英语直接引语和间接引语
(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语
英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义:1、 直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I ,me ,my ,mine ,we ,us ,our ,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ,your ,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ,him ,his ,she ,her ,hers,it ,its,they,their ,theirs ,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
一随主:He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾:He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ,所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新:He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
英语直接引语和间接引语
英语直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” XXX先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was XXX.XXX先生说他很忙。
(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。
在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练时,要特别注意句子的意义。
1)人称的变化a)He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。
”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。
”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I XXX work.”He said that he was XXX.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using XXX.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般曩昔时→曩昔完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had XXX”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变革例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "XXX."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day本日-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."XXX.XXX-the day before今天-前一天she said, "I went there XXX."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观谬误,变成直接引语时,时态稳定。
英语直接引语和间接引语
主 句主的人称保 Tennis.”
she liked tennis.
持一致
二 随 宾
引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
He said toLily, “ you must get up early.”
He told Lily that she must get up early.
The children didn't know who he was. 三如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实普遍真理自 然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态, 从句时态都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
D. if he heard…the week ago
Sandy said to her friends that I don’t like
computers. said
she
didn’t
Sandy said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
一.“I never eat meat.” he said.
Indirect Speech间接引语
She said she liked singing. She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用
that引导宾语从句.用sayto me,tell,
第三 人称 不变
引号内的第三人 She said to
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语语法中重要的知识点。
在日常交流和书面表达中,人们经常使用直接引语和间接引语来引述他人的话语内容。
本文将对直接引语和间接引语进行归纳总结,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引语形式。
一. 直接引语(Direct Speech)直接引语是将别人的原话直接引述出来的表达方式。
它通常使用引号将原话包裹起来,并在引号前后使用逗号或句号作为标点符号。
直接引语的语气直接、生动,可以准确地传递原始信息。
1. 表达方式:Tom said, "I like chocolate."2. 特点:- 使用引号标注原话;- 使用逗号或句号标点;- 保留原话的时态、人称和语气。
3. 例句:a) She asked, "What time is it?"b) He shouted, "Stop!"二. 间接引语(Indirect Speech)间接引语是将别人的话转述成自己的话的表达方式,同时改变动词的时态、人称以及其他相关的语言表达手法。
与直接引语相比,间接引语更加客观,不再保留原始语气和说话者的个人情感。
1. 表达方式:Tom said that he liked chocolate.2. 特点:- 去除引号,没有标点符号的限制;- 改变动词的时态、人称和语气;- 可能需要改变疑问句的语序。
3. 例句:a) She asked what time it was.b) He shouted to stop.三. 直接引语转换为间接引语的规则1. 时态转换:- 一般现在时变为一般过去时;- 现在进行时变为过去进行时;- 一般过去时变为过去完成时;- 现在完成时变为过去完成时;- 将来时变为将来过去时。
2. 人称变化:- 第一人称变为第三人称;- 第二人称不变化;- 第三人称根据实际情况变化。
英语直接引语和间接引语用法
英语直接引语和间接引语用法在英语的学习中,有很多的关于语法的知识点,下面店铺的小编将为大家带来关于直接引语和间接引语的用法介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。
英语直接引语和间接引语用法介绍一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。
一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。
(直接引语)Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。
现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that 在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
英语中的直接引语和间接引语
英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话,被引用的部分通常放在引号内。
例如:He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中,“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语,它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。
2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号。
例如:He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语,它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。
二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称(I或we),在变为间接引语时,要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称(he/she或they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语:I said that I liked this book.(这里因为主语都是I,人称不变,但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.)- 如果直接引语中的第二人称(you),在变为间接引语时,要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称(I/we)或第三人称(he/she/they)。
- 例如:- 直接引语:He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语:He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语:He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语:He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。
什么是直接引语和间接引语
什么是直接引语和间接引语?直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语中用来引述他人的话语的两种方式。
它们有不同的语法结构和用法。
下面是关于直接引语和间接引语的详细解释和使用指导:1. 直接引语:直接引语是将别人的话语直接引用,使用引号将其括起来。
直接引语保留了原始说话者的原话,包括时态、人称和语气。
例如,直接引语可以是:"I love watching movies," she said ("我喜欢看电影,"她说)。
2. 间接引语:间接引语是将别人的话语转述成自己的话,不使用引号。
间接引语通常以动词引导,如say、tell、ask等,并引入一个从句来表示所引述的内容。
间接引语通常改变了时态、人称和语气。
例如,间接引语可以是:She said that she loved watching movies(她说她喜欢看电影)。
3. 直接引语和间接引语的转换:在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,需要注意以下几个方面:-时态的变化:一般情况下,时态会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
例如,一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
-人称的变化:人称也会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
例如,第一人称变为第三人称,第二人称根据情况变为第三人称或保持不变。
-代词的变化:代词也需要根据情况进行变化。
例如,第一人称的代词"I"变为第三人称的代词"he/she",第二人称的代词"you"根据情况变为第三人称的代词或保持不变。
-时间和地点的变化:时间和地点也可能发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。
4. 引导词的变化:在间接引语中,引导词通常用来引导从句,并在引语中提供信息。
例如,"She said, 'I love watching movies'"("她说,'我喜欢看电影'")可以转换为"She said that she loved watching movies"(她说她喜欢看电影)。
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的用法区别
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语的用法区别直接引语和间接引语是英语中常用的两种引述方式。
直接引语是直接引用别人说的话或者写的句子,用引号将其括起来。
而间接引语则是将他人的话或者句子用自己的话来转述。
直接引语的用法如下所示:1. 引用别人的陈述句:"I like playing basketball," Tom said.(“我喜欢打篮球,”汤姆说。
)2. 引用别人的一般疑问句:"Are you coming to the party?" Lucy asked.(“你要来参加聚会吗?”露西问道。
)3. 引用别人的选择疑问句:"Do you want tea or coffee?" the waiter asked.(“你要茶还是咖啡?”服务员问道。
)4. 引用别人的命令句:"Don't touch that!" the teacher shouted.(“不要碰那个!”老师大声喊道。
)5. 引用别人的祈使句:"Please be quiet," the librarian said.(“请安静,”图书管理员说道。
)6. 引用别人的感叹句:"What a beautiful garden!" Mary exclaimed.(“多么美丽的花园啊!”玛丽惊叹道。
)直接引语的主要特点是用引号括起来,并使用相应的引号标点符号。
间接引语的用法如下所示:1. 陈述句的间接引语:Tom said that he liked playing basketball.(汤姆说他喜欢打篮球。
)2. 一般疑问句的间接引语:Lucy asked if I was coming to the party.(露西问我是否要来参加聚会。
)3. 选择疑问句的间接引语:The waiter asked if I wanted tea or coffee.(服务员问我想要茶还是咖啡。
语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别
语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别直接引语与间接引语是语法学中两个重要的概念,它们用于引述他人的话语或思想观点。
在日常英语交流和写作中,正确运用直接引语和间接引语能够让我们的表达更加准确、清晰。
接下来,本文将就直接引语和间接引语的区别进行论述。
一、直接引语直接引语是指将他人的原话直接用引号引述出来的句子或短语。
当我们在写作中要引用别人的具体语句时,就需要使用直接引语,并用引号将其括起来。
例如:1. 直接引语的一般形式:He said, "I am tired."直接引语是原话的直接表述,用引号将其括起来,引号内的句子保持原封不动,没有进行任何改动。
2. 直接引语的时态变化:He said, "I am teaching English."当直接引语所引述的内容发生在过去,但是引述时发生在现在,我们需要根据引述的时间点来调整直接引语中的时态。
这样可以保证引述的准确性。
二、间接引语间接引语是指用自己的语言来总结、概括别人的原话或思想观点。
在间接引语中,我们不再使用引号,而是将原话转述为宾语从句或者其他的间接引语结构。
例如:1. 间接引语的一般形式:He said that he was tired.与直接引语不同,间接引语是将原话转述为一个完整的句子,并且去掉了引号,使用了连接词“that”来引导宾语从句。
2. 间接引语的时态变化:He said that he was teaching English.当间接引语所转述的内容发生在过去,我们需要根据转述时的时间点来调整间接引语中的时态。
三、直接引语与间接引语的区别直接引语和间接引语在表达上有几个重要的区别:1. 标点符号的不同:直接引语使用引号来括起来,而间接引语没有引号。
2. 转述方式的不同:直接引语是将他人的原话直接引述出来,而间接引语是用自己的话对原话进行转述。
3. 时态和人称的调整:直接引语中的时态和人称保持原封不动,而间接引语中需要根据转述时的时间点和人称进行相应的调整。
英语语法-直接引语和间接引语
第十二章直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
一、直接引语变间接引语A.陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。
与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。
She said, We are very fond of sports. 她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again, he said. 他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
(that可省略)B.疑问句的间接引语1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?→ My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
直接引语和间接引语
英语:直接引语和间接引语一、区别:直接引语指直接引用别人说的话,有引号。
间接引语指用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
二、要点:直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
三、引导词的选择及语序1. 陈述句:S + V + that + 陈述语序(S + V)“That is the trouble”, said Bill.改为:Bill said ___________________________the trouble.注意:that 可省略,但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列,则第二个that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday.2. 一般疑问句:S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序(S + V)He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”改为:He asked us ___________________________leaving that night.3. 特殊疑问句:S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序(S + V)“Why did you lock the door?” father said to Anne.改为:Father asked Anne ____________________________________the door.四、时态的一致1.主句是过去时,变间接引语时,从句时态向“过去”退一步:2.直接引语是客观真理时,变成间接引语时时态不变:The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”改为:The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ noise in the library.3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的,变成间接引语时时态不变:Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.”改为:Wei Fang said _________ _________ _________ born in 1994.4.直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态,变间接引语时,时态不变:He says, “I have been married for 3 years.”改为:He said that _________ _________ _________ _________ for 3 years.五、人称及状语的变化1.人称变化:“一主二宾三不变”(直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语,第二人称看主句宾语,第三人称无须变)试观察:She said to him, “I am very hungry.”改为:She told him that she was very hungry.She said to him, “You are very nice.”改为:She told him that he was very nice.She said to him, “Lily is very nice.”改为:She told him that Lily was very nice.2.状语与限定词变化:“这这那那,来来去去”。
英语语法 直接引语与间接引语
特殊疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构:
A asked +原句疑问词 She asked when they built that bridge. A asked B +原句疑问词 Mrs. Bill asked him which book he liked best.
祈使句:
改为间接引语后,就成了以不定式短语 形式出现的宾语补足语(动词常是ask/ tell/order/advise/warn /remind等)。 He said to the girl, “Do it at once.” He told the girl to do it at once. Mrs. Hill said, “ please sing at our party, Mary.” Mrs. Hill asked Mary to sing at their party.
英语语法
一字不改地引用或复述别人的 话,被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语; 直接引语必须都放在引号中,其位置 常在句尾或句首。
用自己的话转述别人的话;被转述的部分 就叫间接引语;间接引语不必用括号,一 般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。
原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。 “Take off your boots,” he said. “I don‟t know where your bike is,” said the Arab.
一般疑问句 直接引语变间接引语的结构:
A asked if/whether He asked if/whether I could hear him. A asked B if whether The teacher asked Bob if/whether he had read that book.
英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解
英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解引言:英语语法中,直接引语和间接引语是两种常见的引述方式。
在交流和写作中,正确使用直接引语和间接引语能够增加表达的准确性和可读性。
本文将详细介绍直接引语和间接引语的用法,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引述方式。
一、直接引语直接引语是指直接引述他人的原话或句子,通常使用引号包裹,并在引用的句子前后使用逗号或其他标点符号进行标示。
下面是一些直接引语的例子:1. She said, "I am going to the park."2. "Can you help me with my homework?" he asked.3. "It's a beautiful day," they exclaimed happily.需要注意的是,在直接引语中,引述的内容要保持原文的准确性,不得有意省略或更改原话,同时引号的使用要准确,避免引起误解。
二、间接引语间接引语是指通过自己的话来转述他人的原话或句子,不使用引号,而是采用陈述句的语法结构。
在间接引语中,还需要注意变换动词时态和人称。
下面是一些间接引语的例子:1. She told me that she was going to the park.2. He asked if I could help him with his homework.3. They said happily that it was a beautiful day.在转述他人的原话时,要准确地传递原文的意思,避免产生歧义和误解。
此外,在使用间接引语时,还要注意一下几点:1. 当直接引语中有时态或人称变化时,需要将其调整为合适的变化形式。
例如,“I am going” 转述为“she was going”,“Can you help me?” 转述为“he asked if I could help him”。
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)8
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)一、直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时,被引用的句子称为直接引语。
在用直接引语时,引语前后都要加引号。
引导引语的动词称为引用动词,如:say, ask, answer, reply等。
引用动词多数放在后面,有时放在前面,间或插在引语中间。
在把引用动词放在后面时,有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。
【例】“Who is it?” Ann shouted.“I never eat meat,” she explained.“Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.”当用自己的话转述别人的话时,被转述的部分称为间接引语。
这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
在多数情况下,引语都由连词that引导,但在say, tell等词后可以省略。
【例】He said (that) he had lost the bag.Tell her I am out.二、把直接引语变成间接引语时,要改变的内容1.要根据意思改变人称。
2.要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。
三、各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that可省略)。
【例】Tony said to me, “ I will leave this book in your desk.”→Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk.如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句,变为间接引语时,可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
【例】Jane said to Tony, “You’d better ask your friends for some advice.”→Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice.→Jane suggested Tony asking his friends for some advice.→Jane advised/suggested that Tony (should) ask his friends for some advice.2.一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if引导,同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
英语语法 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语引用别人的话一般有两种方式,一种是直接引用别人的原话,并把它放在引号内,这叫 直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。
间接 引语在许多情况下构成宾语从句。
“I want to buy a house in the country.” Jack said. 杰克说:“我想在乡下买座房子。
”(直接引语) Jack said that he wanted to buy a house in the country. 杰克他说他想在乡下买座房子。
(间接引语) 1. 直接引语变间接引语的七大变化 (1) 人称变化 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。
① 一随主 是指在直接引语变间接引语时, 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从 句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
She said. “My brother wants to go with me.” → She said her brother wanted to go with her. ② 二随宾 是指直接引语变间接引语时, 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人 称。
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” → He asked Kate how her sister was then。
③ 第三人称不更新 是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修 饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr. Smith said: “Jack is a good worker。
” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。
(2) 时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时, 若主句为过去时态, 变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态 往后推一个。
英语语法直接引语和间接引语
英语语法直接引语和间接引语集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、定义:1、直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、人称变化口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
一随主:He said , “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I改为he, it不变)与主语一致二随宾:He?said,?“You?told?me?this?story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”??→He?said?that?I?had?told?him?that?story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me,所以You改为I,?me改为him,?told改为had?told)?She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?”→She asked Mary how she went to work everyday.与宾语一致第三人称不更新:He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
英语直接引语与间接引语
英语直接引语与间接引语直接引语和间接引语是英语中常见的引述他人说话或思想的方式。
在书写中,我们需要了解如何正确地使用和引用直接引语和间接引语。
以下是关于英语直接引语和间接引语的详细介绍。
一、直接引语直接引语是将原话使用引号直接援引出来并照原样呈现的方式。
在引用直接引语时,需要使用适当的标点符号、引号和动词。
例如:1. 她说:“我很喜欢这本书。
”2. “你什么时候回来?”他问道。
3. “我会帮助你的。
”他向我保证道。
在直接引语中,引号需要紧贴引文,句号或其他标点符号则放在引号之内。
动词通常在引语之后的逗号或冒号之前使用。
需要注意的是,当某人的原话跨越多个段落时,只需要在首次引用时使用引号,其他段落之前不再使用引号。
二、间接引语间接引语是通过转述或改写原话的方式来引述他人的说话或思想。
在间接引语中,不需要使用引号,而是通过动词的变化来呈现原话。
例如:1. 她说她很喜欢那本书。
2. 他问我什么时候回来。
3. 他向我保证会帮助我。
在使用间接引语时,需要将原话改写成陈述句,并修改人称和动词的时态,以适应引述者的身份。
对于引述他人的提问,需要将原问句改写成陈述句。
需要注意的是,间接引语中不需要使用句号或其他标点符号。
三、引用动词在使用直接引语或间接引语时,我们需要使用适当的引用动词。
以下是常见的引用动词:1. 说(said)例如:“我很喜欢这本书。
”她说道。
2. 问(asked)例如:“你什么时候回来?”他问道。
3. 回答(answered)例如:“我会帮助你的。
”他回答道。
4. 告诉(told)例如:“明天会下雨。
”他告诉我。
5. 表示(expressed)例如:“我对这个决定感到满意。
”她表示。
需要根据具体情境选择合适的引用动词,并根据时态和人称进行变化。
总结:英语直接引语和间接引语是引述他人说话或思想的两种常见方式。
在使用直接引语时,需要使用引号和适当的标点符号,并在引语之后使用适当的动词。
而在使用间接引语时,需要将原话改写成陈述句,并通过动词的变化来呈现原话。
高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语作者:叶文斌二、直接引语变间接引语的时态规律五、不同类型的直接引语变为间接引语的规律Grammar Work[语法专练]1.将下面的直接引语改为间接引语a. Aunt Emily said to me, “I will take your daughter to the history museum tomorrow.”____________________________________________________________________________ b. Tom asked, “Do you have the habit of having sports every day?”____________________________________________________________________________ c. My sister asked me, “When did you find the answer to this question?”____________________________________________________________________________ d. “My workers are trying to finish this task ahead of time,” the engineer said to us.____________________________________________________________________________ e. Mr. Smith said to us, “Don’t be late for school tomorrow, please.”____________________________________________________________________________ 2.将下面的间接引语改为直接引语a. The teacher asked us who could solve that difficult question.____________________________________________________________________________ b. The traveler said that everything had changed since he came last time.____________________________________________________________________________ c. The old man order his grandsons to be quiet.____________________________________________________________________________ d. He said that his parents should have been there three days before, but they were not there then. ____________________________________________________________________________ e. The interviewee asked me when I was born.____________________________________________________________________________Grammar Quiz[语法小测]1. Little brother asked me _____ I could buy him a toy when I went to town.A. whetherB. /C. thatD. how2. —Could you tell me where I can find the bus stop?—Yes, I will tell you _____ you want to know.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. which3. —_____?—No, she left here without one word.A. Did Julia say when she will come backB. Did Julia when will she come backC. Did Julia say when she would come backD. Did Julia say when would she come back4. Can you tell me _____ the post office in a short way, sir?A. how can I get toB. how I can get toC. where can I get toD. where I can get to5. The repairman asked Mr. Black _____ with his air conditioner.A. what the matter isB. what the matter wasC. what is the matterD. what was the matter6. Mr. Bush told his listener that Edison _____ the electric light last century.A. inventsB. inventedC. has inventedD. had invented7. Mother _____ if I could open the tight window _____.A. said to me; thereB. asked me; thereC. asked to me; hereD. said to me; here8. The lawyer asked inspectors _____ evidence found here was true or not.A. thatB. whichC. ifD. whether9. I ask my boss if he _____ to my birthday party when he _____ time next Sunday.A. comes; will haveB. comes; hasC. will come; will haveD. will come; has10. Do you remember how many times _____ to Shanghai since last year?A. you have beenB. have you beenC. had you beenD. did you goGrammar Work[语法专练]1.将下面的直接引语改为间接引语a. Aunt Emily said to me that she would take my daughter to the history museum the next day.b. Tom asked us whether we had the habit of having sports every day.c. My sister asked me when we had found the answer to this question.d. The engineer told us that his workers are trying to finish that task ahead of time.e. Mr. Smith told us not to be late for school the following day.2.将下面的间接引语改为直接引语a. The teacher said to us, “who can solve this difficult question?”b. The traveler said, “Everything has changed since he came last time”.c. “Be quiet, please,” said the old man.d. He said, “My parents should have been here three days ago, but they are not here now.”e. The interviewee said, “”When were you born?”Grammar Quiz[语法小测]1-5 ACCBD 6-10 BBDDA。
英语直接引语和间接引语
英语直接引语和间接引语1. 直接引语定义:直接引用原话,把它放在引号内,不需要改变句子结构中的时态或代词。
如下:They said, “We watched a movie last night.”他们说,“我们昨晚看了一部电影。
”2. 间接引语定义:用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
间接引语大都是宾语从句,当直接引语为陈述句或者疑问句被转换成间接引语时,句子的结构,人称,时态,时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。
如下:Tom said, “I am so hungry.” (direct speech)汤姆说:“我太饿了。
”(直接引语)Tom said that he was so hungry. (indirect speech)汤姆说他太饿了。
(间接引语)在间接引语中我们可以发现人称I变成了he,动词am变成了was。
那么我们就来具体看看由直接引语变为间接引语时,我们的人称和时态如何变化:如何变人称:有一句顺口溜“一随主;二随宾;第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如:She said, "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如:He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如:Mr. Smith said, "Jack is a good worker。
什么是直接引语和间接引语
什么是直接引语和间接引语?直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语中用来引述他人的话语或思想的两种方式。
直接引语是直接将别人的话或思想用他们原本的措辞和形式引述出来。
在直接引语中,引述的话或思想放在引号内,并使用说话动词直接引用。
例如:- John said, "I am going to the store."(约翰说:“我要去商店。
”)间接引语是将别人的话或思想用自己的措辞和形式转述出来。
在间接引语中,引述的话或思想不再放在引号内,而是通过使用动词的不同形式来表示。
通常需要将引述的话或思想变成宾语从句,并根据引述的内容和上下文做相应的变化。
例如:- John said that he was going to the store.(约翰说他要去商店。
)下面是一些关于直接引语和间接引语的规则和例子:1. 动词的变化:-时态变化:直接引语中的动词时态需要根据引述的时间进行变化。
- He said, "I am reading a book."(他说:“我正在读一本书。
”)→ He said that he was reading a book.(他说他正在读一本书。
)-人称变化:直接引语中的第一人称和第二人称需要根据引述的人进行变化。
- She said, "I will come with you."(她说:“我会和你一起来。
”)→ She said that she would come with me.(她说她会和我一起来。
)2. 代词的变化:-直接引语中的人称代词需要根据引述的人进行变化。
- He said, "I love her."(他说:“我爱她。
”)→ He said that he loved her.(他说他爱她。
)3. 时态变化和标点符号:-若引述的事实仍然是真实的或者普遍适用的,间接引语中的时态可以保持不变。
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直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语) Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。
(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。
在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。
1)人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。
”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
b) He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。
”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using the knife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, "These books are mine."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day今天-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."He said that he hadn't seen her that day.yesterday-the day before昨天-前一天she said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day. here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
如:He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)如果在当地转述,here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。
直接引语变间接引语。
见下表。
分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that(口语中常常省略)He says, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”--He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.He said, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”--He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.He said to me, “ you can help her.”--He said to me (that) I could help her.. 1. 连接词:that2. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变3. 时态。
1. 黑体部分是连接词。
斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2. 间接引语部分均为陈述语序。
3. 间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句,连接词之间的叫主句。
4. 当主句是一般现在时态,间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。
5. 当主句是一般过去时态,间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。
当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。
连接词:if或者whether.可译为:是否 He asked me, “Are you good at math?’---He asked me if I was good at math.He asked Amy, “ Do you love me?”---He asked Amy whether she loved him.He asks me, “Is she reading?”---He asks me if she is reading. 1. 连接词:if , whether2. 语序:改为“陈述语序”。
(去掉:Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置)3. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变4. 时态。
当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。
连接词:直接引语中的特殊疑问词。
He asked his wife, “How are you?”---He asked his wife how she was.He asked me , “ What color do you like?”---He asked me what color I liked.He asks me, “ where will she go 3 days later.”---He asks me where she will go 3 days later. 1. 连接词:特殊疑问词2. 语序:改为“陈述语序”。
(去掉:Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置)3. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变4. 时态。
当直接引语为“祈使句”时没有连接词。
用: ask(tell) sb. to do sth改写。
或tell (ask) sb. not to do sth. 改写 He s aid to Amy, “Be careful!”--He asked Amy to be careful.He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”--He told Lily to close the door.He said to me, “Don’t be late.”--He asked me not to be late. 1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。
3. 无须考虑语序4. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变 1. 斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2.间接引语部分是动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语。
重点概括:直接引语变间接引语有着时态,人称,时间状语,地点状语的变化。
1.时态变化:直接引语:一般现在时间接引语:一般过去时直接引语:现在进行时间接引语:过去进行时直接引语:一般将来时间接引语:过去将来时直接引语:现在完成时间接引语:过去完成时直接引语:一般过去时间接引语:过去完成时2.人称变化:She asked Jack,"Where have you been?"She asked Jack where he had been.3.指示代词的变化:thisthat;thesethoseHe said," These books are mine."He said that those books were his.4.时间状语的变化:nowthen;todaythat day;yesterdaythe day before;tomorrowthe next day/the following dayMy father said,“I worked here twenty years ago."My father said that he had worked there twenty years before.5.地点状语的变化:herethereHe asked me,“How can I get here?"He asked me how he could get there.直接引语变间接引语的句式变化:1.陈述句:间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。
2.一般疑问句:间接引语用if或whether, said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。
3.特殊疑问句:间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导,句子用陈述句语序。