供应链管理—英文课件2

3. Companies must take into account
uncertainty in anticipated market conditions
over the next few years.
Supply Chain Planning
1. The configuration of supply chain is fixed which
1.4 Decision phases in a suppy chain
• Supply Chain Strategy or Design • Supply Chain Planning • Supply Chain Operation
Supply chain decision phases may be categorized as design, planning, or operational, depending on the time frame during which the decisions made apply.
1.1 WHAT IS A SUPPLY CHAIN
• A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly , in fulfilling a customer requeset. • Within each organization, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. • The funtions include but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service.
It should be mention that:
For any supply chain, there is only one source of revenue: the customer.
1.3 The importance of supply chain decisions
• There is a close connection between the design and management of supply chain flows ( product, information, and funds) and the success of a supply chain. 1. Conclude War-Mart's success experience in supply chain management. 2. Conclude Dell's success experience in supply chain management. 3. Conclude the failure experice of Webvan and Kozmo in it's supply chain management.
UNDERSTANDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN This chapter defines a supply chain and establishes the impact that supply chain decisions on a firm ‘s performance.
CHAPTER 1
Question
• What does the approprite design of supply chain depend on?
1.2 The objective of supply chain
• The objective of every supply chain should be to maximize the overall value generated. • The value a supply chain generates is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and costs the supply chain incurs in filling the customer’s request. • For most commercial supply chains, value will be strongly correlated with supply chain surplus. (Q: What is supply chain surplus?)
Customer
Dell’s suppliers
Dell Assembly Plant
Dell’s Web site
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Supplier’s supplier
A purchase online from Dell
Questiones
• Who or which party is an integral part of the supply chain? • What is the primary purpose of any supply chain?
establishes constrains within with planning must be done. 2. Given the constrains, the goal of planning is to maximize the supply chain surplus. 3. Compaines start the planning phase with a forcast for the coming year of demand in different market. 1.Which markets will be supplied from wihich locations 2.The subconstracting of manufacturing 3.The inventory policies to be followed 4. timing and size of marketing and price promotins.
Supply chain stages
• • • • • Customers Retailers Wholesalers/distributors Manufacturers Component/raw material suppliers
Each stage in a supply chain is connected through the flow of products, information, and funds. These flows of occur in both directions and may be managed by one of the stages or an intemediary.
1.Supply chain design decisions are typically made for the long term ( a matter of years) . 2. Supply chain design decisions are very expensive to alter on short notice.
Timber Company
Paper Manufacturer
Tenneco Packaging
P & G or Other Mnaufacturer
Wal-mart or Third Party DC
Wal-mart Store
Customer
Chemical Manufacturer
Plastic Producer
1. Whether to outsource or perform a supply chain function in house
2. The location and capacities of production and warehouseing facilities 3. The products to be manufactured or stored at various locations 4. The modes of transportation to be made available along different shipping legs 5. The type of information system to be utilized
phase.
3. Companies define a set of operatiing
plicies that govern short-term operations.
Supply Chain Operation
1. The time horizon is weekly or daily
2. Compaines make decisions regarding individual customer order. 3. The goal is to handle incoming customer orders in the best possible manner. 1.Allocate inventory or production to individual orders. 2.Set a date that an order is to be filled 3.Geneate pick lists at a warehouse 4. Allocate an order to a particular shipping mode and shipment 5. Set delivery schedules of trucks and palce replenishment orders.
Supply Chain Strategy or Design
1. What the chain's configuration will be 2. How resources will be allocated 3. what processes each stage will perform
1. In the planning phase, companies must include uncertainty in demand, exchange rates, and competition over this time horizon in their decisions.
2. The faorcasts are better than the design
Supply chain surplus ( profitability)
• The ammount by which money received is greater than money spent. • The total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages and intermediary. • The higer the supply chain surplus, the more successful is the supply chain. • Supply chain success should be measured in terms of supply chain profitability and not in terms of the profits at an individual stage.
Stages of a Detergent Supply Chain
A supply chain is dynamic and involves the constant flow of information, product, and funds between different stages. ( Examples of Wal-mart and Dell )
Part I Building a Strategic Framework to Analyze Supply Chains
Chapter 1, chapter 2 and chapter 3
The goal of part I is to provide a strategic framework to analyze the design, planning and operational decisions within supply chains.