英语中的主动句被动句

主动句和被动句

大多数“主－动－宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。规则如下：

（1）将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。例如：This factory produces machine tools.→Machine tools are produced in this factory.

The found a wallet in the car.→A wallet was found in the car.

They are repairing the bridge.→The bridge is being repaired.

They have repaired the bridge.→The bridge has been repaired.

They often make fun of her.→She is often made fun of.

He took great care of his books.→His books were taken great care of.

→Great care was taken of his books.

（2）如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。例如：

They should do this right now.→This should be done right now.

They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.→The applicants may be being interviewed at the moment.

They must have finished their work.→Their work must have been finished

He is likely to let you down.→You are likely to be let down.

（3）当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by-词组中表达出来。如：A boy found this wallet in the street.→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.

（4）当主动句是一个“主－动－宾－宾”结构时，可有两种形式。例如：

Father gave me a toy yesterday.→I was given a toy yesterday.

→A toy was given to me yesterday.

（5）当主动句是一个“主－动－宾－补”结构时，可将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，来的宾语补语变为被动句里的主语补语。例如：

They named the boy Tom.→The boy was named Tom.

We painted the wall pink.→The wall was painted pink.

三、某些不用被动态的用法

在英语里，有些表达只能用主动态。例如：

The door won’t lock. 门锁不上。

The cloth washes well. 这布料很耐洗。

The drawer won’t open. 这抽屉打不开。

His novel sells well. 他的小说销路很好。

This paper tears easily. 这纸一撕就破。

1.He isn＇t allowed to study with friends by his parents.

(主动句中主语是他的父母.谓语是允许Allow.直接宾语是他.间接宾语是不定式短语to+.因此被动语态应该是他得不到去跟朋友一起学习的许可)

2.I＇m allowed to go to the movies on Friday night.

(主动句中主语是They.谓语是allow.直接宾语是我.间接宾语是不定式短语)

3.She wasn＇t allowed to get ears pierced by her mother.

4.The mistakes should be corrected by the students.

(主动句主语为students.谓语为should correct.宾语为their mistakes)

怎样把主动句变为被动句

把主动语态变为被动语态，在学英语过程中是较为重要的语法项目。做这种练习时，有的人顾此失彼，常犯这样那样的错误。下面谈一些解题方法和值得注意的问题。

要掌握被动语态的构成方法：“be的变化形式+动词过去分词”，其中be表示各种时态，过去分词表示被动意义。被动语态常用的时态有：一般现在时（如I am told），一般过去式（如I was told），一般将来时（如I shall betold），现在完成式（如I have been told），过去完成式（如I shall been told），现在进行式（如I am being told），过去进行式（如I was being told）等。

一）主动语态变为被动语态，要把主动语态句中的宾语为为被动语态句中的主语；主动句中的主语在被动句中作介词“by”的宾语，构成由“by”引起的短语（这个短语在不强调施动者时可以省略）；主动句中的主语也可作其他介词（如“in”）的宾语，构成地点状语。例如：

主动句：My father wrote the book．我父亲写了这本书。

被动句：The book was written by myfather．这本书是我父亲写的

主动句：Our village has built a plasticfactory．我们村已经建了一座塑料厂。

被动句：A plastic factory has been builtin our village．一座塑料厂在我们村建成了。

（二）如果主动语态句中有直接宾语和间接宾语，变为被动语态时，有两种变化：把指人的间接宾语作被动句中的主语，并将此宾格人称代词变为主格人称代词，而指物的直接宾语保留不变；或将指物的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语，间接宾语保留不变。如果间接宾语作保留宾语，其前可用介词to。例如：

主动句：He gave me a dictionary．他给了我一本词典。

被动句：I was given a dictionary by him．

被动句：A dictionary was given（to）me by him．词典是他给我的。

主动句：He teaches us English．他教我们英语。

被动句：We are taught English by him．

被动句：English is taught（to）us by him．英语是他教我们的。

（三）如果主动语态句中的宾语是人称代词宾格，宾格补语是一个名词的话，变为被动语态时，应把宾语改作主动句的主语，而宾语补语保留不变。例如：

主动句：We made him our group leader．我们让他当了我们组长。

被动句：He was made our group leader．他被选为我们的组长。

主动句：They chose Mr．Li their doctor in 1987．1987年他们选李先生当他的医生。

被动句：Mr．Li was chosen their doctor in 1987．1987年李先生被选为他们的医生。（四）带有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，复合宾语的一部分（宾语）成为主语，剩下的部分（宾语补语）就成为主语补语，它们多为不定式、分词，也可以是名词和形容词。在see，make，feel，watch，hear，notice，help，have等动词后的复合宾语中，如果宾语补语是动词不定式，则不定式to须省略。但在被动句中作主语补语的不定式必须有to。例如：主动句：We saw him enter the classroom．我们看见他进了教室。

被动句：He was seen to enter the classroom．他被看见走进了教室。

主动句：He made the boy sit down．他使那孩子坐下。

被动句：The boy was made to sit down．那孩子被迫坐下。

五）带介词或副词的短语动词（如look after，put on，pay attention to）用作被动式谓语时，它们原来所带的介词或副词应保留下来。例如：

主动句：She often looks after thechildren．她常照顾孩子。