高一英语导学案 初高中英语知识衔接

第一课时句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（_______词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（________词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（____________）Smoking does harm to the health.（__________）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的___________词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（_________从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为____________）【总结】主语可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______和_______等表示。

【提示】但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（_______词）The weather has turned cold.（_______词）The speech is exciting.（_______词）Three times seven is twenty one?（_______词）His job is to teach English.（_______）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（_______词）The machine must be out of order.（_______短语）Time is up. The class is over.（_______词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（_______从句）【总结】表语一般由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______及_______表示。

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（_______词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（_______词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（_______词）He pretended not to see me.（_______短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（_______短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（_______从句）【提示】宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）【总结】宾补可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______短语和_______充当。

例如：【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（_______）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（_______）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（_______）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（_______）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（_______）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（_______）The man who is speaking is our English teacher.（_______）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）【提示】状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（_______状语）I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（_______状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_______状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（_______状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（_______状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（_______状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（_______状语）She works very hard though she is old.（_______状语）I am taller than he is.（_______状语）练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. He managed to finish the work in time.11. Tom came to ask me for advice.12. He found it important to master English.13. Do you have anything else to say?14. Would you please tell me your address?15. He sat there, reading a newspaper.16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.17. He noticed a man enter the room.18. The apples tasted sweet.二、选择填空：( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man which is here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather ____.A.wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where第二课时简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。