必修5 Unit 5 First Aid-Grammar ellipsis省略

年级高二学科英语版本人教新课标版
课程标题必修5 Unit 5 First Aid-Grammar ellipsis省略
编稿老师冯振宇
一校黄楠二校李秀卿审核刘晓军
一、学习目标：
1. 学习省略句，掌握其特点
2. 学会使用省略句使自己的语言表达更生动，且能够解答与这一语法相关的习题。

二、重点、难点：
掌握倒装句的标志词
三、考情分析：
1. 倒装句是每年高考考查的重点内容，是单项选择题的考查项目之一，分值为1分。

2. 与倒装有关的特殊句式也是高考考查的重点。

四、知能提升：
（一）知识讲解
【认知讲解】
●教材原句呈现
If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.
Turn white when pressed.
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
●对比分析
第一个句子，if后面省略了it is，第二个句子中的when后面省略了they are，而they指的是前面的burns。

第三个句子if后省略了it is。

【重、难点】
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常省去某些成分，这在英语中叫作省略。

省略可出现在简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句中，省略部分可以是主语、谓语、表语、状语、定语等。

1. 并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。

This cell phone works well，but that one doesn‟t(work well).
这个手机工作正常，但那个就不行。

There are many people in the room, some of them are reading, some chatting and others just sitting there doing nothing.
房间里有许多人，有的在读书，有的在闲聊，还有的坐在那里无所事事。

【考题链接】
One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.
A. the other is white
B. another white
C. the other white
D. another is white
答案：C
解析：这里的省略是承前省略。

完整的句子为the other side of the board should be painted white。

2. 在when，while，if，as if，though（或although），as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid. 水在纯净时，是无色的液体。

When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to her for help. 我有困难时总是找她帮忙。

Errors，if any，should be corrected.
如果有什么错误，就应当改正。

(if后省略了there are)
Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时，放出很多烟。

The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。

Henry walked around as if (he were) looking for something.
亨利四处走动，似乎在寻找什么。

She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她虽然体弱，但学习仍十分努力。

【考题链接】
1）The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
答案：C
解析：原句部分可变形为if proper amounts of exercise are carried out 句意：这个实验表明，如果运动量有规律地进行的话，合理的运动量可以促进我们的健康。

2）The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.
A. once
B. when
C. if
D. unless
答案：D
解析：句意为“校规规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。

”表示“除非”的意思时用unless。

该句式构成了“连词＋过去分词”结构，相当于一个状语从句“unless they are accompanied by an adult”。

3. 当见到“when（或if where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast as，than等）＋possible／necessary”等时，可理解为中间省略了it is（或was）。

I will be back as soon as possible. 我会尽可能快的回来。

When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。

4. 有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。

It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很荣幸地被邀请参加你的生日聚会。

It‟s a pity (that) you can‟t operate a computer. 很遗憾，你不会操作计算机。

It is the third time (that) I have come to China. 这是我第三次来中国。

5. 在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom，which，that。

That is the book (that) we talked about last week.
那就是我们上周讨论的那本书。

【考题链接】
Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago?
A. where
B. when
C. /
D. what
答案：C
解析：visit为及物动词，所以引导定语从句的应该为关系代词that或which，且可以省略。

6. 在direction（方向），way（方式），distance（距离），time（时间），times（倍数）等词后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which。

The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我们可以改变移动物体的方向。

The distance (which／that) light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距离是30万公里。

【考题链接】
The way he did it was different from what we were used to.
A. in that
B. in what
C. /
D. with which
答案：C
解析：此题解题的关键在于牢记way后面的定语从句的引导词有三种形式：that, in which 或者省略，什么也不用。

7. 命令句、感叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中的省略最为常见。

Open the door! 开门!！
Why not? 为什么不？
Why so? 为什么这样？
What a lovely day! 天气真不错！
8. 用so、not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子，是高考的常考项目。

—Can Emily do this work? 埃米莉能做这份工作吗?
—I think so. 我想她能。

—I think not (或I don‟t think so). 我想她不能。

—Did you know anything about it? 你以前知道这件事吗?
—Not until you told me. 你告诉了我，我才知道。

He has gone. No one knows where (he has gone). 他走了。

谁也不知道他去什么地方了。

Jenny knows what (is to be done)! 詹妮知道该怎么做!
【考题链接】
1）—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?
—______ Wait till you are old enough, dear.
A. Will you?
B. Why not?
C. I hope so.
D. I‟m afraid not.
答案：D
提建议，I hope so意为“我也希望是这样”，I am afraid not意为“恐怕不行”，根据句意选择D项。

句意：—每个人都要去爬山。

我也能去吗，妈妈？
—恐怕不行，亲爱的，等你再长大些吧。

2）—What‟s the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
—______. It must be the window-cleaner working, next door.
A. I‟m not sure
B. I hope not
C. I‟d rather not
D. I don‟t think so
答案：D
解析：A项意思是：我不确信；B项意思是：我希望不会；C项意思是：我宁愿不；D 项意思是：我认为不会。

根据应答句后面分句的意思可知所填部分表示对前一人的观点的否定，故选D项。

9. 用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。

这些动词有：expect，want，hope，like，mean，refuse等。

Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter，but she refused to (reconsider the matter). 有些人建议她重新考虑此事，但是她拒绝了。

Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
当这个男孩想玩电子游戏时，没有什么可以阻止他玩。

【考题链接】
1）—You should apologize to her, Barry.
—______, but it‟s not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so
B. I feel so
C. I prefer to
D. I like to
答案：A
解析：I feel so，英语中没有B项这样的应答搭配。

suppose在这里意为“应当”，整句话的意思是“我是应当向她道歉，但是这不会这么容易”，选B的话就变成“我感觉应当向他道歉”，C意为“我宁愿向他道歉”，说不通，和上文相矛盾，D意为“我喜欢去向她道歉”，这样虽然勉强中文说得通，但是就不是地道的英语。

选择是选择最佳答案，因此这里的最佳选择A项。

10. 在某些动词（如find，consider，prove等）后含有宾语补足语或主语补足语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。

They found the answer (to be) correct. 他们发现答案是正确的。

This conclusion proved (to be) correct. 这个结论证明是正确的。

11. 在某些使役动词（如let, make, have等）及感官动词（如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中则不能省去to。

I saw the boy fall from the tree. 我看到那个男孩从树上掉下来。

注意：该句子变为被动语态就应该是：The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
【考题链接】
I saw Mary _______ the house.
A. open the door and go into
B. to open the door and to go into
C. open the door and to go into
D. open the door and went into
答案：A
解析：题目所说看到的是动作的全过程，所以要用动词不定式，而在感官动词see后面要省略to。

12. 介词but前若有实义动词do时，后面的不定式不带to。

The boy did nothing but play the whole morning.
整个上午，那个男孩除了玩什么也没干。

【考题链接】
Paul does nothing but _____ all day long.
A. play
B. to play
C. playing
D. played
答案：A
解析：句子中含有实义动词do，所以but后面要省略to。

13. 引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

My idea is (that) we can get more people to help in the work.
我的想法是让更多的人来帮忙。

14. 宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。

引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

但是，如果两个宾语从句由and连接，第二个从句的引导词that就不能省略。

I hope (that) everything is all right around you. 我希望你一切都好。

Having checked (that) all the doors were shut and that all the lights were off, he went to bed.
检查过所有的门都关了，所有的灯都灭了，他去睡觉了。

【考题链接】
Having checked the doors were closed, and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. /
B. that
C. when
D. where
答案：B
解析：两个宾语从句由and连接，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略，所以答案为B项。

15. 注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。

We had a lot of trouble (in) finding the way home on the snowy night.
在那个雪夜，我们费了好大的劲才找到回家的路。

Many adolescence spend their spare time (in) playing computer games.
许多青少年把空闲的时间都花在玩电脑游戏上了。

As the final exam is approaching, the students are busy (in) preparing for it.
由于期末考试临近了，学生们都忙于为之做准备。

There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more. 向她解释这件事是无用的。

He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as yesterday.
他在用昨天用过的方法做实验。

【考题链接】
You can‟t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
答案：D
解析：这里考查have difficulty in doing这一结构，介词in常省略。

【即学即练】
1. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
2. _________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when___ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. have questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
4. No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being performed
5. — Go to the theatre with me, will you?
— I should like ______, but I don‟t have time.
A. to
B. too
C. to do
D. to go to
6. — Won‟t you have another try?
— ____.
A. Yes, I will
B. Yes, I won‟t
C. Yes, I will have
D. Yes, I won‟t have
7. ____ it rain tomorrow, I‟d stay at home.
A. Should
B. Would
C. When
D. If
8. — Have you fed the dog?
— No, but ____.
A. I am
B. I‟m just going to
C. I‟m
D. I‟m just going
9. — Do you think it will snow tomorrow? — ____.
A. No, I don‟t think
B. I don‟t think
C. No, I don‟t so
D. I don‟t think so
解答与省略句有关的习题时，要结合语境，并遵循语言表达习惯，否则，可能会与英语口语的表达相违背。

上学期期中复习——必修5
一、预习新知
1. 复习必修5中的重点单词
2. 复习必修5中的重点短语、句型
3. 复习必修5中的语法
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：自己能否先把必修5中的重点单词、短语、句型整理一下？
思考问题二：必修5的知识中，哪些内容对于你来说还比较薄弱？
思考问题三：在做题中会遇到哪些问题？
（答题时间：45分钟）
一、简化下面的句子：
1. He will come to my aid whenever it is possible.
2. I‟d like that this room should be painted white and that one should be painted yellow.
3. This is the first time that I have been in Shanghai.
4. Can you tell me the way in which you carried out first aid in saving the drowned boy?
5. Later research proved the theory that Einstein stuck to be correct.
二、单项选择
*1. He doesn‟t think you are able to do this alone, __________?
A. does he
B. doesn‟t he
C. aren‟t you
D. is it
2. —Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?
—I am doing these exercises now so that I won‟t have _____ on Sunday.
A. it
B. them
C. for
D. to
3. —Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening?
—Yes. It‟ll be fine if you______.
A. are
B. can
C. invite
D. do
4. —I‟ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. ______.
A. I‟ve no time
B. I‟d rather not
C. I‟d like it
D. I‟d be glad to
5. —I won‟t do it any more.
—_______?
A. Why not
B. Why don‟t do any more
C. Why not do
D. Why don‟t
6. —Do you think it will snow tomorrow?
—______.
A. I don‟t think
B. No, I don‟t think
C. I don‟t think so
D. No, I don‟t so
7. The laptop computers in the other shop will be ______, but _________.
A. cheaper; not as better
B. more cheap; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good
D. more cheap; not as good
*8. When first ______ to the market, this 3G cell phones became popular at once.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
*9. What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A. in the way that
B. the way
C. in the way
D. the way which
10. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
11. —Alice, why didn‟t you come yesterday?
—I_____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. did
*12. —Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ______.
A. could
B. will
C. can
D. should
*13. —Don‟t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
— _________.
A. I don‟t
B. I won‟t
C. I can‟t
D. I haven‟t
14. — What‟s Joan doing?
— ______ the live 2010 World Cup football game in the room.
A. She watching
B. She watches
C. To watch
D. Watching
15. —I was wondering if we could fly to Shanghai to see the Expo exhibition.
— _____ good.
A. Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding
D. Sounds
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，
选出最佳选项。

The smile
I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I searched my pockets for some 1 . I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get 2 to my lips. I had no matches. "I looked 3 the bars at my jailer（看守）. He did not make eye contact with me. I asked him for a(n) 4 . He looked at me and came over to 5 my cigarette. “As he came 6 and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently（无意地）locked with 7 . At that moment, I smiled. I don‟t know 8 I did that. 9 , I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap 10 our two hearts, our two human souls. And he smiled, too. He lit my cigarette 11 stayed near, looking at me and continuing to smile.
“I now regarded him 12 a person and not just a jailer. 13 his looking at me seemed to have a new dimension（方面）too. …Do you have kids?‟ he asked.”…Yes, here, here.‟ I took out my wallet and 14 fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out __15__and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with 16 . I said that I feared that I‟d never see my 17 again. Tears came to his eyes, too. “Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me 18 . At the edge of town, he released me.
“My life was saved by a 19 .”Yes, the smile ―the unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. If we smile to each other, we wouldn‟t be 20 . We couldn‟t have hate or envy or fear.
1. A. keys B. cigarettes C. matches D. books
2. A. that B. this C. it D. one
3. A. through B. out C. into D. up
4. A. cigarette B. eyesight C. picture D. light
5. A. take B. get rid of C. burn D. light
6. A. close B. in C. out D. down
7. A. me B. mine C. the cigarette D. the bars
8. A. why B. how C. where D. when
9. A. And B. But C. Actually D. In any case
10. A. among B. with C. between D. within
11. A. and B. but C. so D. after
12. A. for B. with C. as D. by
13. A. And B. But C. So D. However
14. A. quietly B. excitedly C. nervously D. inadvertently
15. A. the pictures of his wife B. his guns
C. his cigarettes
D. the pictures of his family
17. A. friends B. home C. family D. soldiers
18. A. out B. in C. down D. off
19. A. smile B. cigarette C. word D. man
20. A. friends B. enemies C. ourselves D. angry
四、阅读理解
Thirty- two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows. She was
their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one‟s fellowman?
“Not so,” say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons why people didn‟t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency（紧急情况）. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side - walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma（昏迷）from a headache? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak （漏洞）in the air conditioning? Is it “s team pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It‟s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible（负责任的）. He must feel that he must help, or the person won‟t get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested.” Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The researchers started them off on the “tests.” Then they went into the next room.
A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which they went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of bookshelves falling and a cry for help. All of this had been prerecorded on a tape recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn‟t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were shocked, they sweated, and they had trembling hands. They felt the other person‟s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
1. The purpose of this passage is ________.
A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B. to explain when people will act in emergencies
C. to explain what people will do in emergencies
D. to explain how people feel in emergencies
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.
B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.
C. A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D. A person with a heart attack needs the most.
3. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that ________.
A. they are afraid of emergencies
B. they are not willing to get themselves involved
C. others will act if they themselves hesitate
D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
4. The author suggests that ________.
A. we shouldn‟t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies
B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway
一、1. He will come to my aid whenever possible.
2. I‟d like that this room should be painted white and that one yellow.
3. This is the first time I have been in Shanghai.
4. Can you tell me the way you carried out first aid in saving the drowned boy?
5. Later research proved the theory that Einstein stuck to correct.
二、1. A 剖析：在否定转移的句子中，如果主句为第一人称，后面的反义疑问句应该与从句的主语一致，但要遵守前否后肯的原则。

但如果主句是第二、三人称，其反义疑问句则要与主句的主语一致，所以本题答案为A项。

2. D 剖析：to后面省略了do it。

3. D 剖析：do代替前面的invite。

4. D
5. A 剖析：why not是一种简略回答形式。

6. C
7. C
8. B 剖析：本小题考查省略的使用。

3G手机与introduce“引进市场”之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。

这里还省略了they were。

9. B 剖析：本小题考查省略的使用。

此题的陷阱选项是A项。

学生易受way后面定语从句的三种形式影响而忽略了in the way不可以作表语这一要点，而the way则可以，所以答案应选B项。

规律总结：解答此类题目要注意综合考虑问题。

10. A 11. C
12. C 剖析：本小题考查情景对话，此题的陷阱选项是A项。

第一个句子用了could，是为了语气的委婉，而作为同意别人请求的人回答时应该用can，其后也是省略了谓语动词。

13. B 剖析：本小题考查省略回答。

此题的陷阱选项是A项和D项。

选择A项的同学是误认为应与第一个句子中的do保持一致，而选择D项的同学则是受表达习惯的影响。

这里第一个句子后面省略了反义疑问句will you, 所以后面的回答为I won‟t。

14. D 15. D
三、1. B 剖析：从后文看，“我”在找烟。

故选B。

2. C 剖析：本题考查代词的用法。

用it特指刚才找到的那支烟。

3. A 剖析：依据语法，该空应该用介词，故排除B、D项；“我”被关在里面，不可能再往里面看，故选A。

4. D 剖析：从上文看“我”已经找到了烟，排除A项；eyesight不符合文意，排除B项；谈论照片是后文的事情，排除C项；此处用light表示“借火”。

故选D。

5. D 剖析：依据后文中的lit my cigarette判断，此处用light。

6. A 剖析：从后文看，看守没走进来，故排除B项。

come close表示“走近”。

7. B 剖析：本句意思为“他的目光无意中碰到了我的目光”，故选B。

8. A 剖析：此处表示不知为什么微笑。

故选A。

9. D 剖析：从语法关系看，该空应该用表示状语的副词或短语，故排除A、B项；C项不符合句意。

in any case意为“无论如何；不管怎样”。

10. C 剖析：在两者之间，用between。

11. B 剖析：点着烟后，不但没离开，反而靠得更近了，用but表示转折。

12. C 剖析：用介词as表示“作为”。

13. A 剖析：用and表达递进关系。

14. C 剖析：与文章开头相呼应，用nervously。

15. D 剖析：依据前文及本句中的too判断，他拿出了家人的照片。

故选D。

16. D 剖析：“我”眼睛里噙着泪。

故选D。

17. C 剖析：此时此刻“我”最思念的是家人。

故选C。

18. A 剖析：let sb. out意为“放某人出来”符合句意。

19. A 剖析：与文章题目相呼应，说明微笑是人们沟通的有效方式。

20. B 剖析：作者通过亲身经历的事情说明只要人们彼此用心灵去沟通，就不会成为敌人，仇恨、妒忌、恐惧也不会存在。

四、1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
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