材料力学中英对照词汇

材料力学中英对照词汇

A

安全因数safety factor

B

半桥接法half bridge

闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes

比例极限proportional limit

边界条件boundary conditions

变截面梁beam of variable cross section 变形deformation

变形协调方程compatibility equation 标距gage length

泊松比Poisson’s ratio

补偿块compensating block

C

材料力学mechanics of materials

冲击荷载impact load

初应力，预应力initial stress

纯剪切pure shear

纯弯曲pure bending

脆性材料brittle materials

D

大柔度杆long columns

单位荷载unit load

单位力偶unit couple

单位荷载法unit-load method

单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress

等强度梁beam of constant strength

低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue

电桥平衡bridge balancing

电阻应变计resistance strain gage

电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method

叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load

断面收缩率percentage reduction in area

多余约束redundant restraint

E

二向应力状态state of biaxial stress

F

分布力distributed force

复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress

复合材料composite material

G

杆，杆件bar

刚度stiffness

刚架，构架frame

刚结点rigid joint

高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue

各向同性材料isotropical material

功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem

工作应变计active strain gage

工作应力working stress

构件structural member

惯性半径radius of gyration of an area

惯性积product of inertia

惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia

广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s law

H

横向变形lateral deformation

胡克定律Hook’s law

滑移线slip-lines

J

基本系统primary system

畸变能理论distortion energy theory

畸变能密度distortional strain energy

density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩

polar moment of inertia极限应力

ultimate stress

极限荷载limit load

挤压应力bearing stress

剪力shear force

剪力方程equation of shear force

剪力图shear force diagram

剪流shear flow

剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear

剪切shear

交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress

截面法method of sections

截面几何性质geometrical properties of

an area

截面核心core of section

静不定次，超静定次数degree of a

statically indeterminate problem

静不定问题，超静定问题statically

indeterminate problem

静定问题statically determinate problem

静荷载static load

静矩，一次矩static moment

颈缩necking

K

开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross

section

抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension

抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion

抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion

抗弯截面系数section modulus in

bending

L

拉压刚度axial rigidity

拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar

理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plastic

assumption

力法force method

力学性能mechanical properties

连续梁continuous beam

连续条件continuity condition

梁beams

临界应力critical stress

临界荷载critical load

M

迈因纳定律Miner’s law

名义屈服强度offset yielding stress

莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure

敏感栅sensitive grid

N

挠度deflection

挠曲轴deflection curve

挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve

挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately

differential equation of the deflection

curve

内力internal forces

扭力矩twisting moment

扭矩torsional moment

扭矩图torque diagram

扭转torsion

扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion

扭转角angel of twist

扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion

扭转刚度torsional rigidity

O

欧拉公式Euler’s formula

P

疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance

limit