考研英语学习专用资料(必备)_split_4

动词：fail,miss,lack,live up to,ignore,refuse,withhold,neglect,refrain,deny,overlook, exclude

名词：absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglect,exclusion

形容词：few,little,free from,far from,short of,safe from,thin,worthy of,ignorant...

副词：little,less,otherwise,too...to...,vainly

连词：more...than,unless,before,until,rather than,or

介词：without,about,except,beyond,instead of,in place of,out of

5.习惯用法的翻译

研究生入学考试中，经常出现一些习惯用法和短语。许多考生因为对此不知道或不敏感，以至对原文的理解产生偏差，甚至产生完全错误的理解，所以，牵涉到习惯用法和短语的部分考生往往失分严重。

我们有必要掌握一些经常在考研题中出现的习惯用法和短语。

现将考研题中经常出现的习惯用法归纳如下：

（1）more A than B,less B than A，not so much B as/but A意思相同，用法相似，都可理解为“与其说是B，还不如说是A”。

这些短语的常见意义为“比…更”，如：There are more cars on the roads in summer than in winter.夏天公路上的车比冬天多。但是这个释义并不适合所有的场合。在很多情况下，这些句型中A、B表示的是不同种类的比较，而且是表示在比较的基础上的一种选择关系，应该译为“与其说…还不如说”。如：Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head.

译文：教学与其说是把知识灌输到假定为一片空白的头脑中，还不如说是对其进行引导和帮助。（本句可理解为将“知识灌输”的行为与“引导和帮助”的行为进行对比，说明教学选择的是后一种行为。故译为“与其说…还不如说”。注意译文与原文的语序相反。）It remains our view that a definition would be more likely to interfere with than to assist the competent organs of the United Nations to take quick and effective action to ensure the maintenance of peace.

译文：我们仍然认为，一项定义与其说是有助于，还不如说是有碍于联合国各个主管机构采取迅速而有效的行动确保和平。

It was a curious exchange,less a debate than a quarrel between two aggressive men,each of them determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.

译文：这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，还不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。

However,this is not so much a weakness in his work as it is the inevitable result of scholars’neglect of this period.

译文：然而，这与其说是他作品中的弱点，倒不如说是学者们忽略对这个时期的研究而造成的必然结果。

（2）no more...than，not any more than表示类比，意思是“和…一样都不”，“不比…更”。

no more...than与not any more不能简单地看做more...than的否定形式。这一结果可能是带有一定的感情色彩的否定形式，也可能是一种较特殊的类比形式。

第一种情况：表示同类否定比较，可译为“不比…更”或“都…同样不”。

The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.

译文：心脏和胃一样无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。

The food on the ship was no better than on any other ship on which Billy had sailed.

译文：这条船上的（供应的）食品和比利工作过的其他船上的食品一样差劲。

第二种情况：表示两者的比较关系，可译为“正如…不，…也不”。

There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,any more than they can limit how much water you drink.

译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，正像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。（这句话实际上是前后两部分进行比较的一种用法）

No one can hold back the tide of revolution any more than a man with a broom can hold a flood that has burst the dam.

译文：任何人都无法阻挡革命洪流，正如一个人不能拿着扫帚挡住决堤的洪水一样。

The archaeologists’efforts are not directed at proving the correctness of the Bible any more than belief in God can be scientifically demonstrated.

译文：考古学家的努力并不是要“验证”圣经的正确性，正如信仰上帝不能从科学上证明一样。

（3）rather than很多情况下是一个表示否定的词组，译成“而不是”。

He rather than you is responsible for the loss.

译文：损失由他而不是你负责。

Rather than a punishment or a burden,work is the opportunity to realize one’s potential.

译文：工作不是惩罚，也不是负担，工作为个人潜力的发挥提供机会。

（4）only too...to相当于very...to表示“非常…”、“很…”。

I shall be only too pleased to help him.

译文：替他帮忙我是非常高兴的。

（5）cannot...too...的意思是“无论怎么也不会过分”，not表示的否定也可用scarcely这样的半否定词代替，意思相似。

A book may be compared to your neighbour;if it be good,it cannot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid of it too early.

译文：一本书好比你的邻居；如果是好书，读书的时间再长也不嫌长；如果不是好书，你越早丢开它越好。

One can scarcely pay too high a price for liberty.

译文：为自由人们付出多大的代价都不过分。

（6）肯定句中other than表示different from或except,“不同于，除了”；在否定句中other than相当于except“除了”。

Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.

译文：提炼矿石的厂房通常不设在采矿石的国家，而设在其他国家。

Holidays other than those in this brochure do not have free places for children.

译文：小册子上没写的节假日里小孩不免费。

We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.

译文：我们错过了最后一班公共汽车，所以除了步行回家外别无选择。

（7）It is not that...but that...的意思是“这不是说，而是说”，或“原因不是…，而是…”。

It is not that the scales in the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

译文：这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然准确得多。