2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(四)

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2022年教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题(新题型4)

2022教育部考试中心考研英语模拟试题(新题型4)----新题型PartB汇编4、Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Until about two million years ago Africa’s vegetation had always been controlled by the interactions of climate; geology, soil, and groundwater conditions; and the activities of animals. The addition of humans to the latter group,however,has increasingly rendered unreal the concept of a fully developed “natural” vegetation—i.e., one approximating the ideal of a vegetational climax.(41).Early attempts at mapping and classifying Africa’s vegetation stressed this relationship:sometimes the names of plant zones were derived directly from climates.In this discussion the idea of zones is retained only ina broad descriptive sense.(42). In addition, over time more floral regions of varying shape and size have been recognized.Many schemes have arisen successively,all of which have had to take views on two important aspects: the general scale of treatment to be adopted, and the degree to which human modification is to be comprehended or discounted.(43).Quite the opposite assumption is now frequently advanced. An intimate combination of many species—in complex associations and related to localized soils, slopes, and drainage—has been detailed in many studies of the African tropics. In a few square miles there may be a visible succession from swamp with papyrus, the grass of which the ancient Egyptians made paper and from which the word“paper”originated,through swampy grassland and broad-leaved woodland and grass to a patch of forest on richer hillside soil,and finally to juicy fleshy plants on a nearly naked rock summit.(44). Correspondingly, classifications have differed greatlyin their principles for naming,grouping,and describing formations: some have chosen terms such as forest,woodland,thorn-bush, thicket, and shrub for much of the same broad tracts that others have grouped as wooded savanna (treeless grassy plain) and steppe (grassy plain with few trees).This is best seen in the nomenclature, naming of plants, adopted by two of the most comprehensive and authoritative maps of Africa’s vegetation that have been published: R. W. J. Keay’s Vegetation Map of Africa South of the Tropic of Cancer and its more widely based successor, The Vegetation Map of Africa,compiled by Frank White.In the Keay map the terms“savanna”and“steppe” were adopted as precise definition of formations, based on the herb layer and the coverage of woody vegetation; the White map, however, discarded these two categories as specific classifications.Yet any rapid absence of savanna as in its popular and more general sense is doubtful.(45).However,some100specific types of vegetation identified on the source map have been compressed into14broader classifications.[A] As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their complex ecology, naming, classification,and mapping have also become more particular, stressing what was actually present rather than postulating about climatic potential.[B] In regions of higher rainfall, such as eastern Africa, savanna vegetation is maintained by periodic fires. Consuming dry grass at the end of the rainy season,the fires burn back the forest vegetation, check the invasion of trees and shrubs, and stimulate new grass growth.[C] Once, as with the scientific treatment of African soils, a much greater uniformity was attributed to the vegetation than would have been generally accepted in the same period for treatments of the lands of western Europe or the United States.[D] The vegetational map of Africa and general vegetation groupings used here follow the White map and its extensive annotations.[E] African vegetation zones are closely linked to climatic zones, with the same zones occurring both north and south of the equator in broadly similar patterns.As with climatic zones, differences in the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation constitute the most important influence on the development of vegetation.[F]Nevertheless,in broad terms,climate remains the dominant control over vegetation.Zonal belts of precipitation,reflection latitude and contrasting exposure to the Atlantic and Indian oceans and their currents,give some reality to related belts of vegetation.[G]The span of human occupation in Africa is believed to exceed that of any other continent. All the resultant activities have tended, on balance, to reduce tree cover and increase grassland; but there has been considerable dispute among scholars concerning the natural versus human-caused development of most African grasslands at the regional level.答案41.F 42.A 43.C 44.G 45.D总体分析本文是一篇介绍非洲植被讨论的科普性文章。

2020年考研英语一真题及答案：翻译

2020年考研英语一真题及答案：翻译Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Within the span of a hundred years， in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries， a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. （46） This movement， driven by powerful anddiverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and，by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.（47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity，colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across theAtlantic came successive groups of Englishmen， Frenchmen，Germans， Scots， Irishmen， Dutchmen， Swedes， and many others who attempted to transplant their habits andtraditions to the new world. （48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which， although it resembled Europeansociety in many ways， had a character that was distinctly American.（49）The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime，thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico，the West Indies， and South America. These travelers to North America came in small， unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage， they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms， many passengers died of disease， and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course， and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler，“ The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. （50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgiain the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture， ships and potash，dyes and naval stores.【参考答案】46.在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2020年英语模拟四参考答案

英语模拟四参考答案一、1--5 CCBAA6—10 BAACB 11—15 BABCB16--20 DACBE二、21--25 DCBBA 26--30 BCABD 31--35 CDBCD36--40 CEADB三、41—45 ADBCB 46—50 DAADC 51—55 BABDC四、第一节56.waited57.handing58.but59.what60.them61.answers62. about63.silently64.problems65.given第二节66.my 67.and 68. up 69.the 70. as五、71. How is everything going?/How are you?72.Well, why did you go there?/What did you do there?73. You are always the best./You’re good at it.74. Whose poem did you read?75. It was educational.（言之有理，即可得分。

）六、The best view I’ve seenIf you look closely to life, you will find beautiful views in our life everywhere. Today I want to share the best view I’ve seen with you.That was a hot day. I saw two kids giving bottled water to passers-by on the roadside. I was wondering if they were selling bottled water to earn money. Then their mother came up and explained they were teaching their children to give without asking anything in return. Those who received water all gave the kids a big smile, saying thanks to them.The busy figures and kind smiles of the mother and her kids on that hot day were the best view I’ve seen. It is them who taught me to show my kindness to people around, hoping our world become more beautiful.听力材料一、听力理解第一节：听下面5段对话。

专四模拟试题附参考答案（2020年整理）.doc

专四模拟试题附参考答案（2020年整理）.doc专四模拟试题附参考答案（1）Part III Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The “standard of living” of any country means the average pe rson's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, ____31_______, depends first and 32 on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money 33 on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services”such as transport and “__34 __ ” .A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 35 have an effect on one another. Wealth depends 36 a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a 37 climate; other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources 38 the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well 39 as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civiland 40 wars, and 41 this and other reasons was 42 to develop herresources. 43 and stable political conditions,and 44 _____ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equallywell 45 by nature but less well ordered.A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed 46 it own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through internationaltrade. 47 Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend onlyon 48 _ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would 49 be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturingcapacity, 50 that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.31. A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. furthermore32. A. primary B. principal C. foremost D. uniquely33. A. or B. nor C. but D. except34. A. recreation B. enlightenment C. refreshment D. entertainment35. A. if B. them C.which D. that36. A. with B. for C.to D. on37. A. neutral B. favorable C.virtuous D. marine38. A. comes B. come C.coming D. came39. A. off B. known C.done D. furnished40. A. military B. external C.contemporary D. domestic41. A. for B. because C. because of D. due to42. A. Impossible B. Incapable C. unable D. proficient43. A. Strong B. Sturdy C. Sound D. Robust44. A. liberty B. freedom C.prevention D. liberation45. A .assisted B. avenged C.rescued D. served46. A. with B. within C. near D.without47. A. In short B. For example C. firstly D.On one hand48. A. those B. what C. that D. it49. A. likely B. likewise C. certainly D.otherwise50. A. provided B. depended C. given D.supposedPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.51. We often advise him not to drink more wine __________is good for his health.A. asB. thanC.that D. but52. It is necessary that an efficient worker __________his work on time.A. accomplishesB. can accomplishC. accomplishD. has accomplished53. My father will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that he__________ today.A. was comingB. is comingC. will comeD. come54. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to havefactual knowledge __________ our thinking.A which to be based on B. which to be base uponC. upon which to baseD. to which to be based55. I didn't call to make my airline reservation, but I __________.A. should haveB. may haveC. must haveD. shall have56. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States,__________?A. isn't sheB. hasn't sheC. isn't itD. hasn't it57. I think that the labor bill will pass; it's ____________that it will.A. almost surelyB. very likelyC. near positiveD. quite certainly58. An increase in a nation's money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, __________result in higher prices.A. tendsB. tends theC. tending toD. will tend to59. X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make__________details that are otherwise impossible to observe.A. it visibleB. visiblyD. they are visible60. Prices for bikes at that store run__________250 dollars.A. as high asB. as high toC. so high toD. so high as61. He will not be __________ to vote in this year's election.A. enough oldB. as old enoughC. old enoughD. enough old as62. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician.A. suchB. moreC. asD. than63. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree__________.A. my education will be employed by the universityB. employment will be given to me by the universityC. the university will employ meD. I will be employed by the university64. If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers, ____________.A. neither he willB. neither will heC. neither won't heD. he won't neither65. _____ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As66. A violent revolution having broken out, all the ports of that country were laid under a(n) ______.A. boycottB. embargoD. ban67. Since_________ can't work in the United States without a permit, so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government.A. emigrantsB. expatriatesC.migrants D. immigrants68. Most investors are taught at the very beginning that there is no place for __________in investment markets.A. feelingB. emotionC. passionD. sentiment69. I__________ my ordinary income by doing some part-time work.A. complimentB. ComplementC. supplementD. implement70. Before the statue could be __________to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.A. transformedB.transportedC. transferredD. transmitted71. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage__________upon the world by the war,A. imposedB. impressedC.compelled D. compressed72. Roger, who __________in courage, is highly respected by all his peers in the villages.A. boundsB. possessesC.declares D. abounds73. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_________ by a river.B. availableC.obtainable D. achievable74. He__________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.A. continuallyB. continuouslyC.consistently D. constantly75. Being a man of _________ and public spirit. Mr. Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and was much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo.A. firmB. enterpriseC. companyD. corporation76. When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them, as the idiom goes, “To ______ is human.”A. referB. conferC. deferD. err77. Although gaining a job as a real __________agent or broker may be relatively easy, beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established, more experienced ones.A. propertyB. estateC. houseD. assets78. The constitution of the State required that property should be__________for taxation at its market value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC.evaluated D. valued79. On June 15, 1909, after Scott finished his rushed plans for his________ to the South Pole, he departed from England.A. tourB. voyageC. expedition80. The government authority had to __________oil and other products so that it would not run out during war.A. shareB. fareC.provide D. rationPART V READINGCOMPREHENSION[25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT AAll Sir William Jones wanted to do was to learn Sanskrit. While he was studying, however, he made a surprising discovery. This ancient language of India was amazingly similar to Latin and Greek. The Sanskrit word for "mother"—matar—was almost identical to the Latin word, mater. “Father” was pitar in Sanskrit, pater in Latin and Greek. The more he studied, the more similarities he found.How could this be? Thousands of miles and many natural barriers separated India and Europe. Still, Jones concluded, the similarities were too strong to be accidental. In 1786, he announced “No one could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source.”Since then, scholars have traced many languages to this “common source.” Today, these languages are called the Indo-European family. But where did this source originate? Language and geography provide the clues. European languages have similar words for the animals and trees of northern Europe, such as oak, willow, bear, and wolf. There are no common words for the animals and trees of southern Europe.To scholars, this suggests that the Indo-European languages began in north central Europe. In time, some northern Europeans set out toward the east, settling in Iran, India, and Pakistan. Others migrated westward toward southern and western Europe. The root language developed into dozens of different languages, but the family resemblances remain. The word for “three” is drei in German, tres in Spanish, tre in Albanian, and tri in Russian.Almost every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family, but there are exceptions. Hungarian and Finnish cling to other language families. High in the Pyrenees, the Basque people speak a language that has no known relatives. Perhaps the Basques were the original inhabitants of the region. Isolated by mountains, they may have been bypassed by the spread of Indo-European culture.81. What did Sir William Jones discover when he was learning Sanskrit?A. Sanskrit was very similar to some European languages.B. Sanskrit was an ancient language.C. The Sanskrit word for mother is the same as that in Latin.D. Latin and Greek were very similar.82. Which of the following statements is true about "the common source"?A. Jones found out the common source.B. All languages sprang from the common source.C. Only three languages sprang from the common source.D. Since 1786, scholars have traced many languages to the common source.83. Where did the common source originate?A. In southernEurope.B. In north-central Europe.C. InIndia.D. in Pakistan.84. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Jones first discovered the root language.B. The languages with the common source are called the Indo-European family.C. The root language developed into different languages as people migrated.D. Every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family. TEXT BYour first culture shock came after you left your home country and you needed to adjust to the United States, It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted. Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoidtypical traps that could cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.85. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?A. To know the U. S. A. better.B. To work better in the new environment.C. To make more money.D. To improve one's English.86. According to the passage, ___________ is not the policy's function.A. describing procedures, rules and standardsB. governing a countryC. helping to guide decision making and conductD. writing down the company's information87. ____________ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.A. To read the policiesB. To study the philosophyC. To study a country's customsD. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.88. How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?A. Read this passage often.B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.D. Ask your boss for help.89. The passage is written to ___________.A. help readers to understand the organization's cultureB. explain the culture shockC. analyze the policies and traditionsD. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workersTEXT C“White hostility toward African Americans, and the resulting discrimination, have been fueled by a sense of threat. During slavery, many working-class whites, encouraged by slaveholders, feared the release of large numbers of blacks into the labor market and society in general. When northern industries used African Americans as strikebreakers in the first decades of this century, white workers feared the loss of their jobs. Today, many white Americans fear “black violence”. Moreover, specific fears about the “costs” of welfare as well as the "taking" of jobs through affirmative action have added to the fear of black violence.These fears have translated into negative stereotypes of African Americans as a people who are prone to crime and violence, unwilling to work, and a drain on the white taxpayer through their welfare dependency. In turn, these stereotypes have been used to justify informal discrimination, to prevent the help to the urban poor, to be negligent in enforcing laws or policies prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers, and most important, to hesitate in making a serious effort at job creation for African Americans. The result is that African Americans’ share of valued resources has not increased much over the last two decades, even as formal discrimination has been greatly lessened. This fact is used to further the negative belief that African Americans have "not taken advantage of their equal opportunities."90. According to the passage, how did the northern industries make use of African Americans in 1900s?A. Sent them to ask the strikers to go back to work.B. Made them work very hard.C. Employed them to threaten the white strikers.D. Released them into the labor market.91. What is the ill influence of these negative stereotypes?A. Giving help to the poor black.B. Justifying informal discrimination.C. Enforcing laws prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers.D. Creating opportunities of employment for the black.92. What can be inferred from "a drain on the white taxpayer" about the African Americans?A. They are unwilling to work.B. They never pay tax.C. They lack security.D. Their welfare depends on the white's tax.93. The author wrote the passage to tell us__________.A. African Americans pose a threat to the whites in employmentB. African Americans are dependent on the tax paid by the whitesC. African Americans are discriminated against because they are often on strikeD. the sense of threat intensifies the white's hospitality and discrimination against the African AmericansTEXT D“People thought of themselves as having rights from companies,” said Hoshua Freeman, a labor historian at Columbia University. That sense of entitlement grew even stronger in the early decades after World War II and collective bargaining became the arena for arguing out wages, pensions, health insurance, vacations, hours and job security.That system is disappearing today. Career-long attachments to one employer, a notion born in the 1920's, are no longer the .norm. The newclass-consciousness makes less distinction between workers and managers. Rights are relative, at best. An increasingly conservative electorate has reduced government's role in regulating the economy. Unions have lost influence and membership.What people do is try to cope, by themselves, said Ms. Skelly, of DYG. Self-employment is one solution, DYG's polls show, and that is a rising trend. "They try, on the job, to hide any weakness in their performance," she said. “They work longer hours and take work home, without letting the boss know, to give the impression that they can do difficult tasks quickly. There is nothing like, ‘we are all in this together.’ There is too much competition. People talk of their weakness to friends and spouses, but not to coworkers.”And many Americans feel in their hearts that the unemployment might be justified. “There is a sense among people that we are inefficient and bloated,” Ms. Skelly said. “And until they feel that is no longer true, they are reluctant to criticize the forces that are cutting out the fat and the inefficiencies.”94. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ___________.A. people do not enjoy their rights nowadaysB. people are more likely to change their jobs than they were in the 1920'sC. workers and managers share the same rights todayD. nowadays, people refuse to take part in the Union95. According to Ms Skelly, which of the following is true?A. People like to work overtime.B. People want to work at home.C. People want to impress the boss with their capability and efficiency.D. People need help from their families, for they cannot cope with difficult problems themselves.96. People hide their weakness from___________.A. their parentsB. their wives or husbandsC. their friendsD. their colleagues97. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. people thought of themselves as having rights from companiesB. people's sense of entitlement is not as strong as it used to beC. people work at homeD. people regard unemployment as usualTEXT EYou may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality.Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer's personality, it is not a good letter.In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality.And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive” as you read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you. as though you were face to face, listening instead of reading?The fault with too many letters, today as in the past—the reason so many letters are dull and lifeless, and often fail to accomplish the purpose for which they are written is simply this: They sound exactly like the letters everyone else writes. They are neither exciting to receive nor stimulating to read.98. What does the author mean by saying “the letter you write is part of you”?A. Writing letters plays an important part in your life.B. When you write letters, you should be careful about what to write.C. People can see your personality from the letters you write.D. You should write good letters.99. What does the author want to explain in the fourth paragraph?A. A good letter presents one's personality.B. His opinion is a platitude.C. Letter-writing is interesting.D. Talking face to face is a better way to communicate than writing letters.100. The best title for the passage is___________.A. Letter WritingB. Personality in Letter WritingC. To Write Interesting LettersD. To Write Correct Letters PARTVI WRITING[45 MIN]SECTIONA COMPOSITION[35 MIN]We all know that men and women play different roles in modern society, and that they differ in many ways, such as how to perceive the world, how to tackle problems and how to approach people. Think about the issue and discuss the differentways in which men and women behave in terms of interpersonal relationships, expressing affection, friendship and views on beauty.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:The Different Approaches or Perceptions of Men and WomenYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state your view on this issue.In the second part, support your view with details or examples.In the last part, bring what, you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be rewarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTIONB NOTE-WRITING[10 MIN]Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are William or Aileen. You are invited this weekend to a farewell party hosted by your friend, Sandy, who is going abroad for his PhD. Study. However, you are unable to see him off. Write him a note politely declining his invitation and expressing your good wishes to him.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.参考答案Part III31-35BCCDC 36-40CBAAB 41-45ACCBD 46-50BBADAPart IV51-55BCACA 56-60CBDCA 61-65CCDBD 66-70BDDCB 71-75ADAAB 76-80DBBCDPart V81-84ADBC 85-89BBDCB 90-93CBDD 94-97BCDB 98-100CAB。

2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(海文版)

2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案（海文版）Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn't go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem -confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, orraising a child. It allows us to see the beauty thatsurrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flowof our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad,friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowingthat mental health is always available and knowing to trustit allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种水平植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟预测卷(四)(全国I卷)英语试题含答案

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语·模拟预测卷(四)本试卷6页，满分120分。

考试用时120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，请用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。

.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4. 考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂。

AIn the last 50 years, sea surface temperatures around Antarctica have risen by 1-2°C, which is more than twice the global average.Loss of speciesGlobal warming could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabs-crabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions(比例)of species found there.Shrimp, ribbon worms and brittle stars are likely to be the most attackable to population declines. Animals living in shallow water in Antarctica are unique on Earth today because they evolved(进化)in a very cold environment over tens of millions of years.Extreme conditionsIn the course of a process we call Antarctic cooling that started about 40 million years ago, all major seafloor predators such as sharks and crabs went extinct in Antarctica because they were not able to deal with these extreme conditions.However, today global warming is removing barriers to invasions and we’ve seen recently that crabs, especially king crabs, are on the doorstep of Antarctica-they can potentially re-invade the shallow waters if warming continues.Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.Strange creaturesAnimals that live on the seafloor of Antarctica are some of the strangest creatures on Earth. The extreme cold and darkness has presented huge challenges to marine life over the passage of time, leading to the evolution of fish equipped with anti- freeze proteins in their blood.1．How will these alien species affect the ecosystem in Antarctica?A．They will change the extremely cold conditions in Antarctica.B．They will change the numbers and proportions of species in Antarctica.C．The sea surface temperature of Antarctica will rise more quickly.D．The number of shrimp and ribbon worms will increase in Antarctica.2．How does the author feel about the alien species’ invasion to Antarctica?A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Satisfied. D．Excited.3．Which is the best title of this passage?A．Creatures in Antarctica Are UniqueB．The Extreme Conditions in AntarcticaC．Alien Species Are Not Found in AntarcticaD．Alien Species May Change Antarctic EcosystemBAs seniors in college looking forward to life’s next goals-graduation and employment-it is essential to have a sense of feeling important. Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes not so small current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are meant to stop me from even applying. The charges come in the form of words that seem to shout out like “It is not even worth trying!” or “You look as if you were a qualified man...”I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me excited. Maybe the first time I could actually imagine myself in a position. I do not want to tell you which one because then there will be one more person applying for it. However, the professor said to me, “You and thousands of other people are interested in that job.” His response successfully dampened(抑制)my initial enthusiasm. So I went back to work on my cover letter, feeling like one little itty-bitty(极小的)sardine swimming in a school of thousands, with far less motivation than I had initially.Of course, the realities are good, and we should never feel deserving of, or entitled to, a position. I would say there are only a few select students out there. The cream, who has academic advantages, would be sure to stand out. The rest of us, struggling through our course loads, are the crop. But being the crop does not make us any less important!The point is that, like the old Hasidic story goes in Jewish tradition, we should always remember to carry two slips of paper in our pockets, especially during times of challenge and transition. When feeling beat down, or lost within a school of sardines, take out one slip of paper that says “For my sake, the world was created”. But for fear that you become a person filled with self-importance, carry a second slip of paper to serve as a gentle reminder, “I am but dust and ashes.”4．What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?A．He doesn’t want to work after graduation.B．He has no confidence in finding a good job.C．He tries to behave himself after graduation.D．He shows no interest in most jobs in the list.5．After talking with the professor, the author was ________.A．inspired B．confused C．discouraged D．embarrassed6．What does the underlined part “the crop” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．The plants in the field. B．Common members of a group.C．Those who enjoy their life. D．Those who are tied to a position.7．What’s suggested in the last paragraph?A．Control our feelings when faced with different problems.B．Read as many old stories as possible in our daily life.C．Learn how to make ourselves important to others.D．Understand the function of two sheets of paper.CInternet time tied to teen depression(抑郁) symptomsSpending time online is normal behaviour for teenagers. But too much Internet use by teens —or too little, for that matter —might be related to depression, a new study finds.The findings, reported in the journal of Pediatrics, do not mean that the Internet is to blame. For one, teens in the study who spent no time online were also at increased risk of depression symptoms. Instead, the researchers say that both heavy Internet use, and non-use, could serve as signals that a teenager is having a hard time.For the study, Dr Pierre-Andre Michaud and his colleagues at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, surveyed 7,200 individuals aged 16 to 20 about their Internet use.Those who w ere online more than two hours per day were considered “heavy” Internet users,while those online anywhere from several times per week to two hours per day were considered “regular” users.The teenagers also answered a number of health-related questions, including some standard questions about "depressive tendencies” that gauge(判定) how often a person feels sad or hopeless. Compared with regular Internet users, the study found, kids who were heavy users or non-users were more likely to be depressed or very depressed.Among male teens, heavy users and non-users were both around one-third more likely to have a high depression score, compared to “regular” users. Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non-users had a 46 percent greater likelihood compared to regular users.That was with factors like family income and any chronic health problems taken into account.Since teenagers typically go online to contact with friends, the researchers speculate(推测) that those who are never online may be more socially isolated.8．How long are those who are online per day considered “heavy” Internet users?A．More than two hours. B．More than eight hours.C．More than twelve hours. D．More than ten hours.9．What’s the purpose of Dr Michaud and his colleagues’ study?A．To know the actual number of teenagers online.B．To know the actual time of teenagers online.C．To know the influence of study online on teenagers.D．To know the relationship between the Internet use and depression.10．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “isolated” in the last paragraph?A．Independent B．UnitedC．Separated. D．Capable.11．According to the accounts of the sixth paragraph, what can we conclude?A．Non-users of Internet aren’t likely to be depressed.B．Among girls, heavy Internet users are more likely to suffer depression than regular users. C．Heavy users will lead to death unless limited.D．Non-users have more possibility to be depressed than heavy users.DA study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a “reward” for something like getting kids to school on tim e or taking them to the doctor for checkups．Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes ．What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family’s alcohol and tobacco purchases．The news may surprise some people, but it’s true, and the researchers have several theories about why．One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible ．Investing in their kids’ education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren’t even a possibility．So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality．Another theory is that peopl e just generally seem to do what they’re told．If they are given money and told to use it for their family’s welfare, in most cases, they will do just that．And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children．Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don’t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought ．Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families．And that’s money well spent．12．The study proves that ．A．cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwiseB．cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kidsC．given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobaccoD．poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs13．A cash transfer led to a reduction in a f amily’s alcohol and tobacco purchases because ．A．the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobaccoB．the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dreamC．buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobaccoD．that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family14．In paragraph 5, when the author said “women control the purse strings”, he just meant “ ”．A．women are told what to do B．women are given the moneyC．women know what to do with the money D．women have the final word for money15．The passage mainly tells us ．A．how the study was carried outB．why cash transfer is preferredC．the findings of a study and explanations to themD．the theories for a study about cash transfers第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析

2020考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析(1)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components.This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (2) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways.Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom. (3)Experience with campus organizations andoff-campus community involvement can be highly valuable inpreparing international students for future leadership intheir professional field upon their return home.The typical American college’s support forextracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world, This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree. It remains an entirely optional activity, but (4)it is notedhere because Americans have traditionally viewed success in one’s role as a citizen as closely linked to a “well-rounded”life that incorporates a variety of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a person’s experience.A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for studentsfrom other countries. (5) On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where students can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.答案1.如果对美国教育体系的讨论未能涉及很多学院及大学教育中非学术性的、社会的及“课程外”的方面，即其对个性成长的重视，那么这种讨论就不全面。

考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案

考研英语模拟翻译—英译汉试题以及答案一、考研英语翻译英译汉1． It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes．A．最好的工作要慢慢找，不要太着急。

B．工作中不要太急，免得出错。

C．干这活最好要慢点不要匆忙，免得出错。

D．最好要多花点时间在工作上，免得忙中出错。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”和“take yore time”。

“It is better to do sth. than to do sth. ”这个句型表示是两件事情的比较，“最好采取……，而不是……”选项A理解出错，选项B没有把这种比较的意思表达出来，选项D 没有翻译出“this job”。

知识模块：英译汉2． Not until the problem 0f talents and funds is solved, is our talking about the project meaningful．A．不到解决人才和资金问题的时候，无须讨论这项工程的。

B．讨论这项工程有无意义要看人才和资金问题能否得到解决。

C．只有解决了人才和资金问题，讨论这项工程才有意义。

D．解决人才和资金问题与讨论这项工程具有同样重要的意义。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“Not until…”这个句型的理解。

该句表示强调，意为“直到……才”。

选项D对句型理解有误。

选项A和选项B没有把强调的语气翻译出来，且选项A后半句有漏译现象。

知识模块：英译汉3． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。

2020年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语模拟卷(四)(解析版)

2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语卷(四)(时间：100分钟，满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A (2019·广州市调研测试)【语篇解读】本文介绍了几个旅游广告。

1．What is the cost for two nights of accommodation for two people at the Yakamoz Hotel with the Lonely Planet guide book discount?A．￡88. B．￡80.C．￡72. D．￡64.C[考查数字计算。

根据Turkey—Yakamoz Hotel部分中的“2019 rates—twin bedded rooms ￡20 per person”和“Show this ad to get an exclusive 10% Lonely Planet guide book discount”，并结合题干可知，两个人两夜优惠后应付的费用是：￡20×2×2×90%＝￡72，故选C。

]2．Rail holidays are available for ．A．North America，Europe and AustraliaB．North America，South America and AsiaC．Australia，Asia and EuropeD．North America，South America and AustraliaD[考查推理判断。

根据Rail Holidays of the World部分中提到的“Peru”“Brazil”“Califonia”“Eastern Canada”“Australia & New Zealand”可推知，在这个度假活动中可以去北美洲、南美洲和澳大利亚，故选D。

考研英语二2020年阅读理解译文

题目：2020年考研英语二阅读理解译文解析【导言】2020年的考研英语二阅读理解部分题目涉及了诸多热门话题，如人工智能、环境保护、社会问题等。

考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力和翻译能力，因此备考过程中除了熟练阅读外文资料，还需要注重英译汉的训练。

下面，我们将就2020年考研英语二阅读理解部分的几道题目进行译文解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。

【正文】1. 题目一：《人工智能与工作》题干：人工智能技术使得人们的工作岌岌可危。

人工智能技术对人类工作将产生怎样的影响？原文：人工智能技术以其高效和准确的特性，正在渗透进人们的日常工作中，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，范围涵盖全面。

这些新兴的技术不仅能够完成劳动力密集型的工作，而且还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。

随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计在未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化工具所取代。

译文：人工智能技术正在广泛应用于各个行业，从制造业到服务业，从工程师到普通劳动者，已经成为无法回避的趋势。

它们不仅可以完成需要大量人力的工作，还能够执行一部分技术密集型的工作。

随着人工智能技术的不断发展，预计未来几十年内会有相当数量的工作被自动化取代。

2. 题目二：《环境污染与可持续发展》题干：环境污染问题已成为全球性难题。

为了实现可持续发展，我们应该采取怎样的措施？原文：在全球范围内，环境问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。

环境污染给人类带来了巨大的危害，严重威胁着生态平衡和人类健康。

要实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡循环利用资源、促进环境教育等。

译文：环境问题已成为全球关注的焦点。

环境污染给人类造成了严重的危害，对生态平衡和人类健康构成了威胁。

为了实现可持续发展，必须采取切实有效的措施，包括加强环境治理、推动绿色发展、倡导低碳生活、提倡资源循环利用以及促进环境教育。

3. 题目三：《社会问题与解决办法》题干：社会问题如贫富差距、就业难题等已经成为全球性难题。

考研英语模拟试卷

考研英语模拟试卷考研英语模拟试卷一、写作部分作文一：题目：随着互联网的普及，越来越多的年轻人沉迷于网络世界，忽视了自己的身体健康和学习。

请就此现象写一篇议论文，分析其危害和原因，并提出可行的解决方案。

当今社会，互联网已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

然而，随着互联网的普及，越来越多的年轻人沉迷于网络世界，忽视了身体健康和学习。

这种现象已经引起了广泛关注。

首先，长时间使用互联网会对身体健康产生负面影响。

长时间保持坐姿、盯着屏幕，容易导致视力下降、颈椎疼痛等问题。

此外，缺乏运动也会导致身体机能下降，甚至引发肥胖等健康问题。

其次，沉迷于网络世界也会影响年轻人的学习。

过度使用互联网会使人分散注意力，无法专注于学习。

同时，一些年轻人会沉迷于社交媒体和在线游戏，浪费大量时间，导致学习成绩下降。

那么，是什么原因导致年轻人沉迷于网络世界呢？一方面，互联网提供了丰富多彩的内容，让人很容易沉迷其中。

另一方面，现代社会竞争激烈，一些年轻人可能会因为压力过大而选择逃避现实，沉迷于网络世界。

为了解决这个问题，我们可以从以下几个方面入手。

首先，加强身体健康意识教育，让年轻人认识到久坐、长时间使用屏幕等行为的危害。

其次，推广体育运动，鼓励年轻人参加各种运动项目，提高身体素质。

最后，建立正确的价值观和积极的人生态度，让年轻人明白生命的意义和价值，珍惜时间，努力学习。

总之，解决年轻人沉迷于网络世界的问题需要多方面的努力。

只有全社会共同关注，采取有效的措施，才能帮助年轻人摆脱网络沉迷，拥有健康、美好的未来。

作文二：题目：请根据以下给出的英文短文写一篇议论文，分析其中所阐述的观点并进行评论。

The idea of a four-day workweek has been gaining popularity in recent years. Proponents of this idea argue that it would increase productivity and improve work-life balance, while critics claim that it would lead to higher costs and increased stress for employees.Proponents of the four-day workweek argue that having an extraday off each week would increase productivity. They believe that employees would be more focused and engaged during their workdays because they would have more time to rest and recharge. Additionally, having more time off would allow employees to better manage their work-life balance, reducing stress and increasing overall happiness.However, critics of the four-day workweek argue that it would lead to higher costs for businesses. With fewer workdays, companies would have to pay employees for more days of work, which would increase labor costs. Additionally, critics believe that having an extra day off would lead to more stress for employees, as they would have to rush to complete work they had originally planned to spread across five days. Personally, I am in favor of the four-day workweek. Although it might increase costs for some businesses, the benefits to employees and their work-life balance would be significant. Moreover, employees would be more engaged and productive during their shorter workweeks, which would ultimately benefit businesses as well. The key is finding a balance that works for both employees and employers, and it's important to explore this option further to see if it can be implemented effectively.在议论文部分，作者首先提出了四天工作周的概念及其支持者和批评者的观点。

2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(全15篇)

2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案（1）聘金(endowment)是中国传统习俗的一部分。

通常，新郎(bridegroom)需要给新娘家一笔钱作为聃礼来定下婚礼。

但是近几年来其标准不断上升,致使大多数家庭都很难达到。

快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因。

对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。

因此，许多新婚夫妇都只能向父母求助。

表达难点1.第2句中的“作为聘礼”在汉译英时，可以顺承前面一句“聘金”而省略不译。

“来定下婚礼”表目的，故将其译作状语to fix a marriage。

2.第3句“……不断上升，致使大多数家庭都很难达到”表因果关系，可用so...that...结构来表达，“某人很难做某事”英语对应的表达为sb. finds it difficult to do sth，此句可译为...have become so high... that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them。

3.翻译第4句“快速上涨的生活成本是聘金增加的主要原因”时，如果按照原主干“生活成本是主要原因译，则不能很好表达出原句强调“上涨”的利害关系，故转换结构，用“快速上涨”作主语用介词短语in the living cost 作定语。

4.倒数第2句中的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难”是一个表转折的并列句。

但通过分析发现，“这一切”指代前半句内容，故可用which引导非限制性定语从句将前后分句联系起来，以避免不必要的信息重复，这样句子更加简洁紧凑。

“物价的不断上涨”处理成原因状语because of the constantly rising prices 置后，使句子表达清晰流畅。

参考译文Endowment is part of Chinese tradition. Usually, a bridegroom needs to pay a certain amount of money to the bride's family to fix a marriage. But the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them. The rapid rise in the living cost is the main reason for the increase of endowment. For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. Consequently, many newly married couples turn to their parents for help.2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案（2）中国结(Chinese knot)是中国文化的典型代表之一。

2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案（一）

2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案（一）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(一)Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)(Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha,) (2(the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.) It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3(In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918.) Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4)(indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.) Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation toanswer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5)(I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type.)But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, whi ch “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”总体分析本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。

2020年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(2)

2020年考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案（2）There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the mostprolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cashin on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines.(3)( At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady j ob somewhere”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of theliterary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published,selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —me aning something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”答案1.但是这个点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤相关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况相关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(四)

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(四)The Englishman has been called a political animal, and he values what is political and practical so much that ideas easily become objects of dislike in his eyes, and thinkers, miscreants, because practice is everything, a free play of the mind is nothing.(46) The notion of the free play of the mind upon all subjects being a pleasure in itself, being an object of desire, being an essential provider of elements without which a nation’s spirit, whatever compensations it may have for them, must in the long run, die of emptiness, hardly enters into an Englishman’s thoughts. It is noticeable that the word curiosity, which in other languages is used in a good sense, to mean, as a high and fine quality of man’s nature, just this disinterested love of a free play of the mind on all subjects, for its own sake—it is noticeable, I say, that this word has in our language no sense of the kind, no sense but a rather bad and disparaging one. But criticism, real criticism, is essentially the exercise of this very quality.(47)It obeys an instinct prompting it to try to know the best that is known and thought in the world, irrespectively of practice, politics, and everything of the kind; and to value knowledge and thought as they approach this best, without the intrusion of any other considerations whatever. (48)This is an instinct for which there is, I think, little originalsympathy in the practical English nature, and what there was of it has undergone a long benumbing period of blight and suppression in the epoch of Romanticism.(49)It is of the last importance that English criticism should clearly discern what rule for its course, in order to avail itself of the field now opening to it, and to produce fruit for the future, it ought to take. The rule may be summed up in one word-disinterestedness. And how is criticism to show disinterestedness? By keeping aloof from what is called “the practical view of things”; by resolutely following the law of its own nature, which is to be a free play of the mind on all subjects which it touches. (50)By steadily refusing to lend itself to any of those concealed, political, practical considerations about ideas, which plenty of people will be sure to attach to them, but which criticism has really nothing to do with. Its business is, as I have said, simply to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas. Its business is to do this with inflexible honesty, with due ability; but its business is to do no more.答案46.对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣，一种愿望，为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素。