平行结构

• I’ve got neither the time nor the money to go on holiday. • We can leave either today or tomorrow. • He is either Spanish or Italian.
平行结构的作用
1. 表示选择。 2. 举例
I prefer a college to a job. I prefer staying in college to finding a job.
I prefer to stay in college rather than find a job.
would rather do… than do…
什么是平行结构 • 词的平行 • 短语的平行 • 从句的平行 • 句子的平行
1. 词性的一致。 2. 时态的一致 。即谓语动词一致 3. 形式的一致。即在语法上要尽量保 持一致。 侧重于平行结构的修辞功 能。
词的平行
• Churches, schools, hospitals, or prisons are all institutions. • He can't read or write. • He came home sadder but wiser.
• as well as • conj. 和
• He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
• He is a friend in need as well as in deed.
• He succeeded because he was industrious as well as because he had many friends to help him.
复合的并列连词 • both … and • neither … nor • either … or
• Both Tim and Carol are on holiday. • The film is both boring and long. • George neither smokes nor drinks.
not …but
• He goes to school not by bus, but on foot.
Not only… but also
• She is not only good at mathematics, but also she is interested in English. • They not only talked but also shouted and laughed. • She not only plays well, but also writes music.
句子的平行
• 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔 记使人准确。 • Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
句子的并列 Should scientists go into research, or should they teach, or should they work in industry.
表示并列和选择的连词
and, or, as well as, not … but,
not only… but also
and, or
• Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table.
• You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
• 我宁愿打车去也不愿意走路。 • I would rather take a taxi than walk.
Would sooner do … than do
• 宁愿快点去百度文库某事, 也不愿意去干另一件事。
• 她宁愿赶快辞职，也不愿意参与这 不光彩的生意。 • She would sooner resign than take part in the dishonest business.
rather than
• 而不是 • She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
• We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
用平行结构表示举例 including such like
1. 表示选择的常用词或词组 • prefer • would rather do … than do… • would sooner do … than do… • rather than
prefer
1. prefer sth. to sth. 2. prefer doing to doing 3. prefer to do rather than do
介词短语的平行
• 这个属于人民的，由人民管理的， 为人民的政府不应该消失。 • The government of the people, by the people, and for the people, should not perish from the earth.
从句的平行
• Although the car was highly rated and although the car was guaranteed, the engineer found many faults.
Including, like, such as
• The complete equipment of a medical institution includes books, medicine supplies, and instruments.
• 医疗机构的全套配备，包括图书， 药品和器械。
• I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom.