安全工程专业英语

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安全工程专业英语汉译英1-8

Unit One安全管理safety management 事故致因accident causation 不安全行为unsafe acts不安全状态unsafe conditions企业安全文化corporate safety culture安全政策safety policyUnit Two系统安全工程system safety engineering 危险辩识hazard identification/identified危险控制hazard control 安全评价safety evaluation危险分析hazard analysis安全准则safety criteria Unit Three安全人机工程safety ergonomics 工作效率work efficiency工作压力job stressors伤害率injury rate人机过程ergonomics process职业伤残work injuryUnit Four工伤保险injury insurance 人因失误human error风险评估risk assessment人机系统ergonomics system工业事故industrial system事故类型accident types Unit Five职业安全健康occupational health and safety职业安全健康管理体系occupational health and safety management system危险源分析hazard analysis 事故分析accident analysis风险管理risk management职业伤害occupational injury Unit Six工业卫生industrial hygiene 物理危害physical hazards 化学危害chemical hazards非电离辐射non-ionizing radiation生物危害biological hazards职业病occupational diseaseUnit Seven安全文化safety culture企业文化corporate culture 高危行业high-risk industry事故率accident rate应急预案emergency plan安全评审safety review Unit Eight安全激励safety motivation 自我激励self-motivation个人需求individual demand 社会需求social needs安全氛围safety atmosphere 生理需求physiological needs。

资料：《安全工程专业英语》

Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。

安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)

Seniority资历、工龄
Local culture当地文化
Absenteeism rate缺勤率
Power relations权力关系
Status review状态审查
Lower-level management低层管理者
Business performance组织绩效
Most senior executive高级主管
Human errors人因失误
Accident-proneness models事故倾向模型
Munitions factory军工厂
Causal factors起因
Risking taking冒险行为
Corporate culture企业文化
Loss prevention损失预防
Process industry制造工业
unit2systemsafetyengineeringsystemsafetyengineering系统安全工程byproduct附带产生的结果engineeringpractice工程实践safetyproblem安全问题acceleratingtechnology快速发展的技术safetyeffort安全投入systemslifecycle系统的生命周期systemeffectiveness系统有效性logicalreasoning逻辑推理potentialaccident潜在事故accidentcause事故原因logicalprogramming合理的规划systemhazard系统危害safetyinput安全投入inherentlysafesystem本质安全系统scheduledelays进度拖延conceptphase初步计划阶段safetycriteria安全标准governmentregulations政府管制systemoperation系统运行systemanalysis系统分析systemdesign系统设计aidin有助于equipmentspecifications设备说明maintenanceplans维护计划safetyproblems安全问题developmentphase发展阶段operationphase运行阶段performancereviews绩效评估disposalphase处理阶段intuitiveprocess直觉过程makedecisions做决定hazardcontrol危险控制protectiveapparel防护服engineeringsolutions工程方法手段protectivedevices保护装置warningdevices报警装置incorrectinterpretation误解hazardousmaterial危险物质workarealayout工业区布局educationalsolutions教育方法手段trainingsessions培训会议safetypromotionprograms安全促进项目administrativesolutions行政方法手段personnelselection人员选择safetyshoes安全鞋safetybelt安全带safetyglasses防护眼镜accidentprevention事故预防tech

安全工程专业英语

区别于其他文体的标志。例如It---that---结构句型；被动态结构句型；分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。
It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more
easily than a dry one .
显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。
form of energy.
直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。
Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light . 电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。（省略句型） In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air . 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。
科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。因为科技文章侧重叙事推
理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。
此外，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被
动态的主要原因。
常用句型
科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体
五、常用句型
Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。
An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its
inertia. 物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。
Safety management 安全管理学 Safety principle 安全学原理

资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》

Unit 1 safety man ageme nt system Accide nt causatio n models 事故致因理论Safety man ageme nt 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machi ne guard机械保护装置ingHouse-keep ing 工作场所管理Top man ageme高层管理人员ntHuma n errors 人因失误Accide nt-pro nen ess models 事故倾向模型Mun iti ons factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risk ing tak ing 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss preve nti on 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard con trol 危险控制Inten sive study 广泛研究Organi zati onal performa nee 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Shop-floor 生产区Seni ority资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Abse nteeism rate 缺勤率Power relatio ns 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level man ageme nt 低层管理者Busin ess performa nee 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety prin eiple 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Impleme nt pla n 执行计戈UHazard ide ntificati on 危险辨识Safety performa nee 安全性能译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。

安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译

安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。

2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。

3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。

介绍安全工程专业的英语作文

介绍安全工程专业的英语作文Introduction to Safety EngineeringSafety engineering is a highly specialized field that focuses on preventing accidents, injuries, and illnesses in various industrial and societal settings. This discipline is paramount in ensuring the well-being of workers, the protection of assets, and the maintenance of environmental safety.The core of safety engineering lies in the identification, analysis, and mitigation of potential hazards. Engineers in this field are trained to conduct thorough risk assessments, evaluate the safety of equipment and processes, and develop strategies to reduce the likelihood of accidents. They work closely with other professionals, such as industrial hygienists and safety managers, to create comprehensive safety plans that address both the immediate and long-term risks.The scope of safety engineering is vast, encompassing areas like mechanical safety, electrical safety, fire protection, and occupational health. Engineers in this field must have a strong understanding of physics, chemistry, and biology, as well as knowledge of relevant regulations and standards. They must also be able to communicate effectively with a diverse range of stakeholders, from frontline workers to corporate executives.The importance of safety engineering cannot be overstated. In today's world, where industrial accidents and environmental disasters can have devastating consequences, having a skilled safety engineer on the team is crucial. These professionals play a vital role in preventing disasters before they occur, ensuring that workplaces and communities are safe and healthy environments for everyone.Moreover, with the increasing focus on sustainability and environmental protection, safety engineering is becoming even more relevant. Engineers in this field are at the forefront of developing innovative solutions to reduce the environmental impact of industrial activities, while ensuring the safety of workers and the community.In conclusion, safety engineering is a crucial field that plays a vital role in protecting people, property, and the environment. It requires a unique combination of technical knowledge, problem-solving skills, and communication abilities. For those passionate about making a difference in workplace safety and environmental protection, a career in safety engineering offers an exciting and rewarding path.安全工程专业介绍安全工程是一个高度专业化的领域，专注于预防工业和社会环境中可能发生的事故、伤害和疾病。

安全工程专业英语教材

安全技术及工程专业英语ContentSection one (1)Mine ventilation (1)Section two (6)Methane and its control (6)Section three (17)Mine fires (17)Section four (21)Accident prevention principles (21)Section five (24)Hazard Identification (24)Section six (29)Accident Investigations (29)Section seven (34)Accident Analysis in Mine Industry (34)Section oneMine ventilationThe two purposes of mine ventilation are: (1) to answer the requirements of the law in regard to supplying a stated quantity of fresh air per minute to each man in the mine, and to dilute render harmless, and sweep away dangerous gases. In coal mines the quantity of fresh air prescribed is generally from 100 to 150cu.ft/min/man in the mine. Some mining regulation specify a maximum limit to the quantity of methane permitted in the return air of coal mines, and some limit the amount of carbon dioxide permissible in the mine air. (2) to make working conditions more comfortable for miners. If conditions of humidity and air temperature are favourable, a decide cooling effect on the men is secured by giving the proper velocity to the an current, and the efficiency of the miners is increased. Dust and fumes from explosives are also removed.Natural and artificial ventilationPress differences required to cause air flow, may be produced by natural or mechanical forces. Flow caused by unequal densities or weights of air columns in or near the openings (due mainly to temperature differences) is “natural-draft” flow, and resulting pressure-differences are “natural draft pressure”. The relatively feeble currents forming complete flow-circuits in undivided single openings, also due to equal densities, are separately termed” convection currents ”. Many metal mines and some small coal mines are ventilated by natural draft alone, which also acts in conjunction with fan pressure in mechanically-ventilated mines; Where its importance largely depends on depth of workings and mine resistance.The effect of natural conditions in creating a circulation of air in a mine is illustrated in Fig 1. It will be assumed that the temperature of the air current at any point in the mine is T1, and the outside temperature is T2. The column of air whose weight tends to produce circulation is H1 for the main shaft, and H2 for the air shaft. H2being composed of two sections, namely H a+H m. The direction in which the air will circulate and the pressure producing circulation may be derived by calculating.The difference between the weights of the two columns is the pressure in pounds per square foot that produces circulation of the air, and the direction of flow will be toward the column of lesser weight as indicated by the arrows in the figure.In mines where the natural ventilation pressure is inadequate to supply the necessary air, fans are used. However, the effect of natural ventilation on the performance of the fan is important. Owing to the change in temperature from summer to winter conditions, natural ventilation may reverse its direction; in one case it assists the fan, in the other case it opposes it.V entilation of coal mines is nowadays almost universally effected by use of the fans, of which there are many types. Such fans may either exhaust the air from the upcast shaft or blow or force the air down the downcast shaft. With few exceptions, exhausting fans at the top of the up-cast shaft are used in modern mines.Fig.1 Natural ventilationAlthough many types of fans are used for mine ventilation, they fall into two classes, viz, the centrifugal or wheel-type fan and the axial-flow or propeller type fan.During recent year the centrifugal fan has found a rival in the axial-flow or propeller-type fan, which is now being used in increasing numbers to such an extent that it is largely replacing the centrifugal fan for mine ventilation.The action of the axial-flow fan differs from that the centrifugal fan in that the air passes axially alone the fan instead of being discharged from the circumference of the fan by centrifugal force. The fan consists essentially of one or more rotors (some- what similar to aeroplane propellers; in the first axial-flow mine fans that rotors wereactually aeroplane propellers). There rotors carry blades and rotate at a high speed within a circular casing which the air enters at one end and is discharged at the other end. The number of rotors or stages depend upon the pressure to be produced, and mine fans may have anything from one to four stages, with the equivalent number of rotors mounted on the same shaft.Although apparently simple in construction and operation, this type of fan calls for a high degree of skill in the design and arrangement of the blades. With the axial-flow fan it is possible to vary the performance by increasing its speed, by increasing the number of stages or rotors, and by altering the pitch or inclination of the blades, and these alterations can be made over fairly wide limits without seriously reducing the efficiency at which the fan works.Underground fansFans are used underground mainly for two purpose, viz, as boosters for assisting the main fan, and as auxiliary fans for the ventilation of headings and blind ends.The use of booster fans underground is confined to cases where the workings have extended to such great distances from the pit-bottom that the surface fan is incapable of circulating the quantity of air necessary for the ventilation of these remote workings and where it would be necessary either to install a larger and additional airways to allow adequate ventilation.Such fans are usually installed in the return airways, but when electrically driven the driven the driving motor must be supplied with fresh of intake air.The distribution of mine ventilationThe present-day practice is to split the air near the bottom of the downcast shaft into several intake airways, each of which serves a certain area of the workings or district of the mine. Similarly, separate returns are provided for the several working areas or districts near the upcast pit-bottom.Splitting the air in this way is essential if the large volumes of air required in modern mines are to be provided, and in addition it offers many advantages, the chief of which are:1.Each district is supplied with fresh air.2.A much large quantity of air circulates in the mine, due to lower resistance by multiple circuits or roadways.3.There is less risk of accumulation of gas.4.In the event of trouble in a district or an explosion, the trouble or damage is more likely to be confined to the particular district in which it occurs and less likely to affect the whole mine.5.The velocity of the air currents in the intakes, returns and workings is lower, and the ventilating pressure required for a given total quantity of air is reduced, with consequent economy in power consumption.Left to its own devices, the air would simply pass down the downcast and take the nearest way to the upcast shaft, leaving the rest of the mine unventilated. To prevent this and ensure the proper distribution of the air throughout the mine, various devices are employed.Stoppings. As the mine workings advace, various connections between the intake and return airways must be sealed, as must also be abandoned roadways in order to prevent air leaking and circulating in areas where it is no longer required. It is required that any road connecting an intake and a return airway which has ceased to be required for the working of the mine shall be effectively sealed forthwith. For this purpose stoppings are constructed to confine the air along the desired course. These stoppings are built from floor to roof and from side to side of the roadways, and are constructed in many ways.In important position they may be built of masonry or concrete, while at other times they may consist merely of debris packed in the roadway to a sufficient thickness to prevent the passage of air.Doors. It is frequently necessary to prevent the passage of air along roadways which must, however, be available for persons or materials to pass. In these cases ventilation doors are employed. Not less than two doors are usually inserted, so that one can remain shut at all times to prevent short-circuiting of the air which would happen if a single door was used. In important situations near the pit-bottom and between main intakes and returns, it is customary to erect three or more door, and inup-to-date mines these are sometimes constructed of steel plates with rubber beading around the edges to reduce leakage to a minimum. In other situations strong wooden doors with door frames built in brickwork surrounds are employed.Sheets. Near the working faces, where the ventilating pressure is small and the ground is unsettled, sheets are sometimes employed as substitutes for doors to divert the air current. These consist of long brattice cloth or sacking, made windproof and usually fireproof, hung from roof to floor, and nailed to a piece of timber, often a roof bar. They can thus be lifted or pushed out of position for men or tubs to pass. The use of sheets is not recommended in position where it is possible to insert doors, as they are far from leakproof and are easily deranged, when they allow the air to short-circuit and rob the working places of ventilation.Air crossings. To ensure the supply of air to all parts of the mine, if frequently becomes necessary that an intake airway and a return airway shall cross each other. In such cases an air-tight bridge, called an air crossing, overcast or cross over has to be constructed.Regulators. In order to obtain the desired distribution of air between the various districts, it is usually necessary to restrict the amount of air flowing into certain districts which offer a low resistance to air flow. This is effected by the use of regulators. It is obvious that without regulators large volumes of air would tend to flow in the splits of low resistance, leaving only small quantities for the remote workings which offer a high resistance.A regulator usually consists of a small sliding door or adjustable shutter set in an ordinary ventilating door.Section twoMethane and its controlMethane and respirable dust are the two common problems encountered in underground coal mining. They are more severe in modern longwall mining because of high production.Methane and its drainageOnce the air enters the mine shaft, its composition changes and becomes mine air. most notably, the dust and hazardous gases will increase and dilute the concentration of oxygen. In addition, the air temperature, humidity, and pressure will all change. When those changes occur slightly, the mine air, which is not significantly different from the atmospheric air, is called fresh air. This usually refers to the air before passing through the working faces. After passing through working face or gob it is called the return air.In general, mine gas refers to all the hazardous gases in mines. The most frequently encountered hazardous in underground coal mines are methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon monoxide(CO), sulphur dioxide(SO2), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and hydrogen(H2).Methane or marsh gas, by miners it is termed firedamp or simply “gas”, is the major component of the hazardous gases in underground coal mines. It occupies approximately 80~96% by volume. Thus normally when one speaks of mine gas, one means methane. It is colorless and odorless; its diffusivity is about 1.6 times that of air. Since it has a low specific gravity (0.554), methane is easily accumulated near the roof of the roadway and working faces. Though it is harmless to breathe in small quantities, it is suffocating if its concentration is very high.The most dangerous problem with methane is the potential of methane explosion. It will be ignited when its concentration is between 5 and 16% ( 9.5% is the most dangerous ) and the air temperature is from 1.200 to 1.3820F ( 650~7500C). Some coal seams and rock strata contain large amounts of methane, and under high pressure, the coal and gas will burst out suddenly and simultaneously. Obviously, certainappropriate measures must be employed to extract methane from these coal seams in advance.The amount of methane emission in an underground coal mine can be expressed either by the absolute amount or the relative amount of emission. The absolute amount of emission is the absolute amount of emission per unit time in the whole mine. Its volumetric unit will be ft 3/day (m 3/day) or ft 3/min (m 3/min). However, the relative amount of emission is the average amount of emission per ton coal produced within a certain period of time, ft 3/ton (m 3/ton).During a normal production period the methane concentration is diluted to below the lowest limit allowed by law mainly adjusting the volume of the ventilated air. The required volume of air in a working face can be determined by k c Q Q gasair =;where Q air is the required fresh air volume in ft 3/min (m 3/min). C is the maximum allowable limit of methane concentration in the return air, generally 1~1.5%. The allowable limit of methane concentration varies from country to country. For instance, the limit in China is 1%; Holland 1.5% up to 2% in some area; West Germany 1~1.5%; France 1.5~2% for some faces with monitoring instrument; and in the U.S. 1~2%. K is the nonuniform coefficient of gas emission, generally 1.5.Following the recent rapid development in longwall machinery, the longwall productivity has improved greatly while the coal produced is much smaller in size. These two events increase the amount of methane emission tremendously and consequently require a much larger volume of ventilated air. For example, in the United States the fresh air required at the longwall face is from 1.800 to 50.000 ft 3/min (510~1.417m 3/min).Most of the methane produced during coalification and metamorphism escapes to the atmosphere through fissures in the strata. A small part stays in the fissures in the surrounding strata and still another small part remains in the coal. The methane stays in the coal or the fissures in the surrounding strata either in free or adsorbed state. The free methane moves freely in the coal or the fissures and fractures in the strata, whereas the gas molecules in the adsorbed methane tightly adhere to the surface of theinterior fissure or the interior of coal particles. Under certain conditions, the free and adsorbed states are in equilibrium. As the pressure, temperature, and mining conditions change, the equilibrium will be destroyed. When the pressure is increased or the temperature is decreased, some parts of the free methane will become adsorbed. Conversely, some of the adsorbed methane will be released to become free methane. During mining operation the coal seams and the surrounding strata are subjected to continuous fracturing, which increases the passageways for the methane and destroys the equilibrium between the free and adsorbed methane that exists under natural conditions. As a result, some of the adsorbed methane will be freed. Thus under normal conditions, as mining progresses, the methane in the coal and the surrounding strata will be released continuously and uniformly. This is the basic form of methane emission. Only methane in the free gas state can flow into mine workings.Methane content of seam and surrounding strata is the most important factor controlling the amount of methane to be emitted. If the seam contains a large amount of methane, it will emit more methane during mining. In addition, methane content in the coal seam and the surrounding strata also depends on the seam depth and geological conditions. Generally methane content in creases with seam depth. If the seam is close to the surface, especially if there are outcrops, methane will escape to the atmosphere and consequently methane content will be lower. The seam inclination is also a controlling factor. Since flowing along the bedding planes is much easier than flowing perpendicular to them, the larger the seam inclination, the more the methane escapes. If the surrounding strata are thick and tight in structure, the methane will more likely remain in the strata. Conversely, if the fissures are well developed in the strata, the methane will escape easily.If the seam being mined has a high methane content, the mining method employed should be those that extract with high recovery and leaves as leaves as little coal in the gob possible. In this respect, longwall mining is the most suitable.During coal cutting the amount of methane emission increases sharply. However, different methods of coal cutting produce different amounts of methane emission. It depends mainly on the amount of coal cut loose, the size of the newly exposed coalface, and the size of the broken coal, For example, if air picks are used, the amount of methane emission increases 1.1~1.3 times; 1.4~2.0 times for blasting;1.3~1.6 times for shearer cutting; and 2.0~4.0 times for hydraulic jetting. This is why coal seams with high methane content are not suitable for hydraulic mining. In modern longwall faces, the shearer cuts rapidly, resulting in high production. Consequently the amount of methane emission is large. It will be necessary to strengthen ventilation in order to reduce the methane concentration.If longwall mining with the full-caving method is used, the methane originally stored in the roof strata and adjacent seams will be released and will flow into the normal ventilation networks. This is especially true during the periodic roof weighting when the main roof acts vigorously and caves in large areas. It may also reactivate the static air accumulated in the gob and flow into the face area and the tailentry. If the sealing method is used, the gob must be kept sealed tightly, because in a sealed gob, the methane accumulated may reach as high as 60~70% in the static air. The methane-rich static air should not be allowed to leak into the normal ventilation networks If, on the other hand, the open gob is employed, the gob must be ventilated adequately to reduce the potential of accumulating high concentrations of methane in certain areas.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 1There are three requirements methane explosion: a minimum concentration of methane and of oxygen and a suitable heat source. The min. concentration, 5％，is the lower explosion limit, and 15% is the upper limit. If below 5%, it forms a bluish stable combustion layer around the flame without initiating explosion. If larger than 5%, there is insufficient amount of oxygen to promote the chemical reactions leading to explosion. When the methane content in fresh air 9.5%, once it encounters a heat source of sufficient temperature, the whole amount of methane and oxygen will participate in the chemical reactions.It must be noted, however, that as the oxygen content in the air decreases, the lower explosion limit will slowly increase while the upper explosion limit will drop sharply. When the oxygen content is decreased to 12%, the methane-air mixture will not be ignited. If the gob is sealed, there will be considerable accumulation of methane. But it will not be ignited even if there were spontaneous combustion in theremanent coal. This is due to the fact that in the sealed gob, there is insufficient amount of oxygen in the air.The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature for igniting a methane explosion and generally ranges from 1,202 to 1,292 F(650~700℃). There are many underground heat sources that can ignite a methane explosion. These include any exposed fires, spontaneous coal combustions, electric arcings, high temperature gases from blastings, every hot metal surfaces and sparks due to impact and friction. However, once the methane-oxygen mixture encounters the heat source it requires a minimum reaction time before explosion. Although the reaction time is extremely short(Table),it is very important for mining operations. Therefore, when using permissible explosives, as long as the shot-firing is properly implemented, the methane will not be ignited.In underground coal mines , methane explosion can occur in any place, however, most of them occur at the working faces where methane emission is the largest. Based on the factors contributing to methane explosion, the most effective methods for preventing methane explosion are to reduce the accumulation of methane and to eliminate high-temperature heat sources.The areas where methane is likely to accumulate are the gob, working faces at the development entries, gob-side tailentry T-junction, near cutting drums off the shearer, and in the roof fall cavities.It is very likely that methane accumulates to high concentration in the gob. In the United States the gobs are ventilated to prevent methane accumulation and to reduce the temperature. In most other countries the gobs are tightly sealed that itcompletely cuts off any fresh air flowing into the gob or prevents high-concentration methane air flowing out of the gob. In any event, if amount of methane emission is large, some methods of methane drainage directly from the gob to the surface are necessary. The withdrawn methane can be used as a fuel or as a raw material for chemical by-products.Frequently at the working faces of the development entries. due to insufficient air volume and speed, the methane cannot be effectively diluted and/or swept away. The methane concentration may reach a critical level. Since the specific gravity of methane is very small, it tends to accumulate near the roof line and forms a methane layer, sometimes up to 8~12 in (200~300mm) thick. It can be diluted or swept away by directing air flowing at 1.64~3.28ft/ sec(0.5~1m/sec). If necessary, a guide board or pipe, or perforated compressive air pipe may be installed along the roof line to dilute the methane layer.To increase the air volume and air speed is an effective method for diluting the methane concentration in the entries. But if the methane emission is very heavy, other supplementary measures are necessary. These include; (1) natural drainage-in this method, several entries are driven alternately. The methane will drain itself during the period of alternate stoppage; (2) drain as advance-in this method, holes are drilled on either one or both ribs approximately 49~66ft(15－20m) outby from the face. Each hole is connected to the drainage pipe out; (3) holes are drilled ahead of the face and the methane is drained for a period of time before the face is advanced.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 2The tailentry corner is the major area where high-concentration methane accumulates. This is due to the facts that, first, it serves as the major exit for the high-concentration methane in the gob, and second, when the fresh air reaches the tailentry T-junction it has to make a 90°turn which results in a turbulent air flow in the tailentry corner. Consequently, the methane accumulated in this area cannot be carried away. Several methods can be employed to eliminate the problems:1. If the methane emission is heavier, some drainage methods are necessary in the tailentry corner (Fig.2).A steel pipe 150~300ft (46~92m)long is installed long the tailentry. The gob end of the pipe extends through the curtain separating the tailentryfrom the tailentry corner. The methane accumulated in the corner will flow out through the pipe due to air pressure differentials. If the air pressure differential is too small, the drainage efficiency can be increased by installing a high-pressure water pipe or a compressed-air pipe alongside the steel pipe with nozzles at predetermined intervals connecting the two pipes.Fig 2 Method of draining methane accumulated at the tailentry corner if the methaneemission is medium high2. When the methane emission is larger than 176~212ft3/min(5-6m3/min), some special measures of methane drainage must be employed.If the coal seam has a high methane content, methane emission under high production by longwall mining will be very high. In such cases, it would be rather difficult and uneconomical to dilute the methane by increasing ventilation alone. Therefore, methane drainage must be considered. Methane drainage involves drilling boreholes into the solid coal, the roof and sometimes the floor. The methane contained in the coal or rock within a radius of up to 200ft(60m), depending on the permeability, will flow into the boreholes from which the methane is vacuum-pumped, viapipelines, to the surface.In the United states, the most common method for methane drainage in longwall mining is by surface boreholes. Before the retreat mining begins, one to three surface boreholes, depending on the panel length, are sunk along the centerline of the panel.Each borehole is sunk to a depth near the roof of the coal seam. The first borehole is usually located approximately 500ft（155m）from the panel setup room.Methane begins to emit from the borehole when the longwall face reaches to a few meters within the borehole. The initial methane flow rate is high but erratic. It becomes stabilized after nearly 60 days. It is not uncommon that using this method the total methane flow reaches 1,000,000ft3/day and the methane emission from the gob is reduced by more than 50%.Another gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel where methane emission of up to 3,000ft3/ min ( 85m3/min ) per ton of coal is liberated, is shown in Fig.3-in(10-cm) holes are drilled into the roof from the return entry at an angle of 60°for about 90 ft deep and at 75-90 ft ( 23-27m ) intervals. Bottom holes are also drilled at an angle to stay under and ahead of the faceline. All holes are fitted with 4-in (10-cm) pipe and packed. The methane is vacuum-pumped to the surface and released into the atomosphere. This method can also be applied to retreat longwall panels with multiple entries, except that the holes will have to be drilled from the second entry.3. Water Infusion Water infusion involves drilling in seam horizontal holes into the solid coal ahead of mining. High pressure water from 300 to 1,500 psi is injected into the boreholes. The high-pressure water moves away in a cylindrical water front. As the water moves away from the borehole, the methane is also driven away. In order to prevent water leakage and to increase the infusion zone, hole is generally either grouted or sealed with packers at 5 ft (1.5m) intervals. In general the infusion zone is approximate twice the length of the grouted portion of the hole. Therefore, with proper orientation and spacing of boreholes, the advancing water fronts can be merged to form a complete seal which in effect prevents the methane from being emitted into the coal face. In addition, water infusion tends to wet the coal before it is broken by the cutting machine. This is a very effective way of reducing the respirable dust level.Fig.2 Gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel Fig.3 A shows a longwall retreating panel using one hole for water infusion. The panel width is 500ft (152m). The infusion hole is 275 ft (84m) long. A plastic pipe 255 ft (78m) long is inserted into the hole, with the outer 225 ft (69m) grouted. This leaves a 50-ft (15-m) open section at the bottom of the hole for water infusion. With this arrangement the infusion zone can cover the whole face width. The infusion holes along the panel length direction should be spaced at less than 400 ft(122m) so that the infusion zones will merge to from a complete seal.Alternatively, two short holes, one from each side of the panel, can be drilled for water infusion in order to avoid the difficulties associated with long horizontal-hole drilling (Fig.4).。

安全工程专业英语词汇汇总表

安全工程专业英语单词汇总表sophis cated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的hygiene n. 卫生；卫生学；保健法physiology n. 生理学；生理机能supers on n. 迷信exper se n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见furnish to 向（某人）提供incen ve n. 动机；刺激revert to 回复；归还catastrophic adj. 灾难的；悲惨的hydraulic adj. 液压的；水利的；水力学的ﬂawed adj. 有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的mi gate vt. 使缓和；使减轻veriﬁca on n. 确认，查证；核实abstrac on n. 抽象arbitrary adj. 任意的random event 随机事件aerospace n. 航空，宇宙航行空间me-to-market n. 上市时间self-evident adj. 不言而喻的；不证自明的in the context of 在……情况下；在……背景下surveillance n. 监督；监视compensa on n. 不长；报仇；赔偿金elevate vt. 提升non-fatal 非致命的pedestrian n. 行人；步行者ingress n. 入口egress n. 出口impetus n. 动力；促进；冲力embedding v. 植入；埋藏（embed的ing形式）collabora on n. 合作no ﬁca on n. 通知；通告；告示snapshot n. 快照subtle adj. 微妙的；敏感的versus prep. 对；与……相对harsh adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的insula ng adj. 绝缘的；隔热的alterna ng current 交流电insula on n. 绝缘fuse n. 保险丝conductor n. 导体in accordance with 依照；与……一致by way of 经由；当作deteriora on n. 恶化；退化；堕落恶化；退化；堕落pit n. 矿井；深坑矿井；深坑traps n. 油（气）阱油（气）阱air circula on 空气循环；空气环流空气循环；空气环流atmospheric contaminants 大气污染物大气污染物explosive limits 爆炸极限爆炸极限toxic limits 毒性限度毒性限度gas detec on instrument 气体检测器气体检测器respiratory adj. 呼吸的呼吸的inadvertently adv. 非故意地；不注意地非故意地；不注意地remedial work 补救工作补救工作accident n. 事故事故accident causa on model 事故致因模型事故致因模型acid n. 酸air condi oned buildings 空气调节的建筑空气调节的建筑awareness training 意识培训意识培训building code 建筑标准建筑标准cause 原因原因coal mine 煤矿煤矿conﬁned space 密闭空间密闭空间conven on 公约公约cri cal event 关键事件关键事件dust 粉尘粉尘electrical conductor 电导体电导体event tree analysis 事件树分析事件树分析fatality 死亡死亡fault 故障故障hazard report form 危险报告表危险报告表occupa onal hygienist 职业卫生学者职业卫生学者occupa onal safety and health act，OSH Act 职业健康安全法职业健康安全法 psychologist 心理学者心理学者toxic 有毒的有毒的worker`s compensa on Act 工人赔偿保险工人赔偿保险worker`s compensa on law工人赔偿法律工人赔偿法律。

安全工程专业英语词汇 (一)

安全工程专业英语词汇 (一)本文将为大家介绍一些关于安全工程专业的英语词汇。

安全工程是涉及建筑、矿山、交通运输、石油化工、海洋等领域的专业技术，包括安全管理、安全技术、安全控制等方面的内容。

以下内容为大家详细说明安全工程专业中常用的英语词汇。

一、安全管理1. Safety management 安全管理2. Safety regulation 安全规定3. Safety supervision 安全监管4. Safety education 安全教育5. Safety training 安全培训6. Emergency management 应急管理7. Risk assessment 风险评估8. Accident investigation 事故调查二、安全技术1. Safety engineering 安全工程2. Safety inspection 安全检查3. Fire protection 火灾防护4. Explosion prevention 爆炸预防5. Electrical safety 电气安全6. Environmental safety 环境安全7. Machine safety 机器安全8. Radiation protection 辐射防护9. Personal protective equipment (PPE) 个人防护装备三、安全控制1. Hazard control 危险控制2. Lockout/tagout 断电锁定/标记3. Confined space entry 有限空间进入4. Fall protection 防坠落5. Machine guarding 机器防护6. Hazardous waste disposal 危险废物处理7. Ergonomics 人类工程学四、其他1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 职业安全卫生管理局2. National Safety Council (NSC) 国家安全委员会3. Safety culture 安全文化4. Safety audit 安全审计5. Safety gear 安全装备6. Safety plan 安全计划7. Safety chart 安全图表通过以上介绍，我们可以看到，在安全工程专业中，英语词汇表达是非常重要的，熟练掌握这些词汇，对于提高交流效率以及确保工作安全质量都有着重要的意义。

安全工程专业英语术语

安全工程专业英语术语安全工程专业英语课程安全工程专业英语题目安全工程专业英语作业院系专业班级学生姓名学生学号指导教师1、potential accident 潜在事故Accidents, or potential accidents, are first considered to be the result of a number of interacting causes within the system.2、fire and explosion protection 火灾与爆炸控制This paper analyses the mechanism of fire protection and explosion suppression and introduces its application.3、System safety 系统安全System safety concepts are based on the idea that an optimum degree of safety can be achieved within the constraints of system effectiveness.4、safety system engineering 安全系统工程Introduces the application of safety system engineering in coal mine, analyses the exiting problems, discusses the development of the engineering in coal mine.5、system hazard 系统危害The objectives of such programs are to recognize，evaluate，and control system hazards as early in the life cycle as possible.6、inherently safe system 本质安全Adequate safety input during the initial phases is the key to produce an inherently safe system.7、safety device 安全防护装置An emergency hammer is a safety device used in vehicles to break through window glass in an emergency.8、hazard control 危险控制Loss prevention is a concept that is often used in the context of hazard control in process industry.9、hazard identification 危险辨识Description of the hazard identification and assessment activities10、Hazard analysis 危险分析Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process.11、Hazard control 危险控制Hazard control typically is accomplished through either engineering, educational, or administrative solutions.12、hazardous material 危险物质Of primary importance in engineering solutions is reducing the amount of energy or hazardous material in the system.13、domino effect 多米诺效应There were no precedents for judging whether the biggest insurance company could be allowed to fail or whether a domino effect would follow.14、major hazard 重大危险源Supervision for major hazard is an essential means to promote safety production at enterprises, prevent great industrial accidents and ensure urban public safety.15、local resistance 局部阻力However, for pipes with local resistance loss, the friction head loss caused by the viscosity of fluid does exist, which may lead to the calculation error.16、safety management 安全管理The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.17、accident causation models 事故致因模型All modern theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss.18、machine guarding 机械保护装置Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping, and inspections.19、human errors 人因失误Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors. 20、poor physical condition 物的不安全状态In the beginning of the 20th century, it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents.21、Safety practitioner 安全工作者Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping, and inspections.22、poor human act 人的不安全行为In most cases an accident is the result of two things: the poor human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment.23、Mine ventilation 矿山通风Mine ventilation involves the control of the atmospheric environment. 24、safety lamps 安全灯These safety lamps soon replaced oil lamps and open flared candles as a source of working light.25、Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Accident-proneness models suggest that some people aremore likely to suffer accident than others.26、process industry 制造工业This is also natural, since accidents in process industry can have catastrophic consequences.27、safety shoes 安全鞋28、safety belts 安全带29、safety glasses 安全防护眼镜Included here are those safety devices the worker would wear on his or her person such as special clothing, safety shoes, goggles, safety belts, gloves, respirators, safety glasses, etc30、safety officer 安全官员31、safety committee 安全委员会These include ：organizational responsibility for safety, management attitudes towards safety, management activity in responding to health and safety problems, safety training and promotion，level of risk at the workplace，workers' involvement in safety，and status of the safety officer and the safety committee.32、safety lectures 安全专题33、safety assessment evaluation 安全评价34、safety policy 安全方针A status review is the basis for a safety policy and the planning of safety activities.35、safety principles 安全规则Som0e companies have developed so-called “safety principles’ which cover the key areas of the company’s safety policy.36、safety efforts 安全投入Because of accelerating technology and demands for a “first time safe” operation, a need has ar isen to formallyorganize safety efforts throughouta system's life cycle.37、safety criteria 安全标准Program activities in the concept phase include establishing safety criteria within the definition of the system task.38、shop-floor 生产区The studies of Wobbe reveal that shop-floor workers in the USA are, in general, less trained and less adaptable than those in Germany or Japan.39、absenteeism rates 缺勤率Oxenburgh has studied the total costs of absence from work, and found that local culture and legislation has a strong effect on absenteeism rates.40、reliability engineering and risk analysis 可靠性工程与风险分析41、system safety engineering 系统安全工程To meet this need, the concepts of system safety and the field of system safety engineering have evolved.42、engineering practice 工程实践The safety realized in a system was only a byproduct of good engineering practice.43、system effectiveness 系统有效性System safety concepts are based on the idea that an optimum degree of safety can be achieved within the constraints of system effectiveness.44、system design 系统设计A gross hazard analysis is often performed for each alternative approach to system design.45、Operation Phase 运行阶段Periodic safety inspections, maintenance, training, andperformance reviews are conducted in the operation phase to maintain or improve the safety achieved previously.46、protective devices 报警装置When neither design selection nor design features can effectively control a known hazard，warning devices should be used to detect the hazardous condition and generate a warning signal.47、protective apparel 防护用品For these hazards, the best course of action is to use protective apparel to protect the worker in the event of a mishap.48、accident prevention 事故预防System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention.49、exposure limit 暴露极限50、ventilation system 通风系统If the dust is not above accepted exposure limits and the smell is notoverwhelming, then the company may elect to install a new ventilation system, but not until the next year because of budgetary constraints.51、accident investigation 事故调查52、labor management committee 劳动管理委员会These items include jobsite safety inspections, accident investigations, safety and health committees, and project safety inspection programs that involve supervisors and, if you have them, joint labor management committees.53、industrial accident 工业事故To prevent industrial accidents, the people, machines, and other factors which can cause accidents, including the energies associated with them, must be controlled.54、Accident Types 事故类型55、Struck-against 撞击56、Struck-by 打击57、walk-round inspection 巡视Look at the first four basic accident types--- Struck-against, Struck-by, contact-with and contacted-by---in more detail, with the job step walk-round inspection in mind.58、worker-oriented 以人为本Hazard identification, as envisioned in this section, is a worker-oriented process.59、accident investigation 事故调查Although accident investigation is an after-the-fact approach to hazard identification ，it is still an important part of this process.60、accident prevention 事故预防The recurrence of accidents of a particular type or those with common causes shows areas needing special accident prevention emphasis.61、OHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系What is an occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS)?62、industrial hygiene 工业卫生Industrial hygiene has been defined as that science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factors or stress, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and wellbeing, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community.63、Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害64、Non ionizing and ionizing radiation 非电离辐射与电离辐射Physical hazards include excessive levels of Non ionizing andionizing radiation, noise, vibration, and extremes of temperature and pressure. 65、biological hazards 生物危害Biological hazards include vermin, insects, fungi, viruses, and bacterial contaminants.66、Chemical hazards 化学危害Chemical hazards arise from excessive airborne concentrations of mists , vapors, gases ,or solids that are in the form of dusts or fumes.67、safety electricity 安全用电68、Electrical equipment 电力设备Be careful when using machinery or electrical equipment.69、explosion venting 爆炸泄压Provide an explosion venting surface or vents, taking care to vent a pressure wave to areas where people or other equipment will not become involved.70、fire suppressant 灭火剂The net also contains a tube for dispensing fire suppressant agent.71、secondary explosion 二次爆炸The dominant mechanisms of the occurrence of the secondary explosion during the venting processes were elucidated according to the numerical and relevant experimental results.72、fire ground 火场A system to detect and warn the dangerous gas in the fire ground is researched and developed.73、fire protection 消防Other than providing such emergency services as police and fire protection, U.S. policy generally favors competition in an open market rather than a nationalized equivalent.74、physical explosion 物理爆炸The latter is a kind of physical explosion with a serious destructive force. To study the generation mechanism of BLEVE a small-scale experimental device has been set up to conduct simulation tests.75、chemical explosion 化学爆炸With the development of chemical industry, accidents of poisonous gas leakage, chemical explosion and fire increase and occur more frequently in China.76、nature gas explosion 天然气爆炸The chemical reaction and explosive ingredients present in a smoke explosion or nature gas explosion are the same as in any ordinary combustion explosion.77、peak pressure 峰值压力In this paper some problems, which exist in the peak pressure measurements under impulsive loading of explosion by the gun copper ingot, are discussed and an improved method is presented.78、lifting and mechanical safety 起重与机械安全79、boiler and pressure vessel safety technology 锅炉压力容器80、fire suppression system 灭火系统In recent years, many new varieties of automatic sprinkler have been developed in order to improve the performance of fire suppression system.81、coolant system 冷却系统But the tsunami wiped out power to the plant, which took down the main coolant system, and a wave destroyed the diesel-based backup system. 82、electric system 电气系统It would vastly improve the reliability, availability andefficiency of the electric system.83、rated capacity 额定容量Rated capacity of the battery cell rated capacity refers to discharge certain conditions, the battery voltage discharge to the deadline for the release of electricity.84、operating voltage 工作电压Increasing the operating voltage will boost the energy density of the composite significantly.85、work cycle 工作周期The paper introduced the technical parameters, basic structure and work cycle of each subsystem of air compressor with the aim to improve the operation level of workers.86、domino effect 多米诺效应There were no precedents for judging whether the biggest insurance company could be allowed to fail or whether a domino effect would follow.87、safety device 安装防护装置An emergency hammer is a safety device used in vehicles to break through window glass in an emergency.88、environmental protection 环境保护The pollutants studied in the report do not include ozone, the chemical for which the Environmental Protection Agency proposed new regulations last week.89、dumper truck 翻斗车CCTV footage released yesterday showed pandemonium at the hotel gates after a dumper truck rammed into the retractable metal barrier there.90、artificial respiration 人工呼吸She brought her to life by artificial respiration.91、contingency plan 应急预案Now that we have a plan in place for our current situation and a contingency plan for our risk, we can relax a little.92、pressure vessel 压力容器The powerful system has the capacity to propel thousands of gallons of water a minute throughout a reactor pressure vessel and storage pool.93、safety checklist 安全检查表94、preliminary hazard analysis 预先危险分析The method and steps of preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) is introduced. To analyze the possible hazards in engineering by PHA may help to bring forward related prevention measures.95、event tree analysis 事件数分析Both event tree analysis (ETA) and deterministic analysis methods are applied to constructing the dynamic analysis model for the steam generator tube ruptures (SGTR).96、fault tree analysis 事故树分析From the perspective of systems engineering, Fault Tree Analysis method which is widely used in system security study is used for analysis of urban rail transit accident.97、occupational disease 职业病The occupational disease certificate should be jointly signed by all participating physicians and stamped by the responsible healthcare agency.98、lower explosive limit 爆炸下限The conflicting problem of flash point and lower explosive limit as a criterion of hazard is studied in this paper.99、reactive mode 事后模式The information at this point, while critical, is used in a reactive mode. 100、top event 顶事件And then expatiate the qualitative analysis and quantitativeanalysis of fault tree analysis, establishes a fault tree with "actuator immovable" as the top event.101、human factor engineering 人因工程The human factor engineering design has long been an important part of that of main control room in a nuclear power plant.102、HRA（human reliability analysis）人的可靠性分析103、PRA（probability risk analysis）概率风险分析The lack of data and availability is a major problem that embarrasses human reliability analysis (HRA) for a long time.104、fatal accident frequency rate 死亡事故频率105、welding flash 弧光灼伤Welding flash damages, moving back space and resetting distance can be adjusted freely.106、terrestrial radiation 地面辐射Mineral dust affects the radiation and energy budget of the earth mainly by absorbing and scattering solar and terrestrial radiation, and thus affects the climate change.107、sound level meter 噪声计The study was undertaken using a sound level meter operated by a passenger in each car tested.108、management review 管理评估The software project manager with the help of the management review team updates the software development plan as needed.109、unsafe act 不安全行为Any unsafe act or condition should be reported promptly to your immediate supervisor.110、hazard assessment 危险评价This paper presents a model of campus network userbehavior hazard assessment based on the LEC method, and introduces its practical application on network management system.112、safety culture 安全文化Clearly there are many reactors and they're all built of the same type and the same technology but some are run better than others and safety culture is clearly the difference.113、accident reports system 事故报告体系114、safety slogans 安全标语The safety note boards, slogans, and varied operation regulation boards will de installed on the constructing field, forming a good atmosphere of product safety.115、emergency response 应急响应So this platform is completely revolutionizing the way that emergency response takes place, first of all, and with rebuilding efforts.116、status review 状态评审It shall lead to action to support the determination of key customer- related trends and correlation for status review, decision-making and longer term planning.117、quality and environmental management syste质量与环境管理体系The Company's products quality system and environmental management system have received the international certificates.118、safety ergonomics 安全人机工程Base on statistical analysis of the active ammunition packages, this paper emphasizes the important senses of application of safety ergonomics to ammunition packaging design.119、safety principles 安全学原理You can keep yourself safe by complying with some basic safety principles and donning a properly fitted helmet 120、industrial ventilation 工业通风Wall exhaust fan manufacturers, industrial ventilation and the wall exhaust fan industrial ventilation suppliers guide find a wall.121、chemical industrial safety 化工安全Coal gasification technology possess very important role for coal industry industrial structure adjustment, coal chemical industrial development and nation energy safety in China.122、electrical safety 电气安全The Dielectric Withstand Test is the third test required by the electrical safety testing standards.123、safety monitoring and control technology 安全监测与监控技术And taking Qidong coal mine as an example, it analyzes the application of video technology based on network in the safety monitoring and control system of coal mine.124、explosion suppression 爆炸抑制Model for analyzing the explosion suppression mechanism of void design reticulated polyurethane foam for fuel tank was set up.125、construction safety 建筑安全Construction safety management and construction the safe technique istwo basic factors to realize safety produce target manage.126、confined spaces 密闭空间In the heat of the chase sparrow hawks have collided with windows, struck cars and become trapped in confined spaces ranging from garden sheds to lobster pots.127、electrical circuits 电路The work also indicates that thermal equivalents of electricalcircuits are possible.128、electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射This makes them ideal for long-distance travel, as neutrinos are undisturbed by gas, dust and other matter that can block radio waves and other types of electromagnetic radiation.129、high frequency noise 高频噪声The small eddies created near the exhaust duct cause high frequency noise but downstream of the exhaust jet the larger eddies create low frequency noise.130、Counter-measure 干预措施England's manager Walter Winter bottom, acknowledging the problem, held a team meeting to try to come up with a counter-measure for the full international that was scheduled for a few days later.131、neutral conductor 中性导体The independent PE grounding system and N neutral conductor in switchgear vessel should be connected to the ground securely132、branch-circuit 分支电路This system also has a 4-branch parallel fully-controlled rectification circuit.133、ball valves 球形阀Ball Valves screwed to NPT or an alternative as per Contractor's recommendation, subject to approval by Client 134、color coded 色标Inside the doc uments you’ll find a plethora of links and cross references, nicely color coded and branded as to what sort of information they lead to.135、interlocked guard 连锁保护装置136、elevating work platform 升降台Elevating work platform truck will be used forcleaning part of external windows.138、dense concrete 密实混凝土Dense concrete is one of upper flow regime, which is widely used in various fields.139、Respiratory tract 呼吸道One feature seen in many patients is the development of lower respiratory tract early in the illness.140、Digestive tract 消化道Go with your gut: Japanese scientists recently identified umami receptors not only on the tongue but throughout the digestive tract.141、Safety manager 安全经理The research can be referenced during the safety management and psychoanalysis process of safety manager in enterprise.142、Process engineer 生产工程师The project manager now understands the value of these work products, and he or she can quickly negotiate with the process engineer as to which ones are required for a particular project.143、welding arc 焊弧In this paper the temperature of underwater welding arc is investigated systematically by means of spectral diagnostics of plasma.144、Plant manager 工厂经理As she answers some of the questions the plant manager is likely to pose,Carol will likely need to set some emergent identity goals.145、carbon monoxide 一氧化碳That produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which can be converted to a liquid fuel.146、Responsible official 负责人At the same time, funding the development and construction of the main users CBD Liuweiguo responsible official of the company has only received 600 million authorized capital statement145、Industrial hygiene 职业卫生Osram said it used the latest technology employing solid mercury to maintain high standards of industrial hygiene equivalent to those in Germany.146、Mine industry 矿业The housing is not the main body of the mine industry. It is only to serve the employees of the mine.147、Nuclear power plant 核电厂This problem was highlighted by the earthquake centered near the KashiwazakiKariwa nuclear power plant in 2007.148、Material safety data sheet 安全清单This product is not expected to cause health concerns when used for the intended application and according to the recommendations in the Material Safety Data Sheet .149、explosion isolation 爆炸隔绝150、safety laws and regulations 安全法律法规Article 22 Motor vehicle drivers shall abide by road traffic safety laws and regulations, and drive the vehicle safely and courteously according to the operation rules.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to introduce safety management system from three aspects of accident causation models, organizational activity and safety policy and planning. All modern theories are based on accident causation models. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena, and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. The development and importance of accident causation models will be introducedclearly in this paper. Safety management as an organizational activity is very important for enterprise.That a company’s organizational culture determines the maximum level of safety the company can reach. Good organizational culture and safety culture are conducive to establish a Reasonable safety management system. This paper treats an important problem in the factors affecting the development of Enterprise safety culture. Organizations activity and safety culture behave differently in the different parts of the world. Reasons for the differences are discussed in this paper. Safety policy and planning is an important guarantee for the development of enterprises in safety state. In this paper, it is made by some standards form BS8800. Through this article, the development of Safety Management System can be fully understand, and it describes a exceeding effective method about how to build a complete Safety Management System.Key words: safety management system accident causation models BS8800 Organizational activity safety culture safety policyAcademic Report about Fire Extinguishing System of Chaoliutequ Underground Emporium Chaoliutequ, underground emporium is a public gathering places. There are about more than one hundred and seventy stores. Most of them sell clothing , shoes, caps and cosmetics.And most of the goods belong to flammable materials. The features of underground emporium is too many customers, goods and electrical equipments. The possibility of a fire disaster is very large in there. In case of fire, it can cause heavy casualties and property losses. And it is very important to carry out fire risk assessment on underground emporium to prevent and control fire efficiently.This article is through the relevant information to understand underground mall, and familiar with the layout of the building. Firstly, we have analyzed the fire characteristics of Chaoliutequ underground emporium. Basement of high-rise building fire resistance rating should be level, and its fire protection district should not exceed 1000. The total area of Chaoliutequ underground emporium is about 4000 cubic meters, so we divided it into five fire protection district. To study evacuation in fire plays an important role in underground emporium’s fire safety. The width of safety exit is determined by the calculation of Safety evacuation width index. After calculated, the safety exit’s total width of underground emporium is 18.2 meter. Chaoliutequ, underground emporium is given。

安全工程专业英语

安全工程专业英语词组Safety Management System安全管理系统Accident-proneness Model事故倾向模型Accident Causation Model事故致因模型Organizational/Safety Culture组织/安全文化Quality and environmental management system质量和环境管理系统System Safety Engineering系统安全工程System Safety Program系统安全规划Hazard Analysis危险源分析Hazard Control危险源控制Hazard Identification危险源辨识Hazard Evaluation危险源评估The Ergonomics Process人机工程过程Chain of command行政管理系统Personal protective equipment(PPE)个人防护设备Safety Inspection安全检查Hazard reporting system危险源呈报系统Occupational health and safety management system职业健康安全管理体系Rational orgnisation theory理性组织理论Planning and review/accountability计划与评审/职责Industrial Hygiene工业卫生Physical Hazard物理危险源Biological Hazard生物危险源Ergonomic Hazard人体工程学危险源Chemical Hazard化学危险源Self-motivation自我激励Pavement Breaker混凝土路面破碎机Terrestrial Radiation地面辐射Accident Investigation事故调查Aground fault circuit interrupter接地故障断路器Artificial v entilation人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation心肺复苏法Safety device安全防护装置Declaration of Conformity符合性声明Confined Spaces狭小空间Manufacturing Industry制造业Rock Falls岩石冒落Phase transition相变Coal field煤田Mine Fire矿井火灾Spontaneous combustion自然发火Old working老采空区，老窑Smoke Explosion轰然说明:此内容不代表考试重点,请大家斟酌.考试时字母均为小写即可.翻译Translation1.One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented bySchein who has that organizational culture is"a pattern of basic assumptions--invented,discovered,or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with itsproblems of external adaptation and internal integration--that has worked wellenough to be considered valid and,therefore,to be taught to new members as thecorrect way to perceive,think,and feel in relation to those problems".对组织文化的一种全面的定义是由Schein提出的，他认为组织文化是“一种基本假设的模型——由特定群体在研究处理外部适应与内部聚合问题的过程中发明或发展出来的——由于运作效果好而被认可，并传授给组织新成员以作为理解、思考和感受相关问题的正确方式。

安全工程专业英语第02讲

Translation
It is difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not to be reminded how dangerous our world is .Both largescale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis. 从电视或报纸传达出的信息，很难不让我们想到（无不在告诉）我们这个世界是多么危险。大规模的自然灾害和人为灾害几乎每天都在发生。
Translation －paragraph 4
In 1995 the Fremont, California, Air Route Traffic Control Center lost power, causing radar screens covering northern California, western Nevada, and 18 million square miles of Pacific Ocean to go dark for 34 minutes while 70 planes were in the air, almost resulting in two separate midair collisions. 1995年，在加利福尼亚州弗里蒙特市，航线交通控制中心断电，使覆盖加州北部、内华达州西部和太平洋中1800万平方英里区域的雷达屏幕陷入黑暗长达34分钟，当时有70 架飞机停留在空中，几乎造ph 6
The problem quickly becomes evident: How do we build products with high quality, cheaply, quickly, and still safely? 问题很快变得明显了：构造产品时，我们如何在保证高品质、低价格、生产快速的同时，也保证安全？

安全工程专业词汇

安全Safety安全边界Safety limits安全标志Safety sign安全标准Safety standards安全操作规程Safety regulations for operations安全车Security vehicle安全成本Safety cost安全措施Safety measures安全带(飞行器) Safetybelts(aircraft)安全带Safety belts安全灯Safety lamps安全等级Safety level安全电气工程Safety electric engineering安全度Degree of safety安全对策Safety countermeasures安全阀Relief valves安全法规Safety laws and regulations安全法学Safety jurisprudence安全防护Safety protection安全防护照明Protective lighting安全风险Safe risk安全工程Safety engineering安全工程技术人员Technical personnel of safety engineering安全工程师Safety engineer安全工作Safety work安全工作体系Safetywork system安全观Safety outlook安全管理Safety management安全管理Safetymanagement安全管理体系Safety administration system安全规程Safety regulation安全极限Safety margins安全技术Safety techniques安全监测Safety monitoring安全监察Safety supervision安全监控Safety supervising 安全监控系统Safetymonitoring system安全检测与监控技术Safetydetection &monitoring-controllingtechnique安全检查Safety inspection安全检查表Safety check lists安全健康产品Health andsafety production安全鉴定Safety appraisal安全教育Safety education安全教育学Safety pedagogy安全经济效益Safety costeffectiveness安全经济学Safety economics安全考核Safety checkassessment安全科学Safety science安全科学技术Safetytechnique安全可靠性Safetyreliability安全控制技术Safety controltechnology安全控制论Safetycybernetics安全立法Safety legislation安全联锁系统Safetyinterlocking system安全模拟与安全仿真学Safetysimulation & imitation安全模式Safety pattern安全培训Safety training安全评价Safety assessment安全人机界面Safetyman-machine interface安全人体工程Safetylivelihood engineering work安全人体学Safety livelihoodscience安全人因工程学Safety humanfactors engineering安全认证Safety approval andcertification安全三级教育Three degreesafety education安全设备Safety equipment安全设备工程Safetyequipment engineering work安全设备机电学Safetyequipment electro-mechanics安全设备卫生学Safetyequipment hygienic安全设备学Safety guardscience安全设计Safety design安全社会工程Safety socialengineering work安全社会学Safety sociology安全生产Safety production安全史Safety history安全事故Safe accidents安全事故罪Crime of safetyaccident安全试验Safety experiment安全疏散Evacuation安全素质Safety disposition安全体系学Science of safetysystem安全投入Safety investment安全危害因素Hazardouselements安全唯物论Safetymaterialism安全委员会Safety committee安全文化Safety culture安全系数Safety factor安全系统Safety system安全系统分析Safety systemanalysis安全系统工程Safetysystematic engineering work安全系统学Safetysystematology安全心理学Safety psychology安全信号Safety signals安全信息Safety information安全信息工程Security ininformation technology安全信息论Safetyinformation theory安全行为Safe behavior安全性Nature of safety安全性理论Safety theory安全性约束Safety restrain安全宣传Safety propaganda安全训练Safety training安全仪表Safety instruments安全意识Safety consciousness安全因素Safety elements安全隐患Safety potential安全阈值Safe threshold value 安全员Safety personnel安全运筹学Safety operation research安全运输Safety transportation安全炸药Safety explosives 安全哲学Safety philosophy安全执法Safety law enforcement安全质量隐患Safety quality potential安全中介组织Intermediary organization of safety安全装置Safety devices安全自组织Safetyself-organizing安全组织Safety organization保护装置Protection devices保险机构(引信) Safety and arming devices保险装置Physical protection devices报警设备Warning equipment报警系统Warning systems爆破安全Shotfiring safety爆破安全仪表Safety blasting instruments爆炸安全工程Explosion safety engineering本质安全Intrinsic safety本质安全电路Intrinsically safety circuit产品安全性能Safety functions低压安全阀Low-pressure safety valve电力安全Power system safety电气安全Electrical safety短路事故Short circuit accidents 防爆Explosion-proofing防爆试验Explosion-prooftests防尘工程Dust controlengineering防毒Anti-toxin防毒工程Industrialpoisoning controlengineering防高温High tempratureprevention防护设备Safeguard防火Fire safety防火堤Fire bank防冷To be protected from cold防热Solar heat protection防暑Heat stroke prevention放射性Radioactivity放映安全技术Safetytechniques of film projection飞机安全装备Air emergencyapparatus飞机防火Aircraft fireprotection飞行安全Air safety飞行安全装备Flight safetydevices风险评价与失效分析Riskassessment and failureanalysis辐射防护Radiationprotection辐射分解Radiolysis辐射屏蔽Radiation shielding辐射危害Radiation hazards妇女劳动保护Protection ofwomen labour force高低温防护High and lowtemperature protection高温作业Hotwork个人飞行安全装备Personalflight safety fitting个体保护用品Individualprotection articles个体防护装备Personalprotection equipments工厂安全Factory safety工程事故Engineeringaccidents工伤事故Industrial accident工业安全Industrial safety工业灾害控制Control ofindustrial disaster共同安全署(美国) MutualSecurity Agency (U. S. )故障保险Fail safe锅炉安全Boiler safety锅炉爆炸事故Boilerexplosion accidents锅炉事故Boiler breakdowns国际海上人命安全公约International convention forsafety of life at sea国家安全法National securitylaw航空安全Aviation safety航天安全Aerospace safety航行安全Voyage safety核安全Nuclear safety核安全保障Nuclear safeguard核安全保障规章Nuclearsafeguard regulations核防护Nuclear protection化工安全Chemicalengineering safety火灾事故Fire accident激光安全Laser safety激光安全标准Laser safetystandard激光危害Laserhazard激光眼睛防护Laser eyeprotection计算机安全Computer safety监测保护系统Surveillanceprotection system降温Falling temperature交通安全教育Traffic safetyeducation交通运输安全Traffic safety结构安全度Structure safety井下安全阀Subsurface safetyvalve警报Alarm救护Medical aid救生设备Rescue equipment救生装置Survival devices矿山安全Mine safety劳保服装Safety and industrial costume劳保条例Labour insurance regulations劳动安全Labour safety劳动保护Labour protection劳动合同Labour contract劳动条件Labour conditions联合国安全理事会United Nations Security Council美国国家安全委员会The National Security Council (U. S. )美国劳动部职业安全与卫生局Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Department of Labor, U. S.A. )欧安会(1975) European Security Conference (1975)企业安全Enterprise safety起重安全Lifting safety潜在危险Potential hazards缺水事故Water deficiency emergence (or accident)伤亡率Rate of casualty伤亡事故Casualty accidents设备安全Equipment safety设备事故Equipment accident生产噪声与振动控制Control of occupational noise & vibration生活安全Living safety生态安全Ecological safety食品安全Food safety事故Accident事故处理Accident handling事故分析Accident analysis事故类别Accident type事故模型Accident model事故频率Accident frequency事故树分析Accident tree analysis事故损失Accident loss事故统计Accident statistics事故预防Accidentprevention事故致因理论Accident-causing theory 提升安全装置Lifting safety features天然放射性Natural radioactivity通风与空调工程Ventilation engineering & air conditioning通信安全Communication safety危害公共安全罪Offences againstpublic security危急保安器Emergency protector危险辨识Hazard identific危险等级Danger level危险评估Risk assessment危险性Risk危险源Dangerous source危险源控制Dangerous source control违章作业Operation against rules未成年工保护Protection of underage employee温度报警器Temperature alarm系统安全分析System safety analysis系统安全工程System safety engineering系统安全性System safety系统安全学System safety science消防工程Fire-fighting engineering消费安全Consumption safety信息安全Information safety行车安全Driving safety压力容器安全Pressure vessel safety压力释放Pressure relief眼部保护Eye protection异常气压防护Protection of anomalous barometric pressure易燃物品Inflammable article应急对策Emergency countermeasures。

100个安全工程专业英语词汇

安全操作规程Safety regulations foroperations 安全极限Safety margins安全间隙safe gap安全监测Safety monitoring安全监察Safety supervision安全检查safe review,SR安全检查表分析safety checklist analysis,SCA 安全鉴定:Safety appraisal安全经济效益Safety Cost Effectiveness安全经济学Safety economics安全考核Safety check assessment安全可靠性 Safety Reliability安全模拟与安全仿真学Safety simulation & imitation安全评价Safety Assessment安全人体工程Safety livelihood engineering work 安全人因工程学Safety human factors engineering安全认证Safety approval and certification安全审核员Safety auditor安全生产指标体系safety production target system安全生产指数safety production index安全事故Safe Accidents安全事故罪Crime of safety accident安全疏散Evacuation安全梯,防火应急出口,安全出口fire escape 安全危害因素Hazardous elements安全系数Safety Factor安全系统工程Safety System Engineering安全销Shear pin安全信息论Safety information theory安全验收评价Safety Assessment Upon Completion安全隐患potential safety hazard安全预评价Safety Preliminary Evaluation安全阈值Safe threshold value保安矿柱Safety pillars保护装置:Protection devices保险装置Physical protection devices报警设备Warning equipment爆破blasting爆破地震blast seism爆破片bursting disc爆破有害效应adverse effects of blasting本质安全intrinsic safety不安全行为unsafe act抽出式通风exhaust ventilation防爆Explosion-proofing防爆电气设备explosion-proof electrical equipment 防爆墙anti-explosion wall防尘工程Dust control engineering防毒Anti-toxin防高温High temprature prevention防护堤protection embankment防护口罩Safety mask防护设备Safeguard辐射防护:Radiation protection高温作业Hotwork个体保护用品Individual protection articles工程事故Engineering accidents工伤事故industial accidents工业防尘:Industrial dust suppression工业防毒:Industrial gas defense工业通风:Industrial ventilation工业灾害控制:control of industrial disaster共同安全署(美国) Mutual Security Agency (U. S. ) 故障假设分析方法what…if,WI故障类型和影响分析failure mode effects1analysis,FMEA故障树分析fault tree analysis,FTA锅炉事故:Boiler breakdowns核安全Nuclear safety化工安全Chemical engineering safety环保工程师Environmental Protection Engineer 机械通风mechanical ventilation极限载荷limit load监测点monitoring point交通安全教育Traffic Safety Education局部通风local ventilation可靠性分析reliability analysis,RA矿井通风mine ventilation矿井通风方式layout of ventilation shafts矿用安全型:Mine permissible type劳动保护Labour protection临界安全critical safety临界量threshold quantity漏风air leakage起重安全Lifting safety潜在危险Potential hazards缺水事故Water deficiency emergence (or accident)人机工程学ergonomics人机界面:human-machine interface人失误human error伤亡率Rate of casualty伤亡事故Casualty accidents设备事故Equipment accident审查人员authorized person生态安全Ecological safety事故处理Accident handling事故树分析Accident tree analysis事故致因理论:Accident-causing theory事件树分析Event Tree Analysis通风与空调工程Ventilation engineering & air conditioning 危险辨识:Hazard identific危险和可操作性研究hazard and operability study HAZOP危险评估Risk assessment危险源Dangerous source危险源辨识hazard identification危险源控制hazard control危险指数法risk rank,RR违章作业:Operation against rules温度报警器:Temperature alarm矽肺病silicosis系统安全分析System safety analysis系统危险性评价system risk assessment压力容器pressure vessels易燃物品:Inflammable article应急避难所emergency shelter应急对策:Emergency countermeasures应急预案emergency plan有害作业:Harmful work职业安全卫生Occupational health and safety职业安全卫生标准Occupational health and safety standards职业安全卫生体系Occupational health and safety management system 职业危害Occupational hazard重大事故major accident重大危险源major hazard installations注册安全工程师Certified Safety Engineer专项安全评价Safety Specific Evaluation自然通风natural ventilation阻燃剂flame retardant最佳起爆距离optimum burst range作业环境卫生Work environment hygiene作业条件危险性评价法job risk analysis,LEC2。

100个安全工程专业英语词汇

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