精读Unit4语言点

Book Four

Unit Four: Work and Career

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

in the strict sense in the most limited meaning 从严格意义上说

e.g. 1. In the strict sense, it is not a piece of classical music.

2. They are not immigrants, at least not in the strict sense.

从严格意义上来说他们不是移民。

abolish vt. bring to an end by law; stop 废除；取消

e.g. 1. The government is determined to abolish abuses of power.

2. These reforms will abolish racially discriminatory laws.

这些改革措施将彻底废除带有种族歧视的法律。

3. The end of law is not abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.

法律的目的不是废除或约束而是维护并扩大自由。

CF: abolish, cancel

这些动词均含“取消，废除”之意

abolish：正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。

cancel：用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。Collocation:

utterly abolish

gradually abolish

wage n. wages, a payment made for work done, calculated by the hour, day, or week or by the amount produced, and usu. received daily or weekly （按钟点、按日、按周或按件计酬，通常每日或每周发薪的）工资，薪金，工钱

e.g. 1. The workers have asked for a wage rise of 10%.

2. Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.

他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。

CF: earnings, allowance, income, salary, wage, pay, fee

这些名词都可表示“工资，收入”之意。

earnings：多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。

allowance：指收入中的补贴部分。

salary：指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。

wage：多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。

pay：是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.

fee：指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。

necessity n. [U (of,for)] the condition of being necessary or unavoidable; need [常与of或for连用]（迫切）需要；必要（性）

e.g. 1. The teacher urged on us the necessity of practice.

2. Most women, like men, work from economic necessity.

与男人一样，大部分女人也是出于经济原因而工作。

3. We recognize the necessity for a written agreement.

我们认为有必要签订一份书面协议。

Collocation:

of necessity 无法避免地；必然地

earn a living be paid enough money to live on 谋生

e.g. 1. Earning a living left him little time for photography, which was his chief hobby.

2. He was virtually driven to this, because he could not earn a living in any other way.

他是被迫干这一行的，因为他找不到别的活路。

3. Your education will equip you to earn a good living.

你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活。

voluntary a. (of a person or action) acting or done willingly, without being forced （人或行动）自愿的，志愿的；自动的，自发的

e.g. 1. Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies.

2. The scheme, due to begin next month, will be voluntary.

定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。

3. Some local authorities and voluntary organizations also run workshops for disabled

people.

一些当地机构和志愿组织也为残疾人开设了一些工场。

CF: voluntary, willing

这两个形容词均有“自愿的”之意。

voluntary：使用广泛，侧重不受约束，行动不为其他影响所左右。

willing：着重自愿、令人愉快或急切地去行动。

classify vt. arrange (animals, plants, books, etc) into classes; divide according to class or type 把……分级（分类），把……分为

e.g. 1. Iron is, of course, classified among the metals.

2. Men in the post office classify mail according to places it is to go.

邮局里的人员将信件按寄送地点分类。

3. He carefully began to classify the results of his examinations.

他开始细心地为他的检验结果分类。

CF: organize, arrange, classify, sort

这些动词均含“使有条理，安排”之意。

organize：指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。

arrange：指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行安排。

classify：指按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。

sort：通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。

at a guess without being certain or exact 据推测

e.g. 1. I’d say, at a guess, he’s about 60 years old.

2. At a guess, she owned the house.

我猜，这房子是她的。

3. At a guess I should say we are speeding at fifty miles an hour.