why is a crowd sometimes right and sometimes disastrously wrong?The notion that a group's judgement can be surprisingly good was most compellingly justified in James Surowiecki's 2005 book The Wisdom of Crowds, and is generally traced back to an observation by Charles Darwin's cousin Francis Galton in 1907. Galton pointed out that the average of all the entries in a "guess the weight of the ox" competition at a country fair was amazingly accurate—beating not only most of the individual guesses but also those of alleged cattle experts. This is the essence of the wisdom of crowds: their average judgment converges on the right solution.Still, Surowiecki also pointed out that the crowd is far from infallible. He explained that one requirement for a good crowd judgement is that people's decisions are independent of one another. If everyone let themselves be influenced by each other's guesses, there's more chance that the guesses will drift towards a misplaced bias. This undermining effect of social influence was demonstrated in 2011 by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. They asked groups of participants to estimate certain quantities in geography or crime, about which none of them could be expected to have perfect knowledge but all could hazard a guess—the length of the Swiss-Italian border, for example, or the annual number of murders in Switzerland. The participants were offered modest financial rewards for good group guesses, to make sure they took the challenge seriously.The researchers found that, as the amount of information participants were given about each other's guesses increased, the range of their guesses got narrower, and the centre of this range could drift further from the true value. In other words, the groups were tending towards a consensus, to the detriment of accuracy.This finding challenges a common view in management and politics that it is best to seek consensus in group decision making. What you can end up with instead is herding towards a relatively arbitrary position. Just how arbitrary depends on what kind of pool of opinions you start off with, according to subsequent work by one of the ETH team, Frank Schweitzer, and his colleagues. They say that if the group generally has good initial judgement, social influence can refine rather than degrade their collective decision.No one should need warning about the dangers of herding among poorly informed decision-makers: copycat behaviour has been widely regarded as one of the major contributing factors to the financial crisis, and indeed to all financial crises of the past.The Swiss team commented that this detrimental herding effect is likely to be even greater for deciding problems for which no objectively correct answer exists, which perhaps explains how democratic countries occasionally elect such astonishingly inept leaders.There's another key factor that makes the crowd accurate, or not. It has long been argued that the wisest crowds are the most diverse. That's a conclusion supported in a 2004 study by Scott Page of the University of Michigan and Lu Hong of Loyola University in Chicago.They showed that, in a theoretical model of group decision-making, a diverse group of problem-solvers made a better collective guess than that produced by the group of best-performing solvers.In other words, diverse minds do better, when their decisions are averaged, than expert minds. In fact, here's a situation where a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing. A study in 2011 by a team led by Joseph Simmons of the Yale School of Management in New Haven, Connecticut found that group predictions about American football results were skewed away from the real outcomes by the over-confidence of the fans' decisions, which biased them towards alleged "favourites" in the outcomes of games.All of these findings suggest that knowing who is in the crowd, and how diverse they are, is vital before you attribute to them any real wisdom.Could there also be ways to make an existing crowd wiser? Last month, Anticline Davis-Stober of the University of Missouri and his co-workers presented calculations at a conference on Collective Intelligence that provide a few answers.They first refined the statistical definition of what it means for a crowd to be wise—when, exactly, some aggregate of crowd judgments can be considered better than those of selected individuals. This definition allowed the researchers to develop guidelines for improving the wisdom of a group. Previous work might imply that you should add random individuals whose decisions are unrelated to those of existing group members. That would be good, but it's better still to add individuals who aren't simply independent thinkers but whose views are "negatively correlated"—as different as possible—from the existing members. In other words, diversity trumps independence.If you want accuracy, then, add those who might disagree strongly with your group. What do you reckon of the chances that managers and politicians will select such contrarian candidates to join them? All the same, armed with this information I intend to apply for a position in the Cabinet of the British government. They'd be wise not to refuse.下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?Answering that is proving to be a surprisingly difficult scientific question because knowing the basic facts about shale is not enough.The layers have been well mapped for years. In fact until recently geologists tended to regard shale as commonplace, even dull—a view that has obviously changed.The key tool is a seismic survey: sound waves are sent into the ground and the reflections reveal the patterns of the rocks. This describes where the shale lies but not much more.So we know, for example, that the Bowland Shale—which straddles northern England—covers a far smaller area than the massive shale formations of the United States but it is also much thicker than they are.That may mean that it is a potentially richer resource or that it is harder to exploit. Britain's geological history is long and tortured, so folds and fractures disrupt the shale layers, creating a more complex picture than across the Atlantic.To assess what the layers hold involves another step: wells have to be drilled into the rock to allow cores to be extracted so the shale can be analysed in more detail.As Ed Hough of the British Geological Survey told me: "We know the areas under the ground which contain gas and oil—what we don't know is how that gas and oil might be released from the different units of rock and extracted.""There's a lot of variability in these rocks—so their composition, their history and the geological conditions all come into play and are all variable."That means that neighbouring fracking operations might come up with very different results.In a lab at the BGS near Nottingham, I'm shown a simple but effective proof that shale does contain the hydrocarbons—gas and oil—at the heart of the current surge in interest.A few chunks of the rock are dropped into a beaker of water and gently heated until they produce tiny bubbles which rise like strings of pearls to the surface.It is a sight which is both beautiful and significant—the bubbles are methane, which the government hopes will form a new source of home grown energy.The gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when tiny plants and other organisms accumulated on the floor of an ancient and warm ocean—at one stage Britain lay in the tropics. This organic matter was then compacted and cooked by natural geological warmth which transformed it into the fuels in such demand now.So one question is the "total organic content" of the shale—how much organic material is held inside—and there can be large variations in this.But establishing that the shale is laden with fossil fuels is only one part of the story. The samples, extracted from deep underground, then need to be studied to see how readily they would release the fuels.So the BGS scientists fit small blocks of the shale into devices that squeeze it and heat it—trying to mimic the conditions that would be experienced during a fracking operation, when high pressure water and chemicals are injected into the shale to break it apart.Understanding how the shale behaves is essential to forming a judgment on how lucrative it might prove to be—or how unyielding or difficult, as some shale can turn out to be.Dr Caroline Graham, a specialist in geomechanics with the BGS, explained what the research into the rock samples was trying to achieve: "We'll be able to understand better how likely they are to produce certain amounts of gas, how easily they will frack and therefore it will give us a far better idea of how viable the UK deposits are economically speaking."These are early days for the science. And hopes that Britain will be able to copy America's shale revolution may be unrealistic.A senior executive from a global energy company once said a decision on whether to exploit a new shale "play" or area would only be made after 40-60 exploration wells had been dug. Professor Paul Stevens, an energy expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs, said: "It's going to take a lot more wells to be drilled and a lot more wells to be fractured before we even get an idea of the extent to which we might expect a shale gas revolution and over what time period."So establishing that British shale is rich in oil and gas is only one step of a long journey. The current state of the science only goes so far. How much money can be made from trying to extract oil and gas from the layers of shale that lie beneath Britain?上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题基础设施互联互通是融合发展的基本条件。
考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)1．Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require months of travel through Europe. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography, set up interviews and do research? So I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. By the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. The point is that the new is almost by definition scary. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I’ll go on doing such things. It is not because I am braver than others, but because I will accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders.正确答案：几年前，我被分配了一项写作任务，为此要在欧洲旅游几个月。
翻译二级笔译实务分类模拟题11
翻译二级笔译实务分类模拟题11英译汉1. In nearly every case the first black Britons to move to the UK did so of their ow（江南博哥）n will. Black South Africans, for all the oppression they endured for so long, never lost their culture, their languages and their sense of home. Black Americans, the only grouping in a nation of immigrants who did not originally come to the US out of their choice, appeared trapped in a perpetual struggle to define their identity.正确答案：最初移居英国的黑人几乎都是出于自愿的。
而南非黑人，虽然长期忍受压迫，但从未丧失自己的文化、语言和家乡感。
美国黑人，在美国这一移民国度里，是唯一非自愿的移民群体，看来深陷于为确立自己的身份和地位而作出长期斗争。
2. "Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." This statement, often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country, is both revealing and true.正确答案：“各国皆论气候，唯独咱们英国论天气。
”英国人谈起本国独特的气象状况时，常说这句话，既给人以启发，又实事求是。